© 2000-08 FullView, Inc. 1 www.fullview.com
FullView® cameras, invented in 1995 at Bell Labs, provide
• Up-to-360°x360°, live, seamless, high-resolution
• Video without equal that any number of remote users
can pan, tilt & zoom independently and simultaneously
USS George Washington, 2006USS George Washington, 2006
USS George Washington, 2006USS George Washington, 2006
David Bowie duringlive webcast from
New York, May 1999
IP
© 2000-08 FullView, Inc. 2 www.fullview.com
FullView’s patented camera design
has multiple component cameras
effectively looking out in different
directions from substantially the
same viewpoint, with each but at
most one component camera looking
off an individual planar mirror.
When multiple images are acquired from the same viewpoint, they are
inherently identical where they adjoin, which allows them to be
mosaiced into a seamless larger image without any image blending that
is computationally expensive and blurs the original images.
FullView Cameras Versus Others
YesYesNoYesPatents
Remote Reality,Be Here, VRIiPIXiMove, FLIR, Pt Grey,
GoogleFullView & Microsoft
(under license)Users
YesYesNot When Objectiveis Seamless Images2YesLive Video
f/5.63f/2.83f/0.8f/0.8Maximum Aperture
Limited atAll Distances5
Limited atAll Distances5
FairBeyond 20 ft5
GoodBeyond 5 ftImage Quality
654
Yes
Part-Hemispherical/Panoramic
Single CameraLooking Off
Curved Mirror
300 for 6-CameraSpherical View
Not Unless Objects are Distant & at Low Res1
Custom:Spherical/Panoramic
Multiple CamerasLooking
Directly Out
1500 for 10-CameraPanoramic View
Yes
Custom:Panoramic/Spherical
Multiple CamerasLooking Off
Planar Mirrors
1. Images from cameras looking directly out exhibit parallax, which in general precludes their artifact-free combination
2. Image blending, used to create composite images from cameras looking directly out, hinders live video (& also blurs it)
3. When curved mirrors or fisheye lenses are used, the aperture must be kept small to keep optical aberrations small
4. Pixels/solid-angle depends on the sensors (assumed identical here) and their number, efficiency of use, & fields of view
5. Image quality depends not only on pixels/solid-angle, but also on optical aberrations & loss of resolution due to blending
904Relative Number ofPixels/Solid-Angle
YesArtifact-FreeSeamless Images
HemisphericalField of View
Single CameraWith
Fisheye Lens
ALTERNATEDESIGNS
© 2000-08 FullView, Inc. 3 www.fullview.com
Situational Awareness with FullView
Security EndoscopyRobotNavigation
CivilianSurveillance
MilitarySurveillance
FullView® FC-110 is a 10-CCD B&W video camera
• Field of view 360° horizontal, +15° to -45° vertical
• B&W 4000 x 600 images @ 30 fps – can “see” person 600’ away
• Sensitivity 0.0001 lux – can “see” under half moon
• Gain, shutter, and aperture auto-adjust per component camera
• Hard-Disk video recording/playback & simulation of live display
• Pressurized-nitrogen housing with EMI shielding, heaters, & vibration isolators
• Chosen by US Navy for deployment on next generation of aircraft carriers
Situational Awareness allows users to have a real-time awareness of a camera surroundings, without distraction or clutter, to recognize the significance of what’s seen, predict what might happen next, and react as quickly as possible. Desirable is optimal visibility in every direction, even if luma is not seamless.
Screen Grab OffScreen Grab OffUSS George USS George WashingtonWashington
© 2000-08 FullView, Inc. 4 www.fullview.com
FullView® FC-110 Situational-Awareness Camera
FV format files can simulate either live video or video displayed during recordingPlayback
Snapshots as bmp/JPEG/PostScript or to Printer, and video as AVI or FullView’s FV formatPublishing
Snapshots, or MPEG-4 video @ 30 fps simultaneous with live display, @ >24 hrs/TBRecording
1.35 amp @ 12V DC using regulated switching power supply inside housingPower
FullVista® Software
Patented & Proprietary: Produces geometrically seamless video irrespective of sceneOverview
User configurable number, size, layout, and inter-window video PTZ relationshipVideo Windows
B&W 8 bits/pixel, up to 4000 H x 600 V, 30 frames/second, 0.01 second latencyUnderlying Video
Size, digital PTZ, & cylindrical view or flattened view, which displays straight lines straightVideo Control
Remote Internet control, multi-monitor display, antialiasing, deinterlacing, sharpeningOther
–25oF to +125oF operating rangeTemperature
360o camera & up to 2 PTZs, USB Keyboard & Mouse, QXGA (2048 x 1536) display, 110 VACInterface
500K pixels/steradian, >3000 H lines & >500 V lines LumaResolution
5 Feet to InfinityDepth of Field
Internal Standard, External OptionalSynchronization
> 50 dB with Automatic Gain Control OffSignal Noise Ratio
5 AC strip heaters, and optional shade for reduced solar loading and sun glareHeaters & Shade
3 PCI-X, each with four composite video in and onboard MPEG-4 compressionFrame Grabbers
10 ¼-inch through holes uniformly spaced on 11.5-inch bolt circleMounting
~ 30 lbs including cameraWeight
Cylinder, 12.5 inches diameter x 12.5 inches height excluding connectorsShape & Size
Housing with cylindrical shell, filled with Nitrogen @ 5 to 10 psiOverview
3GHz Intel® Processor, 2MB Memory, 1TB Removable Storage, Windows® 2003 ServerOverview
Video: Ten composite video outElectrical: 110 VAC in for heaters and camera power supplyGenlock: Optional inTemperature & Pressure: Monitoring signals out
Interface
Computer
Internal camera vibration isolatorsVibration
EMI shielded, 10 ohm conductive coating inside shellEMI
Pyrex with antireflective coating outside shellShell
Camera
Environmental
+5 to +60 dB, independent auto gain for each of 10 camerasGain
0.0001 lux at f/0.8 with Automatic Gain Control OnSensitivity
1/30 to 1/100,000 second, independent auto shutter for each of 10 camerasShutter
30 frames/second with 0.01 second latencyVideo
f/0.8 to f/16, independent auto iris for each of 10 camerasAperture
B&W 4000 H x 600 V x 8 bits/pixelSeamless in Geometry, but not in Luma
360o horizontal, +15o to -45o vertical
Patented design: Ten ½-inch 380K-pixel B&W CCD cameras, each looking off a flat mirror
Images
Field of View
Overview
© 2000-08 FullView, Inc. 5 www.fullview.com
Virtual Presence with FullViewVirtual Presence is the ability of one or more remote users to each look around the same scene in any direction simultaneously and independently, with each user free to pan, tilt, & zoom in any direction without affecting any other user. Desirable is complete seamlessness in every direction, with high-fidelity color.
FullView® FC-1005 is a 5-CCD color video camera
• Field of view 360° horizontal, ±25° vertical
• High-fidelity RGB 3200 x 432 images @ 30 fps
• Images seamless in geometry, luma, and chroma
• Depth of field 1 foot to infinity
• Optional S-video & audio & hard-disk recording/playback
• Optional weatherproof and vibration/EMI resistant housing
• Predecessor used for one of earliest live webcasts in 1999
• Technology licensed by Microsoft for its RoundTable video-conferencing product
DistanceLearning
MonitoringVideoConferencing
InteractiveViewing
VirtualAttendance
David Bowie during live webcast from New York City, May 1999
© 2000-08 FullView, Inc. 6 www.fullview.com
FullView® FC-1005 Virtual-Presence Camera
Size, digital PTZ, & cylindrical view or flattened view, which displays straight lines straightVideo Control
~ 10” x 20” x 20”, 25 lbsSize & Weight
Video: Five non-standard video in, five s-video or composite video outElectrical: 110 VAC in for 5 amp @ 12V DC using regulated switching power supplyGenlock: Standard
Camera control unit controls tethered camera
Camera Control Unit
Overview
Interface
FV format files can simulate either live video or video displayed during recordingPlayback
Snapshots as bmp/JPEG/PostScript or to Printer, and video as AVI or FullView’s FV formatPublishing
Snapshots, or MPEG-4 video @ 30 fps simultaneous with live display, @ >24 hrs/TBRecording
Five non-standard video+power cablesInterface
FullVista® Software
Patented & Proprietary: Produces geometrically seamless video irrespective of sceneOverview
User configurable number, size, layout, and inter-window video PTZ relationshipVideo Windows
RGB 16 bits/pixel, up to 3200 H x 432 V, 30 frames/second, 0.01 second latencyUnderlying Video
Remote Internet control, multi-monitor display, antialiasing, deinterlacing, sharpeningOther
–25oF to +125oF operating rangeTemperature
360o camera, USB Keyboard & Mouse, QXGA (2048 x 1536) display, 110 VACInterface
250K pixels/steradian, >3200 H lines & >300 V lines LumaResolution
1 Foot to InfinityDepth of Field
> 54 dBSignal Noise Ratio
5 AC strip heaters, and optional shade for reduced solar loading and sun glareHeaters & Shade
Internal camera vibration isolatorsVibration
2 PCI-X, each with four composite video in and onboard MPEG-4 compressionFrame Grabbers
10 ¼-inch through holes uniformly spaced on 11.5-inch bolt circleMounting
~ 30 lbs including cameraWeight
Cylinder, 12.5 inches diameter x 12.5 inches height excluding connectorsShape & Size
OPTIONAL Housing with cylindrical shell, filled with Nitrogen @ 5 to 10 psiOverview
3GHz Intel® Processor, 2MB Memory, 1TB Removable Storage, Windows® 2003 ServerOverview
Video: Pass through non-standard video outElectrical: 110 VAC in for heaters, and pass through non-standard power in for cameraTemperature & Pressure: Monitoring signals out
Interface
Computer
Pyrex with antireflective coatings inside and outside shellShell
Camera
Environmental
Manual or AutomaticWhite Balance
30 frames/second with 0.01 second latencyVideo
Aperture f/1.4 fixed, Shutter 1/30 second fixedAperture &Shutter
RGB 3200 H x 432 V x 16 bits/pixelSeamless in Geometry, Luma, & Chroma
360o horizontal, +25o to -25o vertical
Patented design: Five ½-inch 900K-RGB-pixel CCD cameras, each looking off a flat mirror
Images
Field of View
Overview