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ISSN: 2321-5178
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology
(JoPET)
May - August 2014
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
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(ISSN: 2321–5178)
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Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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School of Materials Science and Technology,
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Patna, India
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Gargi Asha Jha
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Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev Raj
Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
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Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Dr. Vineet KumarDepartment of Chemical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
Dr. Abhay Kumar Choubey
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum
Technology, Raebareli, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof VirenderParkash SharmaDept of Petroleum Engineering School
of Mines Dhanbad – 826004 India.
Dr. Atul SharmaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering,
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.
Dr. Reza RezaeeBob L. Herd Dept. of Petroleum
Engineering, Texas Tech University,Lubbock, TX 79409-3111, USA.
Dr. Mohammad RafiqulAwalBob L. Herd Dept. of Petroleum
Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3111, USA.,
United States.
Dr. Ajay Mandal
Department of Petroleum Engineering
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India.
Associate Prof VameghRasouliDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Dr. MayankTyagiCraft & Hawkins Department of
Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA.
Prof. Mohammed KamilChairman Department of Petroleum Studies Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh India.
Prof Hamid Ali Department of Petroleum Studies,
Aligarh Muslim University,AligarhIndia.
Dr. Ravi VadapalliResearch Scientist Adjunct Professor of
Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech University, Lubbock USA.
Editorial Board
Dr. Saman A Aryana Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering University of Wyoming
USA.
Dr. Kiran PatilProfessor Dept. of Petrochemical and
Petroleum Engineering MAEER's, Maharashtra Institute of Technology,
Pune, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Dr. Hamid RahnemaAssistant Professor Department of
Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering The New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology USA.
Dr. Baojun BaiAssociate ProfessorGraduate Coordinator
Petroleum Engineering Missouri University of Science And Technology
USA.
Dr. Pradeep B JadhavProfessor and Head Department of
Petroleum EngineeringMaharashtra Institute of Technology
Pune, India.
Dr. Rakesh ChandraDepartment of Earth Sciences,
University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, (J&K)
India.
Dr. Upendra Singh YadavAssistant Professor & Head
Department of Petroleum Engineering,Dit University, Dehradun, India.
Dr. Somnath NandiAssociate Professor Dept. of Petroleum
and Petrochemical Engineering Maharashtra Institute of Technology,
Pune India.
Dr. Subrata Borgohain GogoiAssociate Professor & Head
Department of Petroleum Technology Dibrugarh University
Dibrugarh Assam.
Editorial Board
Ilham El-MonierMewbourne School of Petroleum and
Geological EngineeringThe University of Oklahoma.
Dr. Akhtar Rasool MirDepartment of Earth Sciences,
University of Kashmir,Srinagar , India
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Ala'a H. Al-MuhtasebAssociate Professor Department of
Petroleum and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering Sultan
Qaboos University Oman.
Ismail Mohd Saaid Department of Petroleum Engineering
University Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak
Malaysia.
Ashish M Gujrathi Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering
Sultan Qaboos UniversityOman.
Borkha Mech DasAssistant Professor
Deptt. of Petroleum TechnologyDibrugarh University
Dibrugarh, Assam.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Journal of
Petroleum Engineering & Technology (JoPET). The intension of JoPET is to create an atmosphere
that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Petroleum Engineering &
Technology.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoPET provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Petroleum Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Petroleum Engineering & Technology.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Recent Advances in Treating Oil Field Produced Water: A Review Subrata Borgohain Gogoi, Animesh Sarma Tamuli 1
2. Pressure Data Analysis and Multilayer Modeling of A Gas-Condensate Reservoir Fatema Akter Happy, Mohammad Shahedul Hossain, Arifur Rahman 7
3. The Effect of Methanol on 512 Methane Hydrate Cage Cluster – A Molecular Dynamics StudyPal S., Kundu T. K. 16
4. Improved Prediction of Fluid Contacts using Calibrated Material Balance ModelsOgbunude B. C., Emenike E., Ebuka A. 25
5. Underbalanced Drilling and Its Advancements: An OverviewSaxena A., Ojha K., Pathak A. K. 37
ContentsJournal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology
JoPET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Recent Advances in Treating Oil Field Produced
Water: A Review
Subrata Borgohain Gogoi*, Animesh Sarma Tamuli Department of Petroleum Technology, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
Abstract Oil field produced water contains substantial quantity of oil and grease and other
suspended particles and therefore, it cannot be disposed off directly or cannot be injected
to the sub surface for secondary recovery purposes keeping in view of the environmental concerns. The water therefore has to be treated suitably. This article summarizes the
various advanced available technologies that can be used for treating the produced water
of Assam keeping in mind not only the safe disposal norms but also if the produced water has to be used as a source of fresh water.
Keywords: Produced water, advanced treatment technology, fresh water, membrane
technology, electrochemistry
JoPET (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Pressure Data Analysis and Multilayer Modeling of
A Gas-Condensate Reservoir
Fatema Akter Happy*, Mohammad Shahedul Hossain, Arifur Rahman Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Abstract Kailastila gas field located at Golapgonj, Sylhet, is one of the largest gas fields in
Bangladesh. It produces a high amount of condensate along with natural gas. For the
high values of GOR, it may be treated as a wet gas at reservoir condition. Three main sand reservoirs are confirmed in this field (upper, middle and lower). In this study, it has
been shown that reservoir parameters of this gas field can be obtained for multilayered
rectangular reservoir with formation cross-flow using pressure and their semi-log derivative on a set of dimensionless-type curve. The effects of the reservoir parameters
such as permeability, skin, storage coefficient, and others such as reservoir areal extent and layering on the wellbore response and pressure are investigated. Shut-in pressures
are used in calculating permeability, skin factor, average reservoir pressure, wellbore
storage effect and other reservoir properties. The direction of the formation cross flow is determined, first by the layer permeability and later by the skin factor. Finally, it is
recommended to perform diagnostic analysis along with multilayer modeling to extract better results. Reservoir can also be considered as a multilayer cylindrical and can also
use these models for other fields.
Keywords: Pressure derivative analysis, Skin factor, Wellbore storage, Permeability,
Multilayer
JoPET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
The Effect of Methanol on 512
Methane Hydrate Cage
Cluster – A Molecular Dynamics Study
Pal S.1*, Kundu T. K.
2
1Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela,
Rourkela, India 2Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
Kharagpur, India
Abstract Molecular dynamic simulation study of methane hydrate cluster having 27 methane
encapsulated pentagonal dodecahedron (512
) hydrate cage with and without presence of
eight methanol molecules in supercell has been performed to evalute the effect of
methanol on the stability and formation of methane hydrate cluster. Methanol is found to act as an effective methane hydrate inhibitor below 30 atm pressure for 240 K and below
90 atm pressure for 250 K. The prediction by this molecular dynamics simulation study is found to be well corresponds with reported experimental results.
Keywords: Methane hydrate, Pentagonal dodecahedron, Gas hydrate inhibitor
JoPET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Improved Prediction of Fluid Contacts using Calibrated
Material Balance Models
Ogbunude B. C., Emenike E., Ebuka A. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Abstract The demand for oil has been on the high in the recent past and will continue as search for
sustainable alternative energy sources intensifies. The exploration and exploitation of oil
from subsurface reservoirs have posed several environmental challenges which include flaring and improper water disposal to name a few, caused by excessive production of gas
and water. Hence, it is important to establish a reservoir performance monitoring scheme
that will ensure that appropriate fluids are produced from the reservoir within the economic producing life of each well-draining a given reservoir by monitoring the fluid
contact levels. Furthermore, appropriate reservoir monitoring will help to improve productivity and recovery of old wells, calibrate predictive reservoir models and identify
opportunities for optimum reservoir development. A key tool used in reservoir
performance monitoring is the post production log, particularly the Pulsed Neutron Capture (PNC) and Pulsed Neutron Spectroscopy (PNS) logs which make use of high
energy neutrons to determine the fluid contacts in the reservoir. This campaign however is very expensive; hence an alternative and less expensive method of determining and
predicting the present and future fluid contacts will be discussed. This involves using
calibrated material balance models to predict the fluid contacts based on the pore volume (voidage) replacement by the displacing fluid. This will help in generating fluid contacts
on a more frequent time interval.
Keywords: Fluid contacts, Reservoir, Material balance models
JoPET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1785 (online), ISSN: 2321-5178 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Underbalanced Drilling and Its Advancements: An
Overview
Saxena A., Ojha K. *, Pathak A. K. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
Abstract Ever increasing global energy demand associated with depletion of conventional
hydrocarbon resources drives exploration and production (E&P) industry to invent
advanced new technologies in frontier areas of drilling, production and reservoir engineering to enhance hydrocarbon production from unconventional resources or
depleted reservoirs. Demand to produce from a low pressure marginal reservoir and the
discoveries of naturally fractured reservoirs lead to the development of new drilling techniques like underbalanced drilling along with other technological advances.
Underbalanced drilling (UBD) technology can overcome a number of problems encountered during drilling, which is otherwise impossible with conventional
overbalanced drilling. However, in-depth understanding of the characteristic behavior of
different components during operation is an essential criteria for efficient application of this technology. In drilling operation, drilling fluid plays a very important role in
controlling the entire operation efficiently without any interruption or damage to the reservoir. Foam-based drilling fluid, one of the most favored techniques of UBD needs a
thorough study for its applicability and smooth functioning under bottom hole condition.
Foam fluid is very much unpredictable for its very sensitive rheological behavior, specifically for small variation in pressure, temperature, and composition along with
other parameters during drilling. Hence, utmost care should be taken for proper
designing of foam-based fluid, failing of which may negatively affect the process. Present paper deals with the developments of foam fluid as an efficient drilling fluid since its
inception, composition and rheology, merits and demerits, comparison with conventional fluids which will help the researchers working in the field to get the intensive information
without consulting a large literature.
Keywords: Underbalanced drilling, Foam, Formation damage, Differential sticking,
Fluid loss