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Unit ICTheories ofInternational
Politics
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Theoretical Models of IP
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Theoretical Models of IP1. Positivist:
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Theoretical Models of IP1. Positivist:
Empirical/Scientific Approach
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Theoretical Models of IP1. Positivist:
Empirical/Scientific Approach Value-free/non-relativistic
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Theoretical Models of IP2. Post-Positivist:
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Theoretical Models of IP2. Post-Positivist:
Normative/ Philosophical
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Theoretical Models of IP2. Post-Positivist:
Normative/ Philosophical Value-based
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Theoretical Models of IP3. Positivist Theories
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Theoretical Models of IP3. Positivist Theories
Realism: Focus on Power of State
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Theoretical Models of IP3. Positivist Theories
Realism: Focus on Power of State Liberalism: Focus on cooperative relationships between states
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Theoretical Models of IP3. Positivist Theories
Realism: Focus on Power of State Liberalism: Focus on cooperative relationships between states
Neo-Liberalism: Focus on economic
relationships between States & Non-States
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Theoretical Models of IP4. Post-Positivist Theories
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Theoretical Models of IP4. Post-Positivist Theories
Constructivism: Focus on norms & Actor-identity
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Theoretical Models of IP4. Post-Positivist Theories
Constructivism: Focus on norms & Actor-identity English School: Focus on shared norms & values
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Theoretical Models of IP4. Post-Positivist Theories
Constructivism: Focus on norms & Actor-identity English School: Focus on shared norms & values
Marxist/Neo-Marxist: Focus on social
class & economics
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Theoretical Models of IP4. Post-Positivist Theories
Constructivism: Focus on norms & Actor-identity English School: Focus on shared norms & values
Marxist/Neo-Marxist: Focus on social
class & economics - AKA Radical Model
R li (M il ) Old
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Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest
R li (M il ) Old
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Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest
1. Conflict between Nations
R li t (M til ) Old t
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Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest
The drive to power is a
fundamental aspect of
human nature.
(Thucydides)
1. Conflict between Nations
R li t (M til ) Old t
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Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest
2.Mercantilism: Goal ofNational policy is to
maximize State power.
R li t (M til ) Old t
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{IG} C
Conflict
{IG}Resolved by
Power
Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest3. Structural Realism:
R li t (M til ) Old t
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{IG} C
Conflict
{IG}Resolved by
Power
Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest
Conflict result of Anarchy
= lack of power above
nation states.
3. Structural Realism:
R li t (M til ) Old t
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{IG} C
Conflict
{IG}Resolved by
Power
Realist (Mercantile) : Oldest
Conflict result of Anarchy
= lack of power above
nation states.
3. Structural Realism:
R li t
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Realist:
Zero-sum game: Only one can win4. Assumptions:
Re list
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Realist:
Zero-sum game: Only one can win Competition > Cooperation
4. Assumptions:
Realist:
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Realist:4. Assumptions:
Realpolitik: Nationspursue self interest
over collective good
Realist:
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Realist:
Nations = Rational Actors
Realist:
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Realist:
Nations = Rational Actors Goal = Maximize Power and Positive Outcomes
Realist:
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Realist:
Nations = Rational Actors Goal = Maximize Power and Positive Outcomes Statism: Focus on the role and power ofindividual states.
Neo Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Neo Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
1. Anarchy & Self Help
Neo Realist:Post World War II
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1. Anarchy & Self Help
National security can onlybe realized through Self-
Help. (Kenneth Waltz, :
Theory of International
Politics):
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Neo Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
2. SECURITY DILEMMA
Security Dilemma:
Military Preparation togain security leads to
greater international
Insecurity.
Neo Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Security Dilemma:
Military Preparation togain security leads to
greater international
Insecurity.
2. SECURITY DILEMMA
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Security Dilemma:
Military Preparation togain security leads to
greater international
Insecurity.
2. SECURITY DILEMMA
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
3. Global Ideological Conflict
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
3. Global Ideological Conflict
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo-Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Neo-Realist:Post World War II
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Neo Realist:Post World War II
Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations
Liberal (Idealist):
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Liberal (Idealist):
1. IR Goal = Cooperation between Nations
Liberal (Idealist):
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Liberal (Idealist):
1. IR Goal = Cooperation between Nations = Interde endenc
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
Liberal (Idealist): 2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
Liberal (Idealist): Cooperation Possible between States
2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
Liberal (Idealist) Cooperation Possible between States Liberal States = More cooperative and Peaceful
2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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be a ( dea s ) Cooperation Possible between States Liberal States = More cooperative and Peaceful
FDR: Arsenal ofDemocracy
Wilson: Making the World
Safe For Democracy
2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
( ) Reciprocity Principle:States capable offoregoing short-term individual gainfor long-term community well-being
2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
( ) Reciprocity Principle:States capable offoregoing short-term individual gainfor long-term community well-being Liberal Institutionalism Trans-NationalInstitutions To Enforce Reciprocity
2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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( ) Reciprocity Principle:States capable offoregoing short-term individual gainfor long-term community well-being
States can develop a
world Federation
Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
Liberal Institutionalism Trans-NationalInstitutions To Enforce Reciprocity
2. Assumptions
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Liberal (Idealist):
2 Assumptions
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( ) Reciprocity Principle:States capable offoregoing short-term individual gainfor long-term community well-being
States can develop a
world Federation
Immanuel Kant
1724-1804
Trade promotes Peace
Liberal Institutionalism Trans-NationalInstitutions To Enforce Reciprocity
2. Assumptions
Liberal (Idealist):
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3. Cooperation through Free Trade( )
Liberal (Idealist):
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3. Cooperation through Free Trade( )
International System = Rational, Independent States
Liberal (Idealist):
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3. Cooperation through Free Trade( )
International System = Rational, Independent States
Trade = National Self Interest
Liberal (Idealist):
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3. Cooperation through Free Trade( )
International System = Rational, Independent States
Trade = National Self Interest Trade = Cooperation = Interdependency
Liberal (Idealist):
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( )
Interdependency3. Cooperation through Free Trade
Liberal (Idealist):
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Value Peace > Value of WarInterdependency
( ) 3. Cooperation through Free Trade
Liberal (Idealist):
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Value Peace > Value of WarUS v. Canada
Interdependency
) 3. Cooperation through Free Trade
Liberal (Idealist):
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Value Peace > Value of WarUS v. Canada
Interdependency
3. Cooperation through Free Trade
Neo-Liberal: 4. Regime Theory
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g y
Neo-Liberal:
4. Regime Theory
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International Regimes: Global system of
rules & norms
g y
Neo-Liberal:
4. Regime Theory
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International Regimes: Global system of
rules & norms Established Multi-laterally
g y
Neo-Liberal:
4. Regime Theory
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International Regimes: Global system of
rules & norms Established Multi-laterally TNGIs (Trans National Governing Institutions)
g y
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Constructivism: 1. IR = Social Constrtuction
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Berger & Luckman, Social Construction of Reality (1966)
1. IR = Social Constrtuction
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Constructivism: 1. IR = Social Constrtuction
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!
Alexander Wendt
1. IR Social Constrtuction
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Constructivism: 2. Assumptions
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!
Focus on norms & Actor-identity
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Constructivism: 2. Assumptions
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!
Identities of actors are constructedby shared/exclusive ideas
Constructivism: 2. Assumptions
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!
National interest notpre-existing.
Constructivism: 2. Assumptions
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!
National interest notpre-existing. Product of social value
Constructivism: 2. Assumptions
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!
National interest notpre-existing. Product of social value
World Bank &
Poverty
Radical:
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Radical: 1. Exploitation between Nations
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Radical: 1. Exploitation between Nations
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Marx: International Politics =
global extension of class struggle
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1. Exploitation between NationsRadical:
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Marx: International Politics =
global extension of class struggle
Lenin: Global Class Struggle =
Capitalist states v. Rest
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Radical:
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2. Marxist Socialism
Radical:
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2. Marxist Socialism Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
Radical:
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2. Marxist Socialism Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation Imperialism = quest for new markets for
goods & capital.John A. Hobson,
Imperialism (1902):
Radical
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2.Marxist Socialism Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
Imperialism = result ofDomestic monopoly tendency
Exported abroad.
V.I. Lenin, Imperialism, The HighestStage of Capitalism (1916):
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Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
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Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
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Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
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Radical
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2.Marxist Socialism Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation Inevitable collapse of Global Capitalism
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Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
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Imperialism Caused by Market Saturation
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Radical
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3.Gramscian Analysis Antonio Gramsci, 1920s Italian Communism
Radical
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3.Gramscian Analysis Antonio Gramsci, 1920s Italian Communism
Emphasis on cultural & social roles of hegemony (beyond economic)
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Radical
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3. Gramscian Analysis 1970s: Development of
Transnational Historic Blocs
Radical
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3. Gramscian Analysis 1970s: Development of
Transnational Historic Blocs Starbucks/MacSociety
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Radical 4. World Systems Theory
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Systems of Globaleconomic/political power
dominates IR
Radical 4. World Systems TheoryI l W ll t i Th I t f
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Systems of Globaleconomic/political power
dominates IR
Immanuel Wallerstein: Three Instances of
Hegemony in the History of the CapitalistWorld Economy.
Radical 4. World Systems TheoryI l W ll t i Th I t f
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Immanuel Wallerstein: Three Instances of
Hegemony in the History of the CapitalistWorld Economy.
Neo-Radical 5. Post-Colonialism
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Neo-Radical 5. Post-Colonialism
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Globalization = Exploitation
Neo-Radical: 5. Post-Colonialism
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Globalization = Exploitation Neo-Colonialism: Economic rather than politicalcontrol of poor countries by rich countries
Neo-Radical
5. Post-Colonialism
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Globalization = Exploitation Neo-Colonialism: Economic rather than politicalcontrol of poor countries by rich countries Dependency Theory: Poor nations poor due to
economic domination by rich nations.
Neo-Radical: Post Colonialism6 D d (D d i ) Th
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6. Dependency (Dependencia) Theory Raul Prebisch, (1950)Economic
Development ofLatin America
Neo-Radical: Post Colonialism6 D d (D d i ) Th
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6. Dependency (Dependencia) Theory Raul Prebisch, (1950)Economic
Development ofLatin America History of colonialism =
export & import dependency
Neo-Radical: Post Colonialism6 D d (D d i ) Th
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6. Dependency (Dependencia) Theory
Raul Prebisch, (1950)Economic
Development ofLatin America History of colonialism =
export & import dependency Same mercantile relationship without
political control
Best Paradigm?
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Best Paradigm?
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Realist
LiberalRad
ical
Constructivist
Positivist
Best Paradigm?
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Realist
LiberalRad
ical
Constructivist
Positivist
?
