Date post: | 24-May-2015 |
Category: |
Technology |
Upload: | sarah-el-akkad |
View: | 1,232 times |
Download: | 7 times |
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
11
Application of Field Erected Cooling Towers in District Cooling
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 2
INDEX
What is a field erected cooling tower?
Types of Induced Draft Cooling Towers
Material of Construction
MOC-Type Comparison
FRP material properties and suitability in Field Erected Cooling Towers
FRP Cooling Tower Construction
Design Aspects
Case Study
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
33
What is a Field Erected Cooling Tower
Customized design to suit project specific requirement like space, noise and NO plume.
Engineered to meet stringent codes pertaining to Seismic, Wind and Maintenance loads.
Ideally suited for handling large flow rates per cell with aggressive water.
Typical applications: Power Plants, Refinery, Petrochemical Plants and Large Tonnage District Cooling Plants
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 44
FIELD ERECTED COOLING FIELD ERECTED COOLING TOWERSTOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 5
INDUCED DRAFT CROSS FLOW COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
66
INDUCED DRAFT CROSS FLOW
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 7
INDUCED DRAFTCOUNTER FLOW COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 8
INDUCED DRAFT COUNTER FLOW
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
99
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
TIMBER COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1010
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
STEEL COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1111
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
REINFORCED CONCRETE COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1212
FAILURES OCCURING IN RCC COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1313
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
Fiber Reinforced Polyester ( FRP ) COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 1414
MATERIAL COMPARISON
WOOD STEEL CONCRETE FRP
Corrosion resistance medium low medium highest
Strenght to weight ratio low high very high highest
Expansion and Contraction medium medium medium low
Thermal conductivity low high medium low
Maintenance high high medium low
Possibility of Wet Dry operation low high high excellent
Installation Time short long very long very short
Basin Load medium high very high lightest
Fire resistance low low medium highest
Need for preservating treatment/coating high high high low
Cost of maintenance and operation high high medium lowest
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1515
FRP MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Life Cycle Cost: Exceptionally low.
Resistance to aggressive water. Accepts all types of aggressive water. Sea water, TSE, Brackish water and
geothermal water
Corrosion resistance: Exceptional resistance to corrosion due to inert nature of the material
Weather resistance: Not affected by UV, sunlight, sandstorm and rains.
Fatigue Properties: Excellent fatigue properties due to high glass content.
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1616
FRP MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Impact Strength: The high impact strength and rigidity allow major deformation without fractures.
Fire Resistance: Due to high fire resistance, there is no need
for costly fire protection system .
Deposition rate : Very low deposition and scale formation
rate.
Bilological attack: Inert to biological attack, and micro
organisms.
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 1717
FRP Structure Pultrusion Technology
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
1818
FRP COOLING TOWER CONSTRUCTION
The complete structure, columns and beams for the Cooling Tower structure are realised with pultruded profiles in fiber reinforced polyester.
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 1919
FRP COOLING TOWER CONSTRUCTION
One FRP main header distributes water in lateral uPVC pipes
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 2020
Design Aspects
INTERACTION BETWEEN CT and SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
COOLING TOWER is NOT LOCATED in a FREE FIELD
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 21
IDEAL CONDITION IDEAL CONDITION
FREE FIELD ISOLATED BODY NO WIND
Warm Air andVisible PlumeAre DispersedIn The Atmosphere
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 22
REAL CONDITIONREAL CONDITION
Large Vortices Are Generated
Small Part of Warm Air is Mixed with Large Amount of Fresh Air
Negligible changes in Inlet air Properties
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 23
STANDARD CONDITIONSTANDARD CONDITION
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN BUILDINGS OBSTRUCTIONS TREES HILLSARE PRESENT
Fresh Air Feeding is reduced
Warm Air Vortices are destroyed
Larger amount of Warm Air is re-sucked in
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 24
STANDARD CONDITIONSTANDARD CONDITION
WHAT HAPPENS WITH More CTs Wind
Feeding is reduced
Warm Air is Deflected …
And sucked in both the CTs
Wakes & Vortices
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 25
RECIRCULATION – INTERFERENCERECIRCULATION – INTERFERENCE
PLUME DISPERSIONPLUME DISPERSION
3 METHODS
ANALYTICAL EXPERIMENTAL COMPUTATIONAL
NAVIER-STOKES
Equations
Simplified Rules
Free Filed
SCALE MODEL
WIND TUNNEL
SOPHISTICATED EQUIPMENT
DEDICATED SW
POWERFUL HD
EXPERTS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 26
RECIRCULATION & INTERFERENCERECIRCULATION & INTERFERENCE
EXPERIMENTAL - 1EXPERIMENTAL - 1
Wind Tunnel
Scaled Model
Warm Air Generator
Plume Generator
Sophisticated Measuring Equipment
Simplifications
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 27
RECIRCULATION & INTERFERENCERECIRCULATION & INTERFERENCE
COMPUTATIONAL - 1COMPUTATIONAL - 1
Detailed Model
Material Properties
Boundary Conditions
All air ParametersAre calculated
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 28
RECIRCULATION & INTERFERENCERECIRCULATION & INTERFERENCE
COMPUTATIONAL - 2 COMPUTATIONAL - 2
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 29
VFD CONTROLVFD CONTROL
Cooling Towers are usually designed for the worst conditions – Peak Summer Conditions.
In Winter conditions the CT is over performing.
The use of a variable Motor speed system can regulate the fan speed and consequently the airflow optimizing the cooling performance.
Fan speed optimization allows: consistent saving in absorbed power. Absorbed power is proportional to the cube of the fan speed so by reducing the fan speed at 50% means reducing the consumption by 12.5%
Drift reduction due to lower air velocity.
Visible plume reduction due to the lower concentration of water in the discharged air.
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 30
SUMMARYSUMMARY
In the CT Design, it is fundamental to consider the mutual interaction between the CT and the surrounding environment.
Surrounding environment can modify the free air circulation generating or intensifying recirculation, interference and plume formation phenomena.
The CT can modify the surrounding environment introducing moisture, fog and chemicals in the air.
Experimental methods can quantitatively estimate the recirculation and the interference but can only qualitatively estimate plume generation and dispersion.
Numerical methods can quantitatively estimate the recirculation, interference, plume generation and dispersion.
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
3131
SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS Using sea water in cooling towers is technically
and economically feasible. Sea water CT can satisfy the cooling needs of
petrochemical industries. No significant O&M complications with seawater
CT is reported Seawater CT economics are favorable as
compared with the once-through system
CTI Journal, Vol 24, No 2
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
3232
SEA WATER COOLING TOWER APPLICATION
Using seawater in cooling towers is technically and economically feasible.
Seawater CT can sattisfy the cooling needs of petrochemical industries.
No significant O&M complications with seawater CT is reported
Seawater CT economics are favorable as compared with the once-through system
CTI Journal, Vol 24, No 2
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 33
DUBAI FESTIVAL CITY50,000 TR- DISTRICT COOLING10 CELLS – CONCRETE COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 34
CASE HISTORYEMIRATES AIRBUS A380 HANGAR DUBAI AIRPORT U.A.E- CUC
Make up - Treated Sewage Effluent
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 35
CASE HISTORY BAHRAIN CITY CENTRE7 CELLS – FRP COOLING TOWERS
HVAC
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
3636
CASE HISTORYBAHRAIN BAY UTILITIES FRP COOLING TOWERS
2 Seawater Cooling Towers
45,000 TR District Cooling Plant for Bahrain Bay
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 37
CASE HISTORYPETRORABIGH REFINING COMPANY; KSATOTAL WATER FLOW- 210,000 m3/hr48 Cells – FRP COOLING TOWERS
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
3838
CASE HISTORYSAHARA AL-WAHA; JUBAIL; KSAFRP COOLING TOWERS
Sea Water Cooling Tower- Petrochemical
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
3939
CASE HISTORYEMIRATES ALUMINIUM (EMAL) ABU DHABI
Largest Seawater Cooling Tower – UAE
Power Plant
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011
4040
CASE HISTORYMESAIEED POWER COMPANY QATAR
3 Sea water Cooling Towers
33 Cells
Power Plant
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 25-26 JANUARY 2011 41
Headquarters
SPIG S.p.A.
P.zza S. Graziano 31
28041 Arona – NO – ITALY
Ph. + 39 0322 245401
SPIG Middle East
LOB 7 Office No 7F09 Opp. Jebel
Ali Post Office, Jebel Ali Free Zone
Dubai – U.A.E. Ph.+9714 8817202 www.spig-int.com
Speaker Eng. Jeevan Joy