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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
ISO/TC 39/SC 2
Voting begins on:2004-04-23
Secretariat: ANSI
Voting terminates on:2004-09-23
Test conditions for numerically controlled turning machines and turning centres —
Part 2:Geometric tests for machines with a vertical workholding spindle
Conditions d'essai des tours à commande numérique et des centres de tournage —
Partie 2: Essais géométriques pour les machines à broche verticale
(Revision of ISO 13041:2000)
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International Standard 13041-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcommittee SC 2, Test conditions for metal cutting machine tools.
ISO 13041 consists of the following part, under the general title Test conditions for NC turning machines and turning centres :
- Part 1: Geometric tests for machines with horizontal workholding spindle
- Part 2: Geometric tests for machines with vertical workholding spindle
- Part 3: Geometric tests for machines with inverted vertical workholding spindle
- Part 4: Accuracy and Repeatability of positioning of linear and rotary axes
- Part 5: Accuracy of speeds, feeds and interpolations
- Part 6: Accuracy of a finished test piece
- Part 7: Evaluation of contouring performance in the three coordinate planes
- Part 8: Evaluation of thermal distortions
Annex A of this part of ISO 13041 is for information only.
A numerically controlled turning machine is a machine tool in which the principal motion is the rotation of the workpiece against the stationary cutting tool(s) and where cutting energy is brought by the workpiece and not by the tool. This machine is controlled by a numerical control (NC) providing automatic function according to 3.3 of ISO 13041-2 and can be of single spindle or multi-spindle type.
A turning centre is a NC turning machine equipped with power driven tool(s) and the capacity to orientate the work holding spindle around its axis. This machine may include additional features such as automatic tool changing from a magazine.
The object of ISO 13041 is to supply information as wide and comprehensive as possible on geometric, positional, contouring, thermal and machining tests which can be carried out for comparison, acceptance, maintenance or any other purpose.
ISO 13041 specifies, with reference to the relevant parts of ISO 230 Test Code for Machine Tools, tests for turning centres and numerically controlled turning machines with / without tailstocks standing alone or integrated in flexible manufacturing systems. ISO 13041 also establishes the tolerances or maximum acceptable values for the test results corresponding to general purpose and normal accuracy turning centres and numerically controlled turning machines.
DR
AFT 2
004
ISO/DIS 13041-2
1
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13041 specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1, the geometric tests on general purpose and normal accuracy numerically controlled (NC) turning machines and tuning centres with vertical workholding spindles as defined in 3.4.
This part of ISO 13041 specifies the applicable to tolerances corresponding to the above mentioned tests.
This part of ISO 13041 explains different concepts or configurations and common features of NC turning machines and turning centres with vertical workholding spindle. It also provides a terminology and designation of controlled axes.
This part of ISO 13041 deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the operational testing of the machine (e.g. vibration, abnormal noise, stick slip motion of components) nor to machine characteristics (e.g. speeds, feeds) as such checks are generally carried out before testing the accuracy.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 230-1:1996 Test code for machine tools — Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions.
ISO 841:2001, Industrial automation systems — Physical device control — Coordinate system and motion nomenclature
ISO/FDIS 13041-1:2003 Test conditions for NC turning machines and turning centres — Part 1: Geometric tests for machines with horizontal workholding spindle
3 Definition of the machining operations carried out on these machines
For the purpose of this standard and the following definitions apply.
3.1 Numerically controlled turning machine
A machine tool in which principle movement is the rotation of the workpiece against the stationary cutting tool(s) and where cutting energy is brought by the workpiece and not by the tool. This machine is controlled by a numerical control (NC) providing automatic function.
Test conditions for numerically controlled turning machines and turning centres —
Part 2:Geometric tests for machines with a vertical workholding spindle
A NC turning machine equipped with power driven tool(s) and the capacity to orientate the work holding spindle around its axis. This machine may include additional features such as automatic tool changing from a magazine.
3.3 Machine modes of operation
A mode of operation of the NC or data entry devices where entries are interpreted as functions to be executed.
a) Machine mode of NC Non-automatic mode of NC of a machine in which the operator controls it without the use of pre-programmed numerical data, for example, by push button or joystick control.
b) Manual data input mode The entry of programme data by hand at the NC.
c) Single block mode The mode of NC in which, at the initiation of the operator, only one block of control data is executed.
d) Automatic mode The mode of NC in which the machine operates in accordance with the programme data until stopped by the programme or the operator.
3.4 Vertical turning centre
A NC vertical turning machine is a machine with one or two type heads and a turret type head, and sometime a slide head with an indexable turret. Typical machines consist of a base supporting the horizontal table or chuck. Attached to the base is a single vertical column or dual vertical columns which carries the cross rail. The cross rail carries one or two heads, each head consisting of a saddle (turret rail head or rail head) which moves horizontally on the rail, and a ram or slide which moves vertically on the saddle. On some machines a slide head is mounted on the right vertical column way, so that the side head saddle moves vertically, and the side head ram or slide moves horizontally. This machine equips power driven tool(s) and the capacity to orientate the work holding spindle around its axis. This machine may include additional features such as automatic tool changing from a tool magazine.
This machine is divided into two types owing to work holding system. one is the table type and the other is the chuck type. A chuck type vertical turning centre is usually used for small size of workpieces, whilst a table type vertical turning centre is used for large size of workpieces.
4 Preliminary remarks
4.1 Measuring units
In this International Standard, all linear dimensions, deviation and corresponding tolerances are expressed in millimetres; angular dimensions are expressed in degrees, and angular deviations and the corresponding tolerance are expressed in ratios but in some cases microradians or arcseconds may be used for clarification purpose. The equivalence of the following expressions should always be kept in mind.
To apply this International Standard, reference should be made to ISO 230-1, especially for installation of the machine before testing, warming up of the spindle and over moving components, description of measuring methods and recommended accuracy of testing equipment.
In the “Observation” block of the tests described in the following sections, the instructions are followed by a reference to the corresponding clause in ISO 230-1 in cases where the test concerned is in compliance with the specifications of that part of ISO 230-1 Tolerances are given for each test (see G1 to G20)
4.3 Machine leveling
Prior to conducting tests on a machine, the machine should be leveled according to the recommendations of the supplier/manufacturer (see 3.11 of ISO 230-1:1996).
4.4 Test sequence
The sequence in which tests are presented in this International Standard in no way defines the practical order of testing. In order to make the mounting of instruments or gauging easier, tests may be performed in any order.
4.5 Test to be performed
When testing a machine, it is not always necessary or possible to carry out all the tests described in this International Standard. When the tests are required for acceptance purposes, it is up to the user to choose, in agreement with the supplier/manufacturer; those tests relating to the components and/or the properties of the machine which are of interest. These tests are to be clearly stated when ordering a machine. Mere reference to this International Standard for the acceptance tests, without specifying the tests to be carried out, and without agreement on the relevant expenses, can not be considered as binding for any contracting party.
4.6 Diagrams
For reasons of simplicity, diagrams in this International Standard are based on a machine type with one workhead and one turret.
4.7 Software compensation
When built in software facilities are available for compensating geometric, positioning, contouring and thermal deviations, their use during these tests should be based on an agreement between the user and the supplier/manufacturer. When the software compensation is used, this shall be stated in the test reports.
4.8 Minimum tolerance
When the tolerance for a geometric test is established for a measuring length different from that given in this International Standard (see 2.311 of ISO 230-1:1996), it shall be into consideration that the minimum value of tolerance is 0,005mm.
4.9 Descriptions, terminology and designation of axes
Vertical turning machines and vertical turning centres can be generally classified into two further groups:
Generally the table/chuck is mounted on the base, but sometimes it can be mounted on the saddle and moved horizontally on the base. The work spindle axis is vertical.
On the vertical turning machines, turret(s) hold stationary tools. On the vertical turning centres, turret(s) hold both stationary tools and power driven tools. The turret(s) are mounted on the turret slide fixed / moved vertically on the turret railhead of the column. The turret railhead is moved horizontally on the cross rail fixed on the column. In some cases, there are also independent tool spindle(s) for rotary tools and stationary tools mounted on railhead ram which is moved vertically in the railhead. In such cases, a tool exchanger and a tool magazine may also be required. Sometime, horizontal side head rams are equipped on the right side column and moved horizontally in the side head which is moved vertically on the column.
Typical example of type A is shown in Table 2 with some example of axes symbols for the direction of motions. These directions of motions are defined by ISO 841.
4.9.2 Type B: Machine with dual columns (bridge)
Generally the table/chucking is mounted on the base, sometime on the saddle or the table moved horizontally on the base. The work spindle axis is vertical.
On the vertical turning machines, turret(s) hold stationary tools. On the vertical turning centres, turret(s) hold both stationary tools and power driven tools. The turret(s) are mounted on the railhead(s) fixed / moved horizontally on the cross rail. The cross rail is fixed/moved vertically on the column. In some cases, there are also independent tool spindle(s) for rotary tools and stationary tools mounted on railhead ram which is moved vertically in the railhead. In such cases a tool exchanger and a tool magazine may also be required. Sometime, horizontal side head rams are equipped on the right side column and moved horizontally in the side head which is moved vertically on the column.
This machine is divided into two types based on the (1) fixed columns (bridge) (2) movable column (bridge). These types are (1) portal type, (2) gantry type.
(1) Portal type: This type has two columns fixed on the base face, across the table/chuck which is mounted on the base. The cross rail is either fixed or moved vertically on these columns supports the railhead which is moved horizontally on the cross rail. The turret head moves vertically on the railhead ram. Sometime a side head ram is either fixed or moved vertically on the column, supports the tool turret which is moved horizontally.
The other of this type is two columns fixed on the base face each other across the table/chuck which is mounted on the table which is moved horizontally on the base. The cross rail fixed / moved vertically on these columns supports the railhead moved horizontally on the cross rail. The turret head moves vertically on the railhead ram. Sometime a side head ram fixed / moved vertically on the column supports the tool turret which is moved horizontally.
(2) Gantry type: Two columns are moved horizontally on the base face across the table which is mounted on the base. The cross rail fixed / moved vertically on these columns supports the rail head moved horizontally on the cross rail. The turret head ram moves vertically on the rail head ram.
Sometimes a side head ram which is fixed / moved vertically on the column supports the tool turret which is moved horizontally.
Typical example of Type B is shown respectively in Table 2 with some examples of axes symbols for the direction of motions. These directions of motions are defined by ISO 841.
For simplicity, all the machine examples shown in Table 2 use the axis designation of a letter and a number (e.g. X, X1, X2….) as defined in Section 6.1 of ISO 841. In all examples the use of the letters U, V, or W could be substituted.
4.11 Turrets
As already explained in 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4 vertical turning centres have not only stationary tools but also power driven rotary tools which are located on the turret and/or the rail head rum. When the number of tools expected to be used exceeds the capacity of the turret, an automatic change of tools in turret, or a change of turret, may be provided. An automatic tool change device may also be required in cases of power driven spindles in which the tool can be automatically set. The typical settings of turret are two types, the one is the turret mounted on the turret slide parallel to the work spindle axis, the other is the turret mounted on swivel head.
4.12 Machine size category
The machines are classified into three categories, on the basis of the criteria specified in Table 1.
For each 1000 increase in diameter add to the tolerance 0,01
Local tolerance 0,01 over any measuring length of 300
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
Straightedge and gauge blocks or precision level
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 Clause 5.322 / Alternative Clause 5.323 (Checking with the aid of level) 1) Circular checking The level shall be placed on a support A having three bearing points on the table surface. The support shall be moved to positions equally spaced along the table surface. 2) Diametrical checking The level shall be placed on the table and along a diametrical direction with the aid of a straightedge B. The level shall be moved at positions equally spaced along the straightedge. The procedure shall be repeated moving the straightedge according to the successive positions occupied by
the support A. Subject to agreement between manufacturer and user, it is permissible to carry out diametrical checking only. D
Checking of camming of : a) the table surface b) the spindle face
Diagram
b)a)
Tolerance
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
a) 0.01 0.02 0.035 0.05
For each 1000 table diameter add to the tolerance: 0,01
b) 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.02
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
Dual guage
Observations and references to ISO 230-1
a) Clause 5.632
The dial gauge shall be placed on a fixed part of the machine and shall be placed as near as possible to the table surface and approximately 180�from the position occupied by the tool when the table was machined.
Cross rail, railhead and slide locked in position.
b) Clause 5.632
Measurements shall be taken on the maximum diameter. DR
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 a) 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.02 b) 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.03
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments Dial gauge and test mandrel
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.612.3
If the dial gauge cannot be used directly on a cylindrical or tapered bore, a test mandrel is mounted in the bore.
Due to potential nesting problems when inserting the mandrel into the bore, particularly with tapered bores, these operations shall be repeated at least four times, the mandrel being turned through 90゜ in relation to the spindle.
The average of the readings shall be taken.
Step should be taken to minimize the effect of the tangential drag upon the stylus of the measuring instrument.
Object G6 1) Checking of parallelism of ram (toolhead) vertical motion (Z axis) to the table rotation axis a) in a plane perpendicular to the cross rail; b) in aplane parallel to the cross rail. 2) Checking of parallelism of the ram (toolhead) vertical motion (Z axis) to the chuck rotation axis a) in a plane perpendicular to the cross rail; b) in a plane parallel to the cross rail. NOTE This test is applied to the W – axis motion in a) VW – plane and b) WU plane. Tolerances of W-axis motion are applied to the secondary spindle of the workhead. When the W-axis motion is related only to secondary workhead then the above tolerances are applied.
Diagram
b)a) b)a)
1) 2)
Tolerance a) 0.015 for the measuring length of 300 b) 0.01 for the measuring length of 300
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments 1) Straightedge, square, gauge blocks and dial gauge 2) Dial gauge and test mandrel
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 1) Clause 5.512.2 Cross rail and railheads locked in position. The square shall be placed on a straightedge which is set on gauge blocks perpendicularly to the table rotation axis. Checking shall be made by applying the dial gauge stylus on the square. 2) Clause 5.412.1, 5.422.3 Turn the workhead to find the mean position of run-out and then move carriage in the Z direction and take maximum difference to the readings. or Take readings at several rotary positions of the workhead spindle and then rotate by 180゜and take readings at the initial positions then the maximum difference of the two averaged measurements gives the parallelism deviation. This test applies to all workhead spindles.
Object G7 Checking of squareness of the ram (toolhead) slide motion (X axis) to the table rotation axis.
Note: For table type only
Diagram
Tolerance
0.01 for the measuring length of 300
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
Straightedge, gauge blocks and dial gauge
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 Clause 5.422.22, 5.522.2
Cross rail and railhead locked in position.
Checking shall be carried out by placing stylus of the dial gauge be fixed on the toolhead slide or slides onto a straightedge laid square to the axis of the table.
Block gauges are used to set the straightedge perpendicularly to the table rotation axis.
Measurements shall be carried out at a minimum of three positions equally spaced in the travel of the cross rail.
Object G8 Checking of slope variation of the cross-rail in its W-axis movement in the vertical XZ-plane;
a) in the lower position; b) in the mid-position; c) in the upper position.
Diagram
a)
b)
c)Ref.
Tolerance 0,03/ 1000
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
Precision level
Observations and references to the ISO 230-1 Clause 5.5232.21
Place the level at possibly mid-position of the cross-rail on an adequate face and read the indication in the quoted positions.
The head shall be placed in a central position of the cross-rail.
When W-axis motion causes angular deviation of both the cross-rail and the work-holding table, differential measurements of the two angular movements shall be taken.
When differential measurement is applied, the reference level shall be placed on the work-holding table.
Checking of parallelism of the side head movement to the axis of rotation of the table.
Diagram
Tolerance
0,02 over a measuring length of 300 Measured deviation
Measuring instruments Test mandrel and dial gauge
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.422.3
Turn the workhead to find the mean position of run-out and then move carriage in the Z direction and take maximum difference to the readings.
Or
Take readings at several rotary positions of the workhead spindle and then rotate by 180゜and take readings at the initial positions, then the maximum difference of the two averaged measurements gives the parallelism deviation.
Checking of squareness of the side head ram movement to the axis of the table.
Diagram
α
Tolerance
0,02 over a measuring length of 300
Direction of deviation: α ≥ 90゜
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
Straightedge and dial gauge
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.522.2
The side head shall be locked in position.
Block gauges are used to set the straightedge perpendicularly to the table rotation axis.
Checking shall be carried out by placing the stylus of the dial gauge placed on slide head ram onto a straightedge laid square to the axis of the table.
Checking of the straightness of the toolhead slide movement on the cross rail;
a) in the vertical ZX plane;
NOTE : Applicable for large machines, where the measurement G7 was not possible to carry out for the whole travel
b) in the horizontal XY plane
NOTE : Applicable for turning centers only
Diagram
a)
X
b)
X
Tolerance
0,01 for a measuring length of 500
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
a) Laser measuring equipment, optical equipment, microscope and taut wire
b) Straightedge and dial gauge, or laser measuring equipment, or optical equipment Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.232.1
Cross rail in the middle position of its travel and locked, column locked in position near to the table( if movable in X-axis direction). The straightness etalon (straightedge, the straightness reflector, the alignment telescope, the taut wire) shall be placed on the table parallel 1) to the toolhead slide movement.
The dial gauge, the interferometer, the target or the microscope shall be mounted on the toolhead near to the position of a tool. The tool head is in the middle of its travel.
1) Parallel means, the readings at both ends of the movement are the same value and in this case, the maximum difference of the readings gives the straightness deviation.
Checking of the straightness of the column movement in the X-axis direction;
a) in the vertical ZX plane ;
b) n the horizontal XY plane
NOTE : Applicable for large turning centers(Category 3, 4) only
Diagram
a) b)
X X
Tolerance
0,04 for a measuring length of 1000 Measured deviation
Measuring instruments a) Laser measuring equipment, optical equipment, microscope and taut wire b) Laser measuring equipment, optical equipment
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.232.1 Cross rail and toolhead in the middle position and locked, toolhead slid at the end of the crossrail and locked.
The straightness etalon (the straightness reflector, the alignment telescope, the taut wire) shall be placed on the table parallel 1) to the column movement.
The interferometer, the target or the microscope shall be mounted on the toolhead near to the position of a tool.
1) Parallel means, the readings at both ends of the movement are the same value and in this case, the maximum difference of the readings gives the straightness deviation.
Checking of the straightness of the table slide (portal) movement in the Y-axis direction;
a) in the vertical YZ plane ;
b) in the horizontal XY plane NOTE : Applicable for large turning centers(Category 3, 4) only
Diagram
V
b)
-V
a) Tolerance
0,02 for a measuring length of 500
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments a) Straightedge and dial gauge, or laser measuring equipment, or optical equipment, or microscope and taut
wire b) Straightedge and dial gauge, or laser measuring equipment, optical equipment
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.232.1
Cross rail and toolhead in the middle position and locked, toolhead slid in the measuring position locked.
The straightness etalon (the straightness reflector, the alignment telescope, the taut wire) shall be placed on the table parallel 1) to the table slide (portal) movement.
The dial gauge, the interferometer, the target or the microscope shall be mounted on the toolhead near to the position of a tool. The measuring line should be close to the table axis of rotation.
1) Parallel means, the readings at both ends of the movement are the same value and in this case, the maximum difference of the readings gives the straightness deviation.
Checking of the angular deviations of the toolhead slide movement on the crossrail (X-axis);
a) in the ZX plane EBX (pitch) ;
b) in the YZ plane EAX (roll) ;
c) in the XY plane ECX (yaw). Note: Applicable for large turning centers(Category 3, 4) only
Diagram
c)
ref.
a)X
ref.
-Xb)
Tolerance
Category 3 Category 4
0,06 / 1 000 0.08 / 1 000
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments a) Precision level, or optical deviation measuring instrument
b) Precision level
c) Optical angular deviation measuring instrument Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.231.3 and 5.232.2
The level or instrument shall be placed on the toolhead slide
a) (EBX : pitch) in the X-axis direction (set vertically) ;
b) (EAX : roll) in the Y-axis direction (set vertically) ;
c) (ECX : yaw) in the Z-axis direction (set horizontally).
When toolhead slide motion causes an angular deviation of both toolhead slide and table, differential measurements of the two angular deviations shall b e made and this shall be stated.
The reference level shall be placed on the table.
Measurements shall be carried out at a minimum of five positions equally spaced along the travel in both directions of the movement.
The difference between the maximum and the minimum readings shall no exceed the tolerance.
Checking of the angular deviations of the table slide movement (Y-axis)( portal type machines);
a) in the YZ plane EAY ( pitch) ; b) in the ZX plane EBY ( roll ) ; c) in the XY plane ECX ( yaw ). NOTE : Applicable for large turning centers(Category 3, 4) only
Diagram
c)
V
ref.
a)
b)
-V
ref.
Tolerance
Category 3 Category 4
0,06 / 1 000 0.08 / 1 000
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments
d) Precision level, or optical angular deviation measuring instrument a) Precision level b) Optical angular deviation measuring instrument
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.231.3 and 5.232.2 The level or instrument shall be placed on the table
a) (EAY : pitch) in the Y-axis direction ( set vertically ) ;
b) (EBX : roll) in the X-axis direction ( set vertically) ;
c) (ECY : yaw ) in the Z-axis direction ( set horizontally).
When table slide motion causes an angular deviations of both table and bridge, differential
Measurements of the two angular deviations shall be made and this shall be stated.
The reference level shall be placed on cross rail, which is fixed in position.
Measurements shall be carried out at a minimum of five positions equally spaced along the travel in both directions of the movement.
The difference between the maximum and the minimum readings shall no exceed the tolerance.
Object G20 Checking of the angular deviations of the bridge movement (Y-axis)( gantry type machines); a) in the YZ plane EAY ( pitch) ; b) in the ZX plane EBY ( roll ) ; c) in the XY plane ECX ( yaw ). NOTE : Applicable for large turning centers(Category 3, 4) only
Diagram
b)ref.
a)
V
ref.
-V
b)
Tolerance
Category 3 Category 4
0,06 / 1 000 0.08 / 1 000
Measured deviation
Measuring instruments a) Precision level, or optical angular deviation measuring instrument b) Precision level c) Optical angular deviation measuring instrument
Observations and references to ISO 230-1 5.231.3 and 5.232.2 The level or instrument shall be placed on the cross rail which is fixed in position a) (EAY : pitch) in the Y-axis direction ( set vertically ) ; b) (EBX : roll) in the X-axis direction ( set vertically) ; c) (ECY : yaw ) in the Z-axis direction ( set horizontally).
When bridge motion causes an angular deviation of both bridge and table, differential measurements of the two angular deviations shall be made and this shall be stated.
The reference level shall be placed on the table.
Measurements shall be carried out at a minimum of five positions equally spaced along the travel in both directions of the movement.
The difference between the maximum and the minimum readings shall no exceed the tolerance. DR
