ISO/TC282/SC3
Risk and Performance Evaluation
of Water Reuse Systems
ISO/TC282 Lisbon international workshop on water reuse
May 22, 2019
Naoyuki Funamizu (SC3 Chairperson, Muroran Institute of Technology, Japan)
Make Standard of the methods for monitoring measurement analysis evaluation
of risks and performances of water reuse systems.
It includes the standardisation of how to indicate the results of applying the methods.
It focuses on the generic methods applicable to wide range of water reuses, and the elements of water reuse system include materials, equipment, facilities, processes and management activities for water ruse.
Excluded: the methods for the measurement of water quality, which is covered by
TC 147, all the aspects of TC224 scope the limit of allowable risks in water reuse
Scope of the TC282/SC3 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
Members of ISO/TC282/SC3 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
Participating Members (15) Austria (ASI), Canada (SCC), China (SAC), France (AFNOR), India (BIS), Iran, Islamic Republic of
(ISIRI), Israel (SII), Japan (JISC), Kenya (KEBS), Korea, Republic of (KATS), Malaysia (DSM),
Portugal (IPQ), Singapore (ESG), Spain (UNE), United Kingdom (BSI)
Observing Members (7) Czech Republic (UNMZ), Finland (SFS), Germany (DIN), Hungary (MSZT), Mongolia (MASM),
Sweden (SIS), Thailand (TISI)
History of ISO/TC282/SC3 meetings Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
Dates SC3 SC3/WG1 SC3/WG2 Location
2014-11-3 1st Lisbon (Portugal)
2015-05-27 2nd 1st 1st Vancouver (Canada)
2015-11-04 3rd 2nd 2nd Beijing (China)
2016-06-13&14 4th 3rd 3rd Kyoto (Japan)
2016-11-07&08 5th 4th 4th Tel Aviv (Israel）
2017-05-22&23 6th 5th 5th Faro (Portugal)
2017-11-20&21 7th 6th 6th Madrid (Spain)
2018-05-14&15 8th 7th 7th Seoul (Korea)
2018-11-20&21 9th disbanded 8th Shenzhen (China)
2019-05-20&21 10th disbanded 9th Lisbon (Portugal)
Structure of ISO/TC282/SC3 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
SC3 : Risk and performance evaluation of water reuse systems
Secretariat: JISC
Chairperson: Dr. Naoyuki Funamizu
Secretary: Ms. Yukiko Mizuno
WG1 : health risk (disbanded in 2018) WG2 : performance evaluation
Convenor: Mr. Yutaka Suzuki
(Supported by Ms. Maya Ishikawa)
Convenor: Mr. Hiromasa Yamashita
(Supported by Ms. Yukiko Mizuno)
●Liaison Committees to ISO/TC282/SC3
ISO/TC207/SC7 Greenhouse gas management and related activities
●Liaison Committees from ISO/TC282/SC3
ISO/TC224 Service activities relating to drinking water supply wastewater and stormwater systems
Structure of ISO/TC282/SC3/WG1 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
SC3 : Risk and performance evaluation of water reuse systems
Secretariat: JISC
Chairperson: Dr. Naoyuki Funamizu
Secretary: Ms. Yukiko Mizuno
WG1 : health risk (disbanded in 2018) WG2 : performance evaluation
Convenor: Mr. Yutaka Suzuki
(Supported by Ms. Maya Ishikawa)
Convenor: Mr. Hiromasa Yamashita
(Supported by Ms. Yukiko Mizuno)
ISO20426:2018 - Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
ISO20469:2018 - Guidelines for water quality grade classification for water reuse
Foreword Introduction 1. Scope 2. Normative references 3. Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 4. Concepts of health risk assessment and management for non-
potable water reuse 5. Health risk assessment 6. Risk management 7. Monitoring Annex A (informative): Pathogens that are often detected in raw wastewater
Annex B (informative): Quantitative health risk assessment
Annex C (informative): Examples of PCPs and monitoring parameters
Annex D (informative): Example of performance and compliance monitoring
parameters in water reclamation system
Bibliography
The new ISO standards by TC282/SC3/WG1
ISO20426:2018 - Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
Contents
This document aims
to serve as technical guidelines
for the assessment and management of the health risks associated with pathogens contained in reclaimed water,
which are expected to be caused by the use of reclaimed water, and/or by the production, storage, and transportation of reclaimed water.
This document is applicable to
the use of reclaimed water made from any source water
raw sanitary sewage; treated municipal wastewater; industrial wastewater; stormwater potentially influenced by sewage
for non-potable water reuse.
Scope ISO20426:2018 Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
図1 健康リスク評価と管理のフレームワーク
水再利用を安全に行うために、以下の2種類のモニタリングを適切に実施し、不具合が生じた場合は即座に対応することを記載。
Compliance monitoring；製造された再生水が要求事項（水質基準等）を遵守しているかを測定する。
Performance monitoring；水処理過程において、各プロセスがうまく機能しているかを測定・監視する（例；ROプロセスにおけるEC測定）。
Identification of hazard/hazardous events - source of hazards - exposure route and exposure
(Clause 5.1)
Evaluation/addition of risk control measures a) Source control b) Treatment control c) End-use control
Implementation
Monitoring (Clause7)
Assessment of risk levels (Clause5.2)
Supporting Requirements - Training - Documentation
≧Moderate On-going
review and
Improvement
planning Very low or Low
Framework of health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse ISO20426:2018 Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
Level Descriptor Description of health impact level
1 Insignificant Hazard or hazardous event resulting in no or negligible health effects compared to background levels.
2 Minor Hazard or hazardous event potentially resulting in minor health effects
3 Moderate Hazard or hazardous event potentially resulting in a self-limiting health effects or minor illness.
4 Major Hazard or hazardous event potentially resulting in illness or injury; and/or may lead to legal complaints and concern; and/or major regulatory non-compliance.
5 Catastrophic Hazard or hazardous event potentially resulting in serious illness or injury, or even loss of life; and/or will lead to major investigation by regulator with prosecution likely.
Qualitative health risk assessment - Suggested measures of consequence or impact - ISO20426:2018 Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
Level Descriptor Example description
A Rare Has not happened in the past and it is highly improbable it will happen in the reasonable period.
B Unlikely Has not happened in the past but may occur in exceptional circumstances in the reasonable period.
C Possible May have happened in the past and/or may occur under regular circumstances in the reasonable period.
D Likely Has been observed in the past and/or is likely to occur in the reasonable period.
E Almost certain
Has often been observed in the past and/or will almost certainly occur in most circumstances in the reasonable period.
NOTE The reasonable period depends on the level of risk and local jurisdiction.
Qualitative health risk assessment - Suggested measures of likelihood that exposure events can happen - ISO20426:2018 Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
In the development of this document, TC282/SC3/WG1 has got a consensus on the followings:
for the non-potable reuse projects, the qualitative risk assessment is the most appropriate and
economically feasible methodology. Therefore, this document is described mainly in terms of
qualitative risk assessment.
However, quantitative risk assessment (such as DALYs or risk of infection) is reasonable to adopt in
water reuse scheme with ‘very high’ health risk.
Likelihood Consequences
1-Insignificant 2-Minor 3-Moderate 4-Major 5-Catastrophic
A-Rare Very low Very low Low Low Moderate
B-Unlikely Very low Low Low Moderate High
C-Possible Low Low Moderate High High
D-Likely Low Moderate High High Very high
E-Almost
certain Moderate High High Very high Very high
Qualitative health risk assessment - Suggested risk evaluation (Level of risk = Likelihood x Consequence) - ISO20426:2018 Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
Identification of hazard/hazardous events - source of hazards - exposure route and exposure
(Clause 5.1)
Evaluation/addition of risk control measures a) Source control b) Treatment control c) End-use control
Implementation
Monitoring (Clause7)
Assessment of risk levels (Clause5.2)
Supporting Requirements - Training - Documentation
≧Moderate On-going
review and
Improvement
planning Very low or Low
Risk management ISO20426:2018 Guidelines for health risk assessment and management for non-potable water reuse
The aim of risk management is to reduce the level of all risks to ‘very low’
or ‘low’ by risk control measures as follows: a)Source control
To prevents hazards from entering to the water reuse scheme
b)Treatment control To remove hazards from the source water
c)End-use control To reduce the risk of exposure at the point of use
Structure of ISO/TC282/SC3 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
SC3 : Risk and performance evaluation of water reuse systems
Secretariat: JISC
Chairperson: Dr. Naoyuki Funamizu
Secretary: Ms. Yukiko Mizuno
WG1 : health risk (disbanded in 2018) WG2 : performance evaluation
Convenor: Mr. Yutaka Suzuki
(Supported by Ms. Maya Ishikawa)
Convenor: Mr. Hiromasa Yamashita
(Supported by Ms. Yukiko Mizuno)
●Liaison Committees to ISO/TC282/SC3
ISO/TC207/SC7 Greenhouse gas management and related activities
●Liaison Committees from ISO/TC282/SC3
ISO/TC224 Service activities relating to drinking water supply wastewater and stormwater systems
Water Reuse
Irrigation,
Industry,
Urban reuse
Part-1 General （ISO 20468-1） General concepts and principles
Part-2 Methodology to evaluate performance
of treatment systems on the basis of greenhouse gas emissions （DIS 20468-2）
Part-6 Ion exchange （CD 20468-6）
Part-5 Membrane filtration （CD 20468-5）
Part-4 UV disinfection （CD 20468-4）
Part-3 Ozone treatment （CD 20468-3）
Treatment Technologies
Fit-for - purpose
System/Project
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Part-7 Advanced Oxidation process （CD 20468-7）
Wastewater
Reclaimed
water
Advanced
Preliminary
Guidelines for Performance Evaluation of
Treatment Technologies for Water Reuse Systems
Part-8 Evaluation of wastewater reclamation technologies based on life cycle cost (NP20468-8） Application to economic performance
Treatment
Processes
System
End-use
Framework of guidelines/TC282/SC3/WG2 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
Foreword Introduction 1. Scope 2. Normative references 3. Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 4. Concepts of treatment technology for water reuse systems 5. Principles and general guidelines for performance evaluation 6. Functional 7. Non-functional requirements Annex A (informative) Dependability of treatment technology
Annex B (informative) Dependability evaluation
Bibliography
Contents
The new ISO standards by TC282/SC3/WG1
ISO20468-1:2018 - Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems- Part1:General
This document gives guidelines on performance evaluation of treatment
technologies for water reuse systems. It provides typical parameters of water quality and treatment efficiency that are associated with the
performances of treatment technologies. It also includes a comparison of measured and target values, and provides treatment technology functional requirements and non-functional requirements.
Scope ISO20468-1:2018 - Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems- Part1:General
Treatment
level
Increasing levels of treatment
Preliminary/Primary Secondary Tertiary Advanced
Process
Screening, grit and
grease removal
Sedimentation
Biological oxidation
followed by a solid-liquid
separation
Chemical coagulation,
biological or chemical
nutrient removal, and
filtration
Activated carbon
adsorption/biofiltration, ion
exchange, membrane
technologies, advanced
oxidation processes,
ozonation, soil aquifer
treatment.
End use
No uses
recommended
— surface irrigation of
orchards and vineyards
— non-food crop irrigation
— restricted landcape
impoundments
— wetlands, wildlife
habitat, stream
augmentation
— industrial processes
— landscape and golf
course irrigation
— toilet flushing
— vehicle washing
— food crop irrigation
— unrestricted recreational
impoundment
— industrial systems,
e.g.cooling
— ground water recharge
of non-potable aquifer
— surface water reservoir
augmentation
— direct aquifer recharge
(e.g. seawater intrusion
barrier)
— industrial system,
e.g. boiler
NOTE Disinfection can be used after secondary, tertiary, or advanced treatment as necessary.
Reference: ASANO T., BURTON F. L., LEVERENZ H., TSUCHIHASHI R., TCHOBANOGLOUS G. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications.
McGraw-Hill, New York, 2007
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Guidelines for Water Reuse, 2012
Examples of types of treatment levels and technologies appropriate for various reuse applications ISO20468-1:2018 - Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems- Part1:General
Characteristic Functional requirement Non-functional requirement
Absoluteness (compliance/non-compliance) Relativeness (comparison, improvement)
Representative parameters or indicators for
evaluation
Water quality parameters and removal efficiency associated
with the following: Public health target — health risk target
— water quality target Environmental target — water quality target
Performance indicators associated with followings: Environmental performance
— energy consumption — chemical consumption — waste generated and
requiring disposal — greenhouse gas emission
Economic performance — capital cost
— operating cost — life cycle cost Dependability — availability
— reliability (failure frequency) Alarms
— audible, visual, remote
Possible methods for evaluation and management
Functional and non-functional requirements This concepts are common from ISO20468-2 to ISO20468-8 ISO20468-1:2018 - Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems- Part1:General
Characteristic Functional requirement Non-functional requirement
Absoluteness (compliance/non-compliance) Relativeness (comparison, improvement)
Representative parameters or indicators for
evaluation
Possible methods for evaluation
and management
Representative application - qualitative risk control approach and/or quantitative risk control Evaluation methods - comparison with target value Management methods - preventive and corrective actions
Evaluation methods - benchmarking, comparison with best practices - comparison with past trend Management methods - continuous improvement
Functional and non-functional requirements This concepts are common from ISO20468-2 to ISO20468-8 ISO20468-1:2018 - Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems- Part1:General
ISO/TC 282/SC 3 Risk and Performance Evaluation of Water Reuse Systems
SC3 contributes
Sustainable Development Goals
