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School of Nautical Studies

NAVIGATION No.6 (Original)(July 06)

Q1

(a) For Ships Head 020C

C 020.0CD 2.5WM 017.5M Ships Head Comp 020.0TV 1.5E Ships Head True 019.0CT 019.0T Compass Error 1.0W

Christ. LtComp Brg 090.0CComp Error 1.0WTrue Bearing 089.0T x 4.0 miles

0800 Position is Lat 55 19.2 NLong 015 04.4 E

(b) Method 1

SQA Navigation Past Papers 1 12/07/2011No 06 July 2006 Original APR

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From Chart

Ground Distance to Pilot Station is 46.7miles

ETA Pilot Station 11.45Fix 08.00Steaming Time 3h45m

Reqd. Ground Speed = G. Distance = 46.7 = 12.45 kts 12.5 ktsTime 3h45m

From Chart

Water Track 016 T Steaming Speed 10.7 knotsLeeway (W) - 3C.T Steer 013 T

T 013.0T C D MV 1.5E 000 5.0W 355.0MM 011.5MD 3.2W 020 2.5E 017.5MC 014.7C 015C 011.5

355.0 017.5

5.0W 2.5W

5.0E ( 16.5 x 2.5) = 3.2W(22.5 )

The Compass Course to Steer is 015C at Steaming Speed of 10.7 knots


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Method 2

To Calculate the drift due to tide

ETA Pilot Station 11.45Fix 08.00Steaming Time 3h45m

Drift = Rate x Time = 2 kts x 3h45m = 7.5 miles

From Chart

Water Track 016 T Water Track Dist 40.2 miles

Leeway (W) - 3C.T Steer 013 T

T 013.0T C D MV 1.5E 000 5.0W 355.0MM 011.5MD 3.2W 020 2.5E 017.5MC 014.7C 015C 011.5

355.0 017.5

5.0W 2.5W

5.0E ( 16.5 x 2.5) = 3.2W(22.5 )

Reqd. Steaming Speed = WT. Distance = 40.2 = 10.7 ktsTime 3h45m

The Compass Course to Steer is 015C at Steaming Speed of 10.7 knots


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Q2

(a)

Draught 5.6 mUKC +1.0 mTotal Depth 6.6 mCharted Depth - 4.7 mReqd Ht of Tide 1.9 m

Times

LW HW

Balboa 12.44 18.47

Difference + 00.17 + 00.17

Muisne 13.01 19.04

Heights

LW HW

Balboa 0.3m 4.5m

S. Corrn Std Pt (9487) (-) -0.2m -0.2m

0.5m 4.7m

Difference + 0.1m - 1.8m

0.5m 2.9m

S. Corrn Sec Pt (9530)(+) NEG NEG

Muisne 0.5m 2.9m


. m

Sea Level

.7m

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Interpolation Heights

LW HW

0.5m 4.7ma a

b b1.1m - 0.1m 4.9m 3.8m

c c

- 0.2m + 0.4m - 1.9m - 1.5m

= - 0.2m + (a x c) = - 1.9m + (a x c)

(b ) (b )

= - 0.2m + (0.6 x 0.6) = - 0.8m + (0.2 x 0.4)(1.2 ) (1.1 )

= - 0.1m = - 1.8m

HW 19.04

LW 13.01Duration 6h03m

From Curve

HW 19.04Interval - 2h50m before HWEarliest Time 16.14

The earliest time the vessel can pass over the bar is 16.14 hrs on8th March


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Q3

(a) Six publications to consult when planning this passage are:

appropriate scale, accurate and up-to-date charts to be usedfor the intended voyage or passage corrected using relevantpermanent or temporary notices to mariners;

existing radio navigational warnings;

accurate and up-to-date sailing directions;

accurate and up-to-date lists of lights;

accurate and up-to-date lists of radio aids to navigation;

current and tidal atlases;

current tide tables;

IMO Routing Guide;

(Note to Students 6 of the above list should be selected stating more than 6 will only result in the first 6 of your answersbeing marked by SQA!)

(b) The methods of position monitoring are:

(i) From Trelleborg to Bornsholmsgat:

Transit astern using the lighthouses on departure

Visual bearings of: Trelleborg Lighthouse

Kullagrund Lighthouse

Ystad Lighthouse (if visible)

Sandhammaran Lighthouse

Radar Ranges of: Trelleborg Lighthouse (Racon)

Kullagrund Lighthouse

Abbekas Point

Revnabben Point

Kasehuvud Point


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(ii) Through Bornsholmsgat:

Visual bearings off: Sandhammaran Lighthouse

Hammeren Lighthouse

Hammerode Lighthouse

Simrishhamn Lighthouse

Radar Ranges off: Hammerode Point

(iii) From Bornsholmsgat to the TSS:

Visual bearings off: Christianso Lighthouse

Simrishhamn Lighthouse

Utklippan Lighthouse (if visible)

Olands Sodra Grund Lighthouse

Olands Sodra Udde Lighthouse

Radar Ranges off: Christianso Island

Utklippan Lighthouse

Hano Island

Olands Sodra Grund Lighthouse

Olands Sodra Udde Point


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(c) Rule 10 if the IRPCS states:

(d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can

safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent trafficseparation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres inlength, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may usethe inshore traffic zone.

(ii) Notwithstanding sub-paragraph (d) (i), a vessel may use aninshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshoreinstallation or structure, pilot station or any other place situatedwithin the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.

Since neither the vessel nor the passage planned conform to the

exceptions to the rule, then the vessel MUST use the appropriate trafficlane unless the vessel has to avoid immediate danger.

(d) The adoption of a TSS can be found in:

IMO Routing GuideSailing DirectionsThe appropriate BA chart

(Note to Students 2 of the above list should be selected stating morethan 2 will only result in the first 2 of your answers being marked bySQA!)

(e) To Calculate Luminous Range

Met Visibility 5 milesNominal Range 26 miles

From Luminous Range Diagram

The Luminous Range is 15 miles

To Calculate Geographical Range

Height of Eye 4.5 metresElevation 41.0 metres

From Geographical Range Table

Geographical Range is 16.9 miles

The earliest the light would be seen would be at 15 miles


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Q4

Lat A 33 20.0N MP A 2110.56Lat B -37 45.0N MP B -2434.93DLat 4 25.0N DMP 324.37

= 265N

Long A 135 20.0ELong B 123 10.0WDLong 101 30.0E

= 6090E

To Calculate the Course

Tan Co = DLongDMP

= 6090327.37

Tan Co = 18.60280

Co = N 86.9 E = 086.9T

To Calculate the Distance

Dist = DLatCos Co

= 265Cos 086.4

Dist = 4936.9 + 325 = 5260.9miles

The Track is 087T

The Distance is 5261 miles


Co

DMP

DLong

Co

Lat Dist

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the steaming time if the average speed was 16knots;

Time = Distance = 5260.9 = 328 hrs 52 minsSpeed 16

= 13 days 16 hours 52 minutes

To Calculate the ETA San Francisco if the vessel sails at 1600hrsStandard time on 17th March 2000.

ETD Osaka Std Time 28th 18h 00m

Std Time Japan - 09h 00mETD Osaka UTC 28th 09h 00m

Steaming Time + 13d 16h 52mETA San Francisco UTC 42nd 01h 52m

- 31ETA San Francisco UTC 11th 01h 52m

Std Time California - 08h 00mETA San Fran Std Time 10th 17h 52m

The ETA San Francisco Standard Time is 18.00 on 10th November


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Q5

Since the casualty is still visible, then the Single Turn can be performed which

is preferable to the Williamson Turn. This manoeuvre returns the vessel to thecasualty much more quickly and creates an excellent lee in which to launchthe rescue craft, but relies on the casualty remaining visible.

Immediate actions are:

Wheel put in Hand steering (Man on the wheel) and hard over to Portordered (towards the casualty)

Release MoB Lifebuoy ensuring the smoke float is activated

Lookouts posted

Call Master

Sound 3 long blasts on the ships whistle and alarm systems

Engines to Standby and reduce speed

Position (and Time) recorded (MoB activated on ECDIS/GPS)

Hoist O Flag

Subsequent actions are:

Complete single turn to a course of approximately 233T

Prepare the rescue craft,

Muster and brief the boat crew

Slow the vessel to a safe speed to launch the rescue craft

Guide Rescue craft towards the casualty using VHF/Flags

Rig searchlights at night

Have blankets and 1st Aid Kits to hand to receive the casualty

Prepare the hospital to receive the casualty

Once the rescue craft is away, manoeuvre the vessel to create a lee torecover the rescue craft

Send Pan Pan message to vessels in the vicinity if the casualty visible,Mayday message if casualty is lost and assistance is required

If casualty is lost commence expanding square/sector search


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