eISSN: 2249 - 8621

Journal of Energy, Environment

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May-August 2014

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Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits

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(ISSN: 2249-8621)

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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Editorial Board

Swaminathan GSDivisional Manager, QHSE Brakes India

Limited, Foundry Sholinghur-631102 Vellore , India.

Adel MellitJijel University, Algeria.

Professor Nour T Abdel-Ghani Chemistry Department, Faculty of

Science, Cairo University,Giza, Egypt.

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Editor Journal of Environmental Quality Research

and Development Dept. Metropolitan Water

Reclamation USA. Chicago

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Ukraine.

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Nacional Autónoma de México.

Prof.(Dr.) Jugal KishoreProfessor Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College,

India.

Rakesh Bhutiani Gurukula Kangri University, India.

Dr. Abhijit MitraDepartment of Marine Science

University of CalcuttaIndia.

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Development AlternativesNellore Andhra Pradesh

India.

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Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb Associate Professor Department of Petroleum

and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering

Sultan Qaboos University Oman.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Journal of

Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (JoEECC). The intension of JoEECC is to create an

atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Energy, Environment &

Carbon Credits.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoEECC provides an outlet for Research findings

and reviews in areas Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits found to be relevant for National and

International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

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Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Forecasting Heavy Metal Level on the Basis of Acidification Trend in the Major Estuarine System of Indian Sundarbans

Sufia Zaman, Utpal Kumar De, Prosenjit Pramanick, Subhasree Thakur, Gahul Amin, Pardis Fazli, Abhijit Mitra 1

2. Geospatial Representation of Interdecadal Temperature Variations over Parts of Andhra Pradesh, India using Geographic Information Systems

Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar 10

3. Bioassay Studies on Artemia: A Mini ReviewSelvaraj Sujatha Devi, Poonaiah Gomathi Priya 14

4. How to Improve Energy Management in BangladeshAhmed Mortuza Saleque, Md. Rifat Hazari 19

5. Performance Evaluation of a Save 80 Wood Stove using Controlled Cooking Test MethodS. B. Muhammad, M. U. Kaisan, O. U. Cyprian, F. Sani, M. Abdulkadir 25

ContentsJournal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits

JoEECC (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Forecasting Heavy Metal Level on the Basis of

Acidification Trend in the Major Estuarine System of

Indian Sundarbans

Sufia Zaman1, Utpal Kumar De

2, Prosenjit Pramanick

3, Subhasree Thakur

4, Gahul Amin

5,

Pardis Fazli6, Abhijit Mitra

1* 1Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–

700019, India 2School of Environmental Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India

3Department of Oceanography, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata-700091, India

4Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, 24 Parganas (S)-743372, India

5Department of Physics, Chanchal College, Malda-732123, India

6Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract The authors present here the temporal oscillations of aquatic pH, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)

and lead (Pb) in the ambient media of Hooghly estuary of Indian Sundarbans and

forecast values of these variables in response to acidification phenomenon. The forecast has been done on the basis of 30 years of real-time data (1984–2013). The exponential

smoothening-based forecast reflects the gradual lowering of pH in the estuarine water that has considerable impact on the compartmentation of heavy metals in the mangrove-

dominated estuarine system. The forecast values of selected heavy metals show that after

2040, the biologically available Cu and Pb in surface sediment will be lower than the detectable level, but the concentrations of dissolved Zn, Cu and Pb will exhibit an

increasing trend.

Keywords: Dissolved heavy metals, Biologically available heavy metals in the

sediment, Aquatic pH, Acidification, Exponential smoothening based forecast

JoEECC (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Geospatial Representation of Interdecadal Temperature

Variations over Parts of Andhra Pradesh, India using

Geographic Information Systems

Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar*

Member, Indian Water Resources Society, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract Climate change is one of the holistic phenomena experienced by human beings since

recent decades. Keeping the view of several other hydrometerological factors, this paper

emphasizes the application of geographic information systems to represent temperature

variations observed over parts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Spatio-temporal representation

of thermal variations was presented using cluster and outlier analysis over GIS platform.

For this purpose hot spot analysis was conducted for 1951 to 1990. This part of the work

aims at filtering lower risk areas to higher risk areas in order to facilitate the policy

makers to maintain certain mitigation measures.

Keywords: Hot spot analysis, GIS, Climate change, Spatio-temporal analysis,

Temperature

JoEECC (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Bioassay Studies on Artemia: A Mini Review

Selvaraj Sujatha Devi, Poonaiah Gomathi Priya* Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract The present study illustrates the use of Artemia as the bioindicator organism to detect

pollutants in the environment. Various bioassay studies have been done using Artemia and this review concentrated more on the heavy metal toxicity on this species. It may be

concluded from this review that Artemia was found to be a very resistant organism to heavy metals and it has potential to act as a bioindicator to evaluate pollution in the

environment.

Keywords: Bioassay, Artemia, Heavy metals, Bioindicator

JoEECC (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

How to Improve Energy Management in Bangladesh

Ahmed Mortuza Saleque*, Md. Rifat Hazari* Department of EEE, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Bangladesh

Abstract Energy efficiency and demand response are essential elements in any comprehensive

national energy policy. In Bangladesh energy management is not efficient and there is a lot of work to do in order to make it efficient. Several countermeasures are developed

from various fields of responsibility in order to provide the sufficient and sustainable energy policy. This paper demonstrates how energy system can be managed more

efficiently in Bangladesh. How more efficiently resources can be conserved while

minimizing the cost and climate pollution ensuring permanent access to the energy by the people.

Keywords: Energy Management, Power sector, Power plant, Efficiency, CO2

JoEECC (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Performance Evaluation of a Save 80 Wood Stove using

Controlled Cooking Test Method

S. B. Muhammad2, M. U. Kaisan

1*, O. U. Cyprian2, F. Sani

2, M. Abdulkadir

2

1National Center for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, Energy Commission of Nigeria,

University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 2Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract In this research, the performance evaluation of four selected cook stoves has been

conducted. The wood stoves are: the traditional, three stone stove, the locally fabricated

wood stove, the single hole improved wood stove and the save 80 energy efficient wood stove. These are respectively arranged in the ascending order of their improved

technology in design and development. A weighed amount of fuel wood 2 kg was used to cook 0.55 kg of rice and total time for the cooking process was recorded. Meteorological

parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind

speed were also considered for each test. Finally, the experiment was repeated three times, the averages of the results were taken to minimize error. It was observed that, the

cooking time reduces with improved technology of the stove. Also specific fuel consumptions decrease with improved technology of the stoves. The percentage of fuel

savings increases with improved technology in the stoves. The Save 80 fuel wood stove

had the best thermal performance under all circumstances.

Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Save 80, Controlled Cooking Test, Fuel Wood

Consumption