60
JUN
2008 ISSUE 41
JUN 2008 ISSUE 41
WiMAX heats up
Mobile TV - A great opportunity for WiMAX
The Compact WiMAX - Small is big
KT’s mobile WiMAX business model
WiMAX Forum unveils first certified kit vendors
Wireless broadband commercial application
accelerates
Sponsor: Huawei COMMUNICATE
Editorial Board,
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Consultants: Hu Houkun, Xu Zhijun, Xu Wenwei
Tao Jingwen, Yu Chengdong, Wan Biao
Zhao Ming, Yu Xiangping
Huang Chaowen, Hou Jinlong
Editor-in -Chief: Gao Xianrui ([email protected])
Editors: Liu Zhonglin, Xu Peng, Pan Tao, Xue Hua
Xu Ping, Chen Yuhong, Zhou Huajiao, Yao Haifei
Huang Zhuojian, Li Xuefeng, Zhou Shumin
Contributors:
Tang Xinhong, Shao Yang, Zhu Haobing
Zhou Jianhua, Li Changzhu, Wu Hui
Xie Jingping, Lu Xingang, Xu Peizhong
Ma Fulin, Yao Zheng, Zhu Xinlin, Guo Hua
Yan Yun, Wang Zhanqiang, Zhou Guoan
Xiong Xianjun, Kim Chang, Mao Weihua
Xue Ying, Yang Guangzhao, Zhao Yahui
Hou Xinfeng, Liao Qian, Hou Yingzhen
Tel: +86 755 28780808
Fax: +86 755 28356180
Address: A10, Huawei Industrial Base,
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China 518129
E-mail: [email protected]
Publication registration No.: Yue B No.10148
The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to change or withdrawal according to specific customer requirements and conditions.
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.No part of this issue may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
The communication industry is experiencing a wave of unprecedented changes. The transformation from fixed voice and data to mobile services is driving the increasing importance and prevalence of wireless broadband.
Gartner predicts Internet data traffic will increase by over 10 times during the next five years. Moreover, Dell’Oro forecasts that the number of global wireless broadband access subscribers will exceed 3 million during 2008, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 100%. By 2012, this figure will have risen by almost 100 times to 270 million subscribers, over 90% of whom will benefit from WiMAX technology.
After WiMAX joins the ITU IMT2000 standards, a complete industry chain will be formed that comprises chips, equipment, and systems. Currently, there are around 500 members of the WiMAX Forum, including over 30 terminal manufacturers and more than 10 chip vendors. Owing to the relative decentralization of WiMAX IPR coupled with the participation of numerous IT enterprises, terminals have become inexpensive and diversified. In terms of standards and industry maturity, WiMAX forms one of the best choices for wireless broadband provision. Indeed, it is widely expected to become one of the mainstream standards for future mobile broadband.
At present, more and more mobile operators, fixed network operators, emerging operators, and IT entrepreneurs are all involved in WiMAX network deployment. By the end of 2007, approximately 200 WiMAX networks had been deployed worldwide. In the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, Africa, and CIS, WiMAX has been widely applied as a means of supplying wireless DSL services. In developed countries in Europe and America, most operators employ WiMAX to present portable and nomadic data services to realize differentiated competition.
Huawei has remained confident regarding the potential of wireless broadband technology, including WiMAX, and as such has been actively stepping up related investment. In 2001, Huawei began researching the IEEE802.16 and WiMAX standards. Since then, it has hosted both IEEE and WiMAX forums on a number of occasions, while greatly contributing to the TWG/NWG/16m/16j fields. In 2006, Huawei initiated the development of IEEE802.16e products. Underpinned by a 4th generation BTS platform, the products share OFDMA/MIMO/AAS core technologies with LTE/UMB, thus facilitating the quick release of competitive products and end-to-end solutions. In 2007, South Africa’s Vodacom, Russia’s Summa, Saudi Arabia’s STC, Bulgaria’s TransTelecom, and America’s NextWave utilized Huawei’s WiMAX products and solutions. As of May 2008, Huawei had deployed 19 IEEE802.16e commercial networks and 35 trial networks.
The global wireless broadband market has leapt into a phase of rapid development. Huawei’s innovative wireless broadband solutions are certain to assist operators garner commercial success in the wireless broadband arena.
Embracing wireless broadband
Zhao Ming
President of Huawei WiMAX Product Line
Cover Story
12 WiMAX heats upBy Guan Zhenzhen & Liu Zhonglin
After years of development, WiMAX earned its place as part of the ITU IMT2000 standards and became one of the 3G standards in October 2007. Increasingly more operators have gravitated towards WiMAX.
What’s inside:
P.18 P.43
Expert’s Forum
05 WiMAX calls for a cohesive ecosystem
By Mohammad Shakouri from WiMAX Forum
01 DSL substitution to drive mobile WiMAX
04 Huawei demonstrates innovative WiMAX
solutions at WiMAX MEGNA Forum
Global Digest
01 WiMAX Forum unveils first certified kit vendors
23 WiMAX terminal spurs industry development
By Han Song
Mature chips and diversified terminals are the catalyst for rapid development of the WiMAX industry.
09 IEEE 802.16 - The 4G pioneerBy Roger Marks from NextWave Wireless
07 Internet goes mobileBy Ye Weichen from Intel
Main Topic
19 Wireless broadband commercial application accelerates
By Yang Hu & Yao Zheng
P.37 P.34P.19
39 Wireless broadband ushers in a new age
By Liu Wang & Peng Hong
41 Choosing the right partner for GSM data services
By Zhang Ruizhao & Mao Weihua
43 When WiMAX meets IMSBy Wen Yulin
49 Multi-antenna sharpens WiMAX’s competitiveness
By Deng Chunmei
Interview
25 Setting sail for WiMAXAn Interview with Tang Xinhong, Vice President of Huawei WiMAX Product Line
By Wang Tao from Communications World Weekly
Let’s COMMUNICATE beyond technology and share understandings of the latest industry trends,
successful operational cases, leading technologies and more. Based on in-depth analysis of the
matters that lie close to your heart, we will help you stay on top in the competitive telecom industry.
How to Operate
28 KT’s mobile WiMAX business model
By Zhao Yahui
31 Refined WiMAX 16e network planning
By Zhang Congling & Xie Guozhu
37 The Compact WiMAX - Small is bigBy Zhang Youzhi
To achieve great things, an abundance of effort and an eye for details are both prerequisite. The same premise applies to WiMAX development.
Solution
34 Mobile TV - A great opportunity for WiMAX
By Cao Jie
Leading Edge
46 New enhancements in WiMAXBy Sean McBeath & Jin Lei
GLOBAL DIGEST
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 411
News
WiMAX Forum unveils first certified kit vendors
The WiMAX Forum unveiled the
first mobile WiMAX products to
receive its official stamp of approval.
Eight products, manufactured
by four vendors, were announced
at the WiMAX Forum Congress Asia
2008, held in Singapore. Each of
the eight certified products operates
in the 2.3GHz frequency band
using 8.75MHz channels, which is
the spectrum allocation of Korea
Telecom's WiBro service, and each
have "Wave 1" certification status,
that is, they don't have MIMO or
smart antenna technology.
"This is a great day for the
WiMAX ecosystem," said Ron
Resnick, chairman and president of
the WiMAX Forum. "Certification
gives choice for service providers
and end consumers, and with
dozens of other products in line
for certification, it is a sign of a
healthy ecosystem."
For the 2.5GHz frequency band,
which is used by Sprint Nextel, the
WiMAX Forum expects certified
mobile products to be ready in
the third quarter and will start
immediately with Wave 2, for both
5MHz and 10MHz channels.
"By the end of 2011 we will have
more than 1,000 certified mobile
products, and this is not counting
consumer electronics devices and
the hundreds of other PC products
that are embedded with pre-WiMAX
Forum certified modems," said
Resnick.
The WiMAX Forum reports
there are 260 commercial WiMAX
deployments, fixed and mobile, in
more than 110 countries around the
world.
DSL substitution to drive mobile WiMAX
The 802.16e mobile WiMAX
standard looks placed to be a DSL
substitution technology over the next
five years, according to analysts.
Juniper Research forecasts mobile
WiMAX to substitute 12 percent of
DSL and other mobile broadband
subscriber deployments by 2013,
representing around 47 million
subscribers. The research house said
that the top WiMAX regions for DSL
substitution will be the Far East and
North America, followed by Western
Europe and Africa/Middle East.
Juniper analyst Howard Wilcox
said: "We determined that the vast
majority of the WiMAX 802.16e trials
and network contracts which are being
announced almost daily will begin by
providing fixed broadband. WiMAX
can deliver broadband not only to
unwired areas, but can also improve
speeds for subscribers who are on the
fringe of DSL coverage in metropolitan
areas. We anticipate that mobile usage
will develop after initial demand for
fixed and portable services."
Global WiMAX service revenues,
as a DSL replacement technology,
will grow to over USD20bn per
annum by 2013. However, the
research house warns that if mobile
WiMAX is to fulfill its fixed-lined
potential, two factors must fall into
place: availability of suitable devices,
and timely network construction.
Juniper estimates there are over 250
trial 802.16e WiMAX networks globally,
with a small but growing number of
commercial networks in service.
Huawei holds 2008 Global Industry Analyst SummitHuawei hosted more than 40
industry analysts from all over the
world at the company's headquarters
in Shenzhen, on April 25, 2008. The
analysts represented 18 global market
research companies.
Huawei used the two-day event
to highlight its achievements in 2007
and to provide business updates on
each of its major product lines. Huawei
also explained its forecasts on industry
trends, its development direction and
technology roadmaps, as well as the
benefits, such as cost-savings, that the
company brings to its customers.
At the summit Huawei announced
that its global contract sales in 2007
reached USD16 billion, representing
a year-on-year growth of over 42
percent and that 72 percent of its
total contract sales were generated
from international markets.
BT Italia gets WiMAX plans moving
A r e c e n t l y e s t a b l i s h e d
collaboration between BT's Italian
operation, BT Italia, and AriaDSL, a
local DSL provider that also holds
3.5GHz spectrum across most of
Italy, will see the two companies
aiming for commercial WiMAX
deployment early next year.
U n d e r t h e t e r m s o f t h e
agreement, BT Ital ia wi l l use
AriaDSL's wireless services to add
to its offering of ICT solutions for
its business customers, such as
point-to-point data services, while
AriaDSL is to use BT Italia's network
management expertise to speed
up time-to-market for commercial
WiMAX deployment.
BT Italia views WiMAX as a
"must have" alternative broadband
technology to DSL and f ibre
in a country such as Italy that
has a mountainous terrain and
where customers can often be
sparsely distributed. BT Italia has a
15,000km fibre optic network in
Italy.
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41 2
Data
15 millionIntel has ploughed RM50 million
(USD15 million) of investment into
Green Packet, the parent company
Packet One Networks, a WiMAX
licence holder in Malaysia.
Packet One is one of four WiMAX
licence holders in Malaysia in the
2.3GHz band. It is aiming to launch
commercial mobile WiMAX services.
Although the 2.3GHz band is used in
Korea it is not expected that Korean
vendors will become WiMAX suppliers
in the Malaysian market. KT's WiBro
service operates in 8.75MHz channels
while the Malaysian 2.3Ghz operators
use 5MHz and 10MHz channels.
A l t h o u g h t h e M a l a y s i a n
Communications and Multimedia
Commission (MCMC) awarded the
four 2.3GHz licences in March 2007,
not one of the WiMAX players has
launched commercial service so far.
133 millionThe WiMAX Forum, a wireless
broadband industry group, is projecting
that there will be more than 133 million
WiMAX users globally by the year
2012.
The forecast, which is based on
an independently commissioned
research study, also predicts that
around 70% of WiMAX users in
2012 will utilize mobile and portable
versions of the technology to access
the Internet on smartphones and
other mobile devices.
A key driver of WiMAX subscriber
growth, according to the report,
will be ambitious adoption of the
technology in specific regions,
especially in Asia-Pacific and the
Americas. The expansion of WiMAX
will make high-speed Internet access
available in many sparsely populated
areas for the first time.
29Italy’s communications ministry
has received a total of 29 offers for
an upcoming auction of WiMAX
broadband spectrum, according to a
statement by officials.
The list of companies that intend
to bid includes Italy’s incumbent
telecom operator, Telecom Italia,
as well as mobile phone carrier,
Wind Telecommunicazioni, and
broadband Internet provider,
FASTWEB.
“The presentation of 29 offers for
WiMAX frequencies is a positive and
important premise for the auction
which is about to start,” commented
Italy’s Minister of Communications,
Paolo Gentiloni.
24 billionAs part of the restructuring of
China's state-controlled telecom
industry, mobile operator China
Unicom will acquire fixed line operator
China Netcom in a share swap valued
at about USD24 billion and will sell two
of its smaller wireless properties to fixed
line operator China Telecom and its
parent for nearly USD16 billion in cash.
The new deals will create more
competition for China Mobile,
which is currently the largest wireless
carrier in the world with 400 million
subscribers. China Unicom, with only
160 million subscribers, has been
constrained because it had to operate
two separate nationwide networks
using different technologies.
Sprint spins off WiMAX unit into new ClearwireSprint spins off its wireless
broadband operat ion into a
partnership with Clearwire, Intel,
Google and a number of cable
players. This reconciliation is known
as the new Clearwire, as well as the
Xohm brand.
Meanwhile, Intel , Google,
Comcast, Time Warner Cable and
Bright House Networks will invest a
total of USD3.2bn and take 22 per
cent chunk in the company. Sprint
will hold onto the remaining 51 per
cent.
For their individual parts, Intel will
work with gadget makers to embed
WiMAX chips into Centrino 2 laptops
and other Intel-based mobile Internet
devices (MIDs), and will market
Clearwire's service in association
with its notebook PC brand. Google
will participate in the development
of Internet services, advertising
services and applications for mobile
WiMAX devices, as well as enjoying
the position of nominated search
provider and preferred provider of
other applications. Google's Android
operating system will also get a look
in on future voice and data devices
for the service. Sprint, Comcast,
Time Warner and Bright House will
forge wholesale agreements with
the new Clearwire for the retail sale
of mobile WiMAX services and all
the operators will also enter into 3G
wholesale agreements with Sprint.
Interest ing ly, Google and
Intel also have the options to
enter into 3G and 4G wholesale
agreements with Clearwire and
Sprint respectively, potentially paving
the way for Google to become an
Internet service provider. Google also
cleans up with Sprint, becoming the
default provider of web and local
search services, as well as getting
several of its applications preloaded
on Sprint mobile phones.
The transaction is expected to be
completed during the fourth quarter.
The new Clearwire is targeting a
WiMAX network deployment that
will cover between 120 million and
140 million people in the US by the
end of 2010.
MegaFon launches WiMAX network
Russia's third largest mobile
opera to r, MegaFon, s ta r ted
commercial service over a large scale
WiMAX network in the Samara
region.
The WiMAX network covers a
total population of over 32 million as
well as businesses in a 2,500 square
kilometre region. It operates in a
wide frequency range - 5.150GHz to
6.080GHz - and in different channel
sizes: 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz.
MegaFon began testing WiMAX
in 2006 and now with its large-scale
launch in the Samara region the
mobile operator is contributing to a
burgeoning WiMAX market in the
country's regions outside Moscow
and St. Petersburg.
The two most ambitious WiMAX
players in Russia are Enforta and
Synterra. Enforta has already
announced plans to have WiMAX
operational in 65 cities by the end
of the year, primarily in the 5.2GHz
frequency band. Synterra plans to
build "mini" 802.16e mobile WiMAX
networks in 1,000 towns and cities
where it has 2.5 - 2.7GHz spectrum
rights.
GLOBAL DIGEST
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 413
Huawei News
Huawei and Optus join forces to open Australian Mobile Innovation Centre
Sydney, Australia, 19 May 2008
Huawei has joined with Optus in
developing a world class Mobile
Innovation Centre, located in
Sydney aimed at accelerating the
adoption of high speed mobile
and wireless broadband.
The Mobile Innovation Centre
will be equipped with the latest
Huawei next generation mobile
and wireless broadband equipment
and technologies and will leverage
the company's global leadership in
mobile research and development.
The work executed at the Mobile
Innovation Centre will help deliver
new technologies and products to
Optus, one of Australia's leading
telecommunication companies, and
improve their future mobile network
quality and performance.
Expans ive tes t laboratory
facilities will be a key feature of the
Mobile Innovation Centre which
will accommodate both workshop
and training areas. Engineers will
take products from the technical
concept stage through extensive
testing and development to the
delivery of a commercial product
to be launched to market.
Joint Huawei and Optus teams
will soon begin working together
on various projects that will take
full advantage of this new facility.
The Sydney based Mobi le
Innovation Centre is expected to be
fully operational by August 2008 and
will be a multi-million investment
into the Australian telecoms industry.
Responsive to China quake and engaged in telecom service restoration
Shenzhen, China, 14 May 2008
Huawei actively participated in
the earthquake relief efforts and
reinstallment of telecom services in
Sichuan, China.
A severe earthquake measured at
a magnitude of 8.0 hit Wenchuan,
Sichuan on 12 May 2008. Afflicted
areas were completely battered
and communications facilities and
services destroyed.
Huawe i fo rmed a spec ia l
relief team led by the company's
C h a i r w o m a n a n d r e a c h e d
Chengdu, capita l of S ichuan
province immediately after the
quake.
In the aftermath, time very
often equals to life. To accelerate
the process of telecom service
restoration, Huawei transports
emergency telecom faci l it ies,
technical experts and engineers
using chartered airplanes, to save
as much time as possible.
In the meant ime, Huawei
pooled over one hundred telecom
experts from all over country
and set up an on-spot team to
work around the clock with the
company's Sichuan Office.
The grief and sufferings of affected
people resonate deeply with
Huawei. The company donated
CNY5 mi l l ion (approximately
USD714,200), while employees
are also busy making voluntary
donations.
Named Vendor of the Year and Broadband Equipment Vendor of the Year by Frost & Sullivan
Singapore, 24 May 2008 Huawei
announced that it has been named
Vendor of the Year and Broadband
Equipment Vendor of the Year at
the 2008 Frost & Sullivan Asia-
Pacific ICT Awards, based on its
outstanding performance in the
region in 2007.
In 2007, Huawei won many
s i gn i f i can t 3G/UMTS , NGN,
broadband and optical contracts
in Asia. In the mobile network
field Huawei works with the likes
of StarHub in Singapore, Optus in
Australia, NZ Communications in
New Zealand, EMOBIE in Japan,
Reliance and TATA Indicom in India,
Bharti Airtel and Mobitel in Sri
Lanka, Telkom in Indonesia, Digitel
in Philippines, and Camshin in
Combodia.
In the broadband network
field, Huawei offers comprehensive
broadband solutions including
DSL and optical access solutions.
According to Gartner, Huawei
ranked No.1 in the global IP DSLAM
market as of the fourth quarter of
2007, with products deployed in
more than 96 countries around
the world, and serving about 150
million users. In optical access
sector, Huawei has invested heavily
in innovative and advanced End
to End Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
network solutions, which have
been deployed in large scale by
world leading operators, including
Telecom Italia, Etisalat, China
Telecom and China Netcom etc.
Huawei has established 16
branch offices across Asia-Pacific,
with its products deployed in over
20 countries in the region.
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41 4
Demonstrates innovative WiMAX solutions at WiMAX MEGNA Forum
Dubai, UAE, 13 March 2008 Huawei
announced during the WiMAX
MEGNA Forum that it is rolling out its
new generation WiMAX solution. The
new technology is an ALL IP solution
that can deploy WiMAX with GSM,
CDMA, UMTS, HSPA, IMS, NGN and
DSL integrated networks, and enables
operators to provide its subscribers
with advanced high-speed mobile
broadband services.
The new WiMAX station applies
the innovative technologies of
highly-efficient power amplifiers,
multi-carrier, distributed architecture
and intelligent temperature controls.
By adopting this solution, operators
are able to save energy, materials,
land, and labor, reduce carbon
dioxide emissions by over 60%,
and reduce at least 30% of the
general operation's expenditure.
Thus, environmental protection and
economic profits can be achieved
simultaneously.
At the event, Huawei also
arranged an on-site booth in which
it showcased its newest WiMAX
technology. Visitors to the booth
were able to experience a full
demonstration of WiMAX and its
benefits. The demo includes VoIP,
VOD, Video calls and high-speed
broadband services.
Maintains worldwide No.1 position in mobile softswitchesShenzhen, China, 30 May 2008
Huawei has announced that it
remains as the market leader in
mobile softswitches and that it
increased its worldwide market
share of mobile softswitches in
2007 from 31.2%.to 43.7%
According to a recent In-Stat
report ("Global Mobile Softswitch
Market 2008 Update: Big Growth,
New Value"), more than 85%
of newly-built cellular networks
(2G/3G) are using softswitch
p lat forms and an increas ing
number of service providers in
North America, Europe, Middle
East and Asia-Pacific have begun to
upgrade their mobile core networks
using softswitches.
Huawei's softswitches are
used by China Mobile to run the
world's largest ALL IP mobile
softswitch network and Huawei's
comprehensive experience extends
to all areas of the IP core network. As
a leading proponent of ALL IP core
networks, Huawei continues to add
new technologies and new features
to its solutions, such as MSC Pool,
embedded IMS functions and fixed-
mobile convergence capabilities.
Huawei mobile softswitches
provide services to 730 million
subscribers in over 90 countries,
more than 140 operators, including
Vodafone, Orange, Telefonica,
KPN, China Mobile, China Unicom,
Reliance, TATA and Etisalat.
Selected by M1 to build its mobile network in SingaporeSingapore, 13 May 2008 Huawei
has announced that it has been
chosen by Mobile One (M1) to deploy
all the operator's ALL IP GSM, 3G,
HSPA (High-speed Packet Access) and
LTE systems over the next five years.
Singapore's Mobile One (M1), one
of the most innovative mobile and
wireless broadband operators in the
region, selected Huawei to support the
future expansion and upgrade of the
company's 3G and HSPA network that
include both the CORE and UTRAN
whole network spans. Under the terms
of the contract, Huawei has been given
the task of implementing an end-to-
end ALL IP network to meet M1's
future requirements.
Neil Montefiore, M1's CEO, said:
"We have chosen Huawei as a partner
who is in the forefront of current
and new technologies and with a
robust commitment to research and
development. Their capabilities will
greatly support and complement our
efforts to plan ahead to deliver mobile
and other services that will meet the
future needs of our customers."
Opens Global Technical Assistance Centre in SpainMalaga, Spain, 18 May 2008
Telefónica Group president César
Alierta and Huawei president Ren
Zhengfei have officially inaugurated
the Global Technical Assistance Centre
(GTAC) in the Málaga Technology
Park in Spain. The centre will provide
technical support services to operators
in all Spanish speaking countries.
The centre will eventually employ
up to 50 professionals, most of them
are engineers specialising in areas
such as wireless, broadband, data and
core network technologies. With this
opening, Huawei is taking an important
new step in its growth strategy in
Spain. Currently, Huawei has more than
300 professionals working in different
offices in the country, 60% of whom
are local employees.
The presidents of Telefónica
and Huawei have also signed a
cooperation agreement with the aim
of creating an Innovation Centre. This
innovation centre will focus on fixed
and mobile broadband technologies,
services, applications and software
and core network solutions.
EXPERT’S FORUM
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 415
Dr. Mohammad Shakouri, Vice President of Marketing for WiMAX Forum, has 24 years’ experience in wireless systems, microwaves, and fiber optical networks. In addition to his position with the WiMAX Forum, Dr. Shakouri is on the board of directors for the Wireless Communications Association, and is the chairman of 2005 IEEE MTT-SVC.
EXPERT’S FORUM
Huge potential
esearch that we conducted in the USA testifies that subscribers’ largest communication-based investment will emerge to be
in wireless broadband. One of the greatest challenges operators have encountered is establishing ways to maximize Internet-derived revenue. Unlike existing mobile cellular systems or the Internet, mobile Internet provides more than just Internet access for mobile phones. In my opinion, the advent of WiMAX will quickly bring the mobile Internet era to global users.
In Apri l 2008, broadband access subscribers accounted for 350 million of the 1.1 billion global Internet users, which is proportionately low. In a number of advanced and emerging countries, broadband provision encapsulates GDP, economic growth, and social development. G l o b a l l y, b r o a d b a n d p o t e n t i a l i s enormous.
WiMAX mainly operates in the 2.3 - 2.7GHz range, although 3.5GHz remains its reserved band. Recently, WiMAX began to occupy 700MHz, which provides 5 - 10MB channels to meet peak traffic needs. By September 2007, WiMAX network
WiMAX calls for a cohesive ecosystem
By Mohammad Shakouri
Without a mature industry chain, no communication technology can be rapidly developed or applied. As an open technology, WiMAX necessitates a stable industry environment that is accessible and responsive, and that operates in an innovative and structured manner. In these terms, WiMAX certification is intended to expedite WiMAX maturity.
R
Huawei Technologies
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41 6
precise business model, a definite means of Internet access, and products that are deliverable to end-users. The definition of WiMAX, therefore, should represent more than a type of device; mature WiMAX deployment necessitates a diverse range of products that spans both applications and services. Its viability, moreover, must be underpinned by case studies that testify to its effective commercial usage. An expedient business model should accommodate subscr iber needs and facilitate a platform capable of yielding value and benefit. A successful WiMAX solution should adapt itself to local culture and application environments, and form a catalyst for society’s future development that is both positive and beneficial.
We do not view WiMAX as a competing technology. It possesses a different business model from the Internet, and boasts high potentiality. WiMAX is built on ALL IP architecture, and its infrastructure lends an evolutionary slant towards ALL IP. Some technologies, including TD-SCDMA and Wi-Fi, can be integrated into both WiMAX and 3G. For example, WiMAX has been integrated with Wi-Fi in Taiwan to provide services that include medical treatment, E-government, and remote education.
A successful WiMAX solution cannot exist without the roaming function that allows subscribers to use its service anywhere, anytime. While the number of subscribers is increasing, WiMAX can be deployed flexibly to mirror an actual scenario. Small and medium-sized operators can realize less expansive schemes that cover a confined location, for example, a ship, or smaller geographical regions. Larger operators can in turn approach larger regions, or nationwide projects.
In order to prov ide the roaming function, WiMAX has to be integrated with other technologies, for example, 3G or Wi-Fi. In a similar way to Wi-Fi terminals and other cellular terminals, most WiMAX terminals support a wide variety of access modes. WiMAX enables wireless access not only for portable computers , PADs, UMPC and PAS terminals, but also for electronic devices that support Skype, YouTube, Facebook, videophone and the Internet.
Certification is accelerating
With the active support of vendors, the WiMAX Forum has established a holistic certification mechanism. A key aspect heightening the momentum of WiMAX deve lopment de r i ve s f rom va r ious certifications, including 802.16d for fixed WiMAX and 802.16e for mobile WiMAX.
In January 2006, the WiMAX Forum announced the first batch of 33 certified fixed WiMAX products. At present, the Forum is certifying products that support both mobile and fixed WiMAX products. In April 2008, eight mobile WiMAX products - four BTSs and four subscriber terminals - passed rigorous testing and received certification. Mobile WiMAX products operate at 2.3GHz, and the progress of both BTS devices and subscriber terminals will further advance the development of WiMAX operations in the 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz bands. To date, several dozen mobile WiMAX products - operating between 2.3GHz and 2.5GHz - have been registered. It is estimated that, by the end of 2008, over 100 WiMAX products will have been certified, and that this figure will exceed 1,000 by the end of 2011.
Up until now, the WiMAX Forum has established six laboratories: one in each of China, South Korea, Spain, and the USA, and two in Taiwan. In order to satisfy increasing certification requirements, the WiMAX Forum plans to build two more laboratories in India and Japan, which are expected to begin operating at the end of 2008.
F i n a l l y, I t h i n k t h a t o t h e r 3 G t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d m o b i l e Wi M A X complement each other and can co-exist. Integral to the rapid development of WiMAX is an accessible, stable and mature industrial environment. The WiMAX market cannot achieve lift-off without close cooperation between all its stakeholders. WiMAX certification ensures that different vendors’ WiMAX devices comply with related standards and are interoperable across a WiMAX network.
spectrums covered 2.7 billion people across the world but, at present, we are seeking to increase bandwidth resources. In South Korea, broadband access has rapidly developed, and fiber access can provide a single bandwidth exceeding 100MB. In some regions, however, operators can provide a bandwidth of just 10MB and urgently require higher bandwidth capacity to respond to future service needs.
WiMAX has been swiftly implemented on a world-wide scale, and numerous o p e r a t o r s r e m a i n f o c u s e d o n i t s application. In Russia, Japan and Australia, enterprises are proactively developing the WiMAX service. Data indicates that in September 2007, around 500 WiMAX trial projects were in operation around the world. By April 2008, WiMAX had been successfully deployed in over 100 countries, with more than 260 schemes in commercial use. The Asia Pacific Region embodies the first potential market to which WiMAX is likely to be widely deployed. However, WiMAX is currently in its infancy, and we are looking forward to its evolution and, by 2010, a wide subscriber base. In the future, WiMAX is expected to be deployed by over 500 operators in more than 200 regions.
A cohesive ecosystem
As with any new technology, WiMAX relies on a suitable industry chain to realize successful, large-scale commercial deployment. Over 20 corporations are actively developing WiMAX terminals, and 19 have successfully developed WiMAX chips. As an emerging industry, it requires a competitive environment and system openness to hasten and guarantee progress. Furthermore, different vendors’ WiMAX devices must possess the capability for interconnection and interoperability.
The members of the WiMAX Forum include numerous international vendors. Huawei, for example, has already enjoyed much succe s s in t e rms o f WiMAX technology. Many corporat ions are establishing WiMAX platforms to transport various content and applications, and are thus driving the WiMAX industry ahead.
WiMAX demands a professional and Editor: Michael [email protected]
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Enabling convergent billing via OCS
Dr. Ye Weichen is the CTO of Intel China’s WiMAX Program Office. Previously, he held positions with HP and Lucent. In July 2007, Dr. Ye joined Intel as its WiMAX Program Office’s CTO under Intel China. In this post, Dr. Ye leads the WiMAX Standardization Research Team and is responsible for promoting WiMAX technologies across China.
EXPERT’S FORUM
By Dr. Ye Weichen
What are the “killer applications”?
e sp i t e d i f f e r ing op in ions r e g a rd i n g t e c h n o l o g i c a l deve lopment for wi re l e s s broadband networks , the
shared and long-term goal across the industry remains the convergence of wireless broadband applications. At present, divergent opinions relate to competing technologies. The first concerns the evolution from traditional mobile telecom to mobile broadband, including LTE and UMB. The second focuses
on fixed broadband Internet evolution to mobile Internet, such as WiMAX. Rather than giving a detailed analysis of technological development, this article focuses on the question crucial to any technological genre: what are the “killer applications” for mobile Internet?
Many current Internet applications can be described as “killer”. Notable examples are Amazon’s and eBay’s e-commerce sites, Wikipedia’s information integration platform, Google’s search engine, MSN’s instant messaging tool, Skype’s VoIP, and YouTube’s streaming media. The mobile Internet, of course, also requires its own, similar killer applications. An example is
IPTV, which has already been the subject of numerous discussions and attempts. However, I personally believe that the real killer application already exists in the form of mobile Internet itself. It embodies a “born killer” - all applications sprout from and thrive on the same mobile Internet platform.
Wireless broadband development mainly faces the following challenges: the capacity required for wide coverage; a c c e p t a b l e s e r v i c e s t a n d a rd s ; t h e coexistence of various radio signals; the provision of simple and extendable network structures; forward and backward compatibility; and retail terminal models. Among these issues, capacity and terminal are perhaps the most pressing.
The universal application of optical fibers in fixed broadband networks shattered the bandwidth bottleneck, and as such revealed the economic and market value of Internet access. This process gave us a glimpse of the Internet’s “killer nature”. In technological and economic terms, “Internet” precedes the notion of “mobile” given that the Internet is the specific precondition for ‘mobile Internet’. Therefore, broadband access inevitably forms the primary characteristic of the mobile Internet era, and this can be regarded as its essential “killer characteristic”.
The keys to successMature technologies
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O F D M A a n d M I M O f o r m t h e cornerstones of wire less broadband communication. OFDMA supports high bandwidth and employs orthotropic sub-carriers. These two features help improve f requency spect rum ef f i c i ency and achieve high data rates. Thus, OFDMA is particularly suitable for broadband Internet applications. The major advantage of MIMO lies in its high data rate capability, and it also improves cell border reliability. OFDMA elegantly supports MIMO, and these two complementary technologies bring out each other’s best features.
CDMA-based technolog ie s such as CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TD-SCDMA mainly provide voice and low-rate data services in a way that differs from OFDMA-based technologies, such as WiMAX, LTE and UMB.
The comparison between TDD and FDD is worth highlighting. TDD uses an asymmetric mode and interactive channels, and its interactive channels provide effective support for MIMO. Therefore, in terms of frequency spectrum efficiency, TDD is superior to FDD, which uses a symmetric mode and dedicated uplink feedback channels. Internet applications are asymmetric services, which grant TDD-based WiMAX (802.16e) advantages over FDD-based E3G.
Popularized terminals
Terminals decisively affect mobile Internet development because, coupled with applications, they fundamentally d i s t ingui sh bus iness model s o f the Internet from those of the traditional telecommunication industry.
The real Internet boom arose after the popularization of PCs, and mobile Internet is following the same pattern. Fortunately,
mobi l e In te rne t bene f i t s f rom the popularization of fixed broadband networks, so we will have to wait considerably less time for the arrival of mobile Internet compared with the transition from PC (1981) to e-business (1997).
Imagine a mobile Internet world in which smart phones play a key role, and sub-laptops and mobile Internet devices (MIDs) both occupy a large share of the market. In addition to being constantly online, an MID is larger than a mobile phone and smaller than a laptop, and thus balances portability with functionality. The MID has a processing capability rivaling that of a PC, and supports more functions than a smart phone. Moreover, the MID is compatible with PCs and boasts a long battery life.
The strategic breakthrough of the mass-market MID depends on manufacturing-based economies of scale. Taiwan WiMAX industry chain is striding to achieve this, and the MID presents new opportunities for product upgrades. Operators need to apply flexible market strategies to promote scale economies in the service market. The WiBro (mobile WiMAX) services provided by Korean operators have demonstrated huge advantages as low-cost and high-throughput wireless broadband access services.
Guaranteed frequency spectra
Without doubt, a reasonable allocation of frequency spectrum resources is another precondition for the global success of mobile Internet. While there is still a long way to go before we can achieve world-wide mobile interconnectivity, WRC-07 frequency spectrum planning designed for next-generation wireless broadband access gives us much hope in terms of realizing this challenging goal.
Based on technological, market, and
political factors, 2.5GHz forms the first choice for large-scale WiMAX commercial deployment, and this will be probably followed by 700MHz, which has recently been auctioned in the United States. As a rule, the victor must ensure openness with respect to the mobile networks that operate under a new band. While it is too early to fully predict the benefits that mobile WiMAX will enjoy, mobile Internet development will hasten considerably.
Optimal industry chain
Besides the developmental trend of mobile Internet and the adjustment of supervisory policies in major markets, the success of mobile WiMAX is subject to both the industry chain’s entry standards and its time to market (TTM). As a firm WiMAX supporter, Intel advocates l owe r i n g b o t h e n t r y b a r r i e r s a n d manufacturing costs to create a win-win situation for industry chain development, the benefits of which can be passed on to consumers. This intention coupled with the wide distribution of WiMAX-related intellectual property rights should lead to extremely low cost IA (Intel Architecture) W i M A X c h i p s i n c o m p a r i s o n t o traditional non-IA WiMAX chips.
In the chip field, Intel has started to supply cutting-edge WiMAX chip sets and reference design platforms. These products help customers to quickly design and develop various types of MIDs. The Montevina platform represents Intel’s first laptop platform that has an integrated Wi-Fi/WiMAX module, and wil l be launched in the near future. Currently, laptops remain the major terminal for mobile Internet application, rendering Montevina’s debut a key milestone in mobile Internet market growth.
Sprint and KDDI are set to launch their commercial mobile WiMAX services in mid 2008 and during the second quarter of 2009 respectively. Their services will increase momentum to the global development of mobile Internet and stimulate the rapid emergence of terminals and applications. With mobile WiMAX terminals reaching maturity, a new era of mobile Internet is about to pervade the modern world.Editor: Liu Zhonglin [email protected]
Pricing tariff and data transmission capability comparison
Category KT WiBro KTF I-Plug(HSDPA) SK Telecom T-Log In(HSDPA/WiBro)
Monthly fee1 GB: USD10.84Unlimited: USD21.45
1 GB: USD31.962 GB: USD48.22
2 GB: USD32.404 GB: USD48.76
Data transmission capabilityDownlink: 3MbpsUplink: 1.2Mbps
Downlink: 1MbpsUplink: 0.3Mbps
Downlink: 1MbpsUplink: 0.3Mbps
Source:KT/KTF/SK Telecom
Table 1 A comparison of capability and tariffs for the WiBro services of Korean operators
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Roger B. Marks is Senior Vice President with NextWave Wireless Incorporated, which provides high-performance 4G chip-sets and multi-band RFICs along with wireless systems and software. Meanwhile, he is an IEEE Fellow and has served as an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer for seven years. Dr. Marks initiated, in 1998, the effort leading to the formation of the IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access Standards. He has chaired the group since its inception.
EXPERT’S FORUM
1, 2, and 3G
t is generally understood that First Generation (1G) mobile systems were analog voice systems; these became quite popular in the 1980s
and are nearing obsolescence in most parts of the world. Second Generation (2G) systems were digital ones that primarily carried voice but supported some data services, notably SMS; these became extremely popular beginning in the 1990s and remain extraordinarily so today. It does not appear these systems were designated as either “1G” or “2G” at the time they were introduced. However, those terms were brought into play later, as the vision of Third Generation (3G) mobile systems came into focus in the 1990s. The initial goals were, in general, to harmonize worldwide spectra and standards in order to enable global roaming and economies of scale. Later, as the attention turned to specific technology and standards development, industry players initiated global coordination activities, such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the parallel 3GPP2. Unlike
IEEE 802.16: the 4G pioneerThe mobile wireless community has become excited about 4G - the Fourth Generation of mobile communications. What is it? When does it arrive?
By Roger B. Marks
I1G and 2G development, the global effort in this case was organized through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), especially its Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). The 3G Partnership Projects worked with ITU-R to gain formal international recognition for their technology. ITU-R was partially succe s s fu l in ha rmoniz ing spec t r a and technologies. In the year 2000, ITU-R completed the first version of its “IMT-2000” recommendation, designated as Recommendation ITU-R M.1457.
What distinguishes these generations of mobile systems? From a user perspective, the mos t impor t an t d i s t inc t ion i s the service provided on the network. However, it is not easy to distinguish the mobile generations by means of services, because the service provided depends on the operator’s intended market and the deployed equipment. The services offered by a particular generation of equipment vary with deployments, user equipment, a n d u s e r c h o i c e , a n d a l l o f t h e s e change with time. For example, a user’s understanding of a “3G” service is quite different in 2008 than it was in 2001.
Wireless system generations are best
dist inguished by their fundamental technologies. This is how the transition from 1G to 2G has always been defined: the transition from analog to digital is a technology change. Likewise, the transition to 3G was notable for the broad-based decision to move to CDMA technology on the radio interface. To the extent that the development of IMT-2000 is seen as the beginning of 3G, it is noteworthy that ITU-R M.1457 consists of radio interface technology specifications, not definitions of entire networks or services on networks.
Evolution of IMT-2000
ITU-R M.1457, the ITU’s IMT-2000 standard, has been updated an average of once a year since its original approval in May 2000. Some of the changes have been small. Indeed, through the first seven versions of the standard (including the original and six revisions), the basic structure remained unchanged. The document includes five formal radio interface technologies. The three primary ones a re based on CDMA; two are supported by 3GPP, and one by 3GPP2.
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(One of the other addresses EDGE, a 2.5G data service used with 2G systems; the final one represents the short-range DECT cordless telephone.) While significant n e w a p p r o a c h e s , i n c l u d i n g t h o s e representing HSPA and CDMA 1xEV-DO, were introduced during this time, no fundamentally new technologies were brought into IMT-2000.
Beyond IMT-2000: IMT-Advanced
As IMT-2000 system deployment began, an image of a systems “beyond IMT-2000” began to emerge. This vision was embodied in Recommendation ITU-R M.1645, entitled “Framework and overall objectives of the future development o f IMT-2000 and s y s t ems beyond IMT-2000”. This Recommendation draws a picture of a complex network of interworking systems with multiple radio interfaces. Eventually, the name “IMT-Advanced” was coined to represent systems “beyond IMT-2000”. In February 2008, ITU-R issued an announcement inviting proposals, due in late 2009, for consideration in IMT-Advanced recommendations.
IMT-Advanced: Is this 4G?M a n y o b s e r v e r s a r e u n d e r t h e
impression that IMT-Advanced is the ITU de s i gna t ion fo r “4G” mob i l e communications. However, ITU has attached no such label in any of its IMT-Advanced documentation, including Re c o m m e n d a t i o n I T U - R M . 1 6 4 5 or the IMT-Advanced development announcements. The IMT-Advanced program was formally inst i tuted by the ITU’s 2007 Radiocommunication Assembly. The Final Resolutions of that meeting includes 34 references to “IMT-Advanced” but none to “4G”.
There are many reasons not to consider IMT-Advanced as the next “generation” beyond IMT-2000. One is that IMT-2000 technology has evolved tremendously since its 3G origins. It will also continue to evolve, even as the IMT-Advanced
program gets underway. Since there are no performance limitations built into IMT-2000, the distinctions between the two may well blur. 4G technologies will certainly find their way into IMT-Advanced, but not all 4G standards may end up in IMT-Advanced. Likewise, IMT-Advanced may include non-4G technologies. This seems likely, given the vision expressed in ITU-R Rec. M.1645 of IMT-Advanced as a set of interworking systems.
When will 4G standards arrive?
Given this discussion, what is 4G, and when will 4G standards arrive?
Ab ov e , w e m e n t i o n e d t h e f i r s t s i x r e v i s i o n s o f t h e I M T- 2 0 0 0 Recommendation, ITU-R M.1457. The seventh revision (M.145707) was approved by th e ITU Rad iocommuni c a t i on Assembly in October 2007. The seventh revision was by far the most radical in the history of IMT-2000. For the first time, an entirely new radio interface, the sixth one, was added. This radio interface, entitled “IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN”, introduced OFDMA technology into IMT-2000. At the same time, Revision 7 included 3GPP2’s OFDMA-based UMB technology as well as an initial framework description of 3GPP’s OFDMA-based “Long-Term Evolution” technology, in two different forms. As a result, M.1457 suddenly contains, in Revision 7, six radio interfaces, of which four include OFDMA. These four radio interfaces share a number of other technological features as wel l , inc luding suppor t of packet-based (IP) networks. This radical change of technologies, broadly supported across a variety of independent standards organizations, marks the global recognition of the initiation of 4G mobile communications. IMT-2000 has expanded beyond its 3G origins.
IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN and its foundation: IEEE Standard 802.16
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IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN is the version of IEEE Standard 802.16 that is specified in the WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile. A summary description of the radio interface is provided in document IEEE L802.16-06/031r2, with which IEEE initially proposed the addition of a subset of 802.16 (designated as “IP-OFDMA”) to ITU-R.
I E E E S t a n d a r d 8 0 2 . 1 6 , t h e WirelessMAN Standard for Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks, has been under development and evolution since 1999. The standard has always, as a fundamental design principle, supported differentiated QoS to allow a mix of simultaneous multimedia services on a single network. It originally supported only “fixed” (stationary) terminals, but it was enhanced for full mobility with the introduction of the IEEE 802.16e amendment, which was approved in 2005. The WiMAX Forum <http://wimaxforum.org> has developed the WiMAX Forum Mobi le Sys tem Prof i l e to spec i fy a particular version of the standard that could be tested for certification purposes. Certified products were announced in April 2008.
IEEE Standard 802.16 is developed, maintained, and enhanced by the IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access. The Working Group currently has 433 members and meets six times a year <http://WirelessMAN.org>, with attendance recently running over 400.
I E E E 8 0 2 . 1 6 ’s e x p e r t i s e i n t h e pioneering OFDMA technology is deep. The Working Group introduced OFDMA into its fixed-access standard with the amendment 802.16a in 2003. This was based on standardizat ion work that began with contributions on OFDMA introduced into the Working Group in the year 2000.
T h e 8 0 2 . 1 6 Wo r k i n g Gr o u p i s currently developing a revision of the base standard and all the subsequent amendments. Completion of this revision draf t , unoff ic ia l ly and temporar i ly known as 802.16Rev2, is expected in late 2008. While the revision project is being completed, the Working Group is continuing its progress on the developing
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The Task Group is currently developing a System Description Document (SDD) before generating the draft standard. The primary purpose of the SDD is to allow alternative technical approaches to be assessed and agreed before detailed specifications are added to the draft s tandard. More information on the 802.16m and IMT-Advanced is available elsewhere.
Flexibility of IEEE 802.16 technology
As mentioned previously, one of the key requirements of the IEEE 802.16m project is strong legacy support of Wireless MAN-OFDMA mobile stations and base stations. Fortunately, the flexibility of Wireless MAN-OFDMA allows for the possibility to satisfy these requirements. This flexibility is a distinct benefit of OFDMA technology and is a key reason that industry has turned to OFDMA for 4G. User demands for higher-rate services can be met partially by greater spectral efficiency, which is a benefit of OFDMA and of MIMO antenna technology that can be easily supported by OFDMA. Another way to increase throughput is to apply greater spectral bandwidths. OFDMA, because i t subdivides the channel into many narrow subchannels, is extremely scalable to broad as well as narrow channels, with little effect on the spectral efficiency. The technology is readily adaptable to multiple frequencies and to both paired and unpaired bands, u s i n g F D D a n d T D D d u p l e x i n g , respectively. The technology lends itself to adaptability at the ASIC, allowing the possibility of very adaptable devices. Some ASIC designers are taking advantage of these features to provide chipsets that can operate with a broad range of channel bandwidths, subcarrier counts, frequency ranges, and duplex methods.
The flexibility of IEEE 802.16 also provides new opportunities to operators regarding the services they wish to provide. Novel differentiating features can be introduced using the same basic network technology. For example, NextWave Wireless has introduced the MXtvTM
of three further amendments:
Project 802.16h is developing improved • coexistence mechanisms for license-exempt operation.
Project 802.16j is developing a multi-• hop relay specification and will specify a relay station that can communicate with mobile terminals. This will offer a valuable new tool to system operators for extending range and capacity.
Project 802.16m is developing an • advanced air interface, as described in more detail below.
The 802.16m project and IMT-Advanced
Shor t l y a f t e r the IEEE 802 .16e amendment was completed, members of the IEEE 802.16 community began to consider how an enhanced version of IEEE Std 802.16 could satisfy the emerging requirements of IMT-Advanced. In late 2006, following a significant effort, the Working Group was authorized to develop the IEEE 802.16m Project, which has the stated scope of amending the IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN-OFDMA specification to provide an advanced air interface to meet the cellular layer requirements of IMT-Advanced next generation mobile networks while providing “continuing suppor t for l egacy Wire le s s MAN-OFDMA equipment”.
While the ITU-R’s view of the IMT-Advanced process timeline has varied over time, the Task Group’s view of the 802.16m project schedule has remained mostly independent. The basic intent of the project, and the planned 2009 comp l e t i on da t e f o r th e 802 .16m amendment, have remained constant.
The 802.16m Task Group has generated a set of system requirements that reflects the evolving IMT-Advanced requirements but also adds unique demands. Primary among these additions is a requirement for support for legacy Wireless MAN-OFDMA systems. The 802.16m Task Group has also developed an extensive “Evaluation Methodology Document”.
mobile multicast and broadcast technology that runs using a portion of the time and frequency resources available on a normal two-way WiMAX network. This is another illustration of why it is difficult to define 4G from a service perspective. 4G technology, such as IEEE 802.16, will support a wide range of innovative services.
4G prospects
Given the vast success of 2G systems, the 3G market has developed relatively slowly. Even though the original 3G standards were developed in the 1990s, global 3G operators typically report that, as of 2007, fewer than 10% of the customers are using 3G equipment. These operators have invested heavily in 3G technologies that are only recently beginning to fulfill their potential. In many cases, they see 4G not as an immediate prospect but as a long-term evolution that will require another round of investment, not only in the radio access equipment but also in the core network.
On the other hand, a number of other companies are ready to move forward with 4G on an earlier time scale. In general, those that are unburdened by legacy requirements in all or part of their spectra are more likely to see 4G as the best investment for mobile broadband networks. A number of these companies worldwide are implementing IEEE 802.16 Mobile WiMAX networks in 2008 and 2009.
Conclusion
4G mobile communication systems a r e b a s ed on s e ve r a l f undamen t a l technology differentiators, including OFDMA and packet t ranspor t . 4G mobile communications was pioneered by IEEE Standard 802.16. The international community has recognized the transition to the new 4G technologies by approving Recommendation ITU-R M.1457-7 in October 2007. Trailblazing operators are currently implementing 4G networks.
Editor: Joy [email protected]
IEEE 802.16: the 4G Pioneer
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After years of development, WiMAX earned its place as part of the ITU IMT2000
standards and became one of the 3G standards in October 2007. Increasingly more
operators have gravitated towards WiMAX.
However, what is the user experience like that WiMAX offers? In this era of fast-
developing mobile and broadband services, why has WiMAX attracted so much
attention? We can find some clues from stories about WiMAX deployment and
operation of Summa Telecom in Russia, STC in Saudi Arabia, and a mobile operator
in South Africa.By Guan Zhenzhen & Liu Zhonglin
WiMAX heats up
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Summa Telecom: a preemptive strikeTelecom, could provide WiMAX broadband Internet access services, Mr. Wang was bemused - he simply wanted to solve his communication problem, and was not particularly familiar with the associated technology. Mr. Wang’s “have a go” approach led him to contact Summa Telecom. To his surprise, the company quickly gave him a broadband Internet access service, the access rate for which was high enough to meet his needs. Mr. Wang, as a result, was satisfied.
Summa Telecom is a new operator owned by Summa, a Russian petroleum consortium. Strengthened by considerable financial muscle, the company has obtained licenses for services spanning data communication, long-distance transmission, channel rental , and communicat ion project installation. Summa Telecom is aware that wireless broadband services currently form the most valuable growth model, and has as such devoted much effort to developing broadband access services. It is expected to seize opportunities and occupy a large market share in Russia’s communication market.
In Rus s i a , the t e l e com in f r a s t ruc ture i s undeveloped, and broadband penetration is low. Recent and rapid economic development has quickly expanded Russia’s broadband market, and subscriber demand for wireless broadband services has continuously risen. Russia has many medium-sized and large enterprises in the petroleum, mining, timber, and steel industries. Enterprise subscribers invariably possess a strong demand for broadband access and VPNs; operators in turn regard the
Considering Russia’s vast territory and expanding fixed network infrastructure, Summa Telecom has taken advantage of WiMAX’s rapid network construction features for residential, commercial, and industrial areas
in order to expedite commercial application.
Troubles of a timber businessman
n this case, let us begin with Mr. Wang and his need for broadband access. Russia is a timber-rich country. In commercial terms, this has resulted in relatively unprofitable crude
log exports. However, wood plate exports promise high profits, prompting the Russian government to recently enact regulations restricting the export of unprocessed logs.
Mr. Wang is a timber businessman from China. In recent years, the d emand f o r t imbe r i n Ch ina h a s i n c r e a s e d m a s s i v e l y. I n response, Mr. Wang opened a t imber process ing factory in Russia, necessary to which was broadband Internet access . However, local operators lacked sufficient access resources, and Mr. Wang’s business could
not operate. Hearing that the new operator,
Su m m a
WiMAX heats up
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broadband access market as a deep ocean ripe for exploration.
WiMAX comes to the rescue
In wireless broadband services, WiMAX has attracted Summa Telecom’s attention with its unique advantages and promising application modes.
Wi M A X a c h i e v e s l ow - c o s t a n d quick network construction; it features wide coverage, high access rates, and large system capacity. It supports both multimedia and broadband data services. This can help new operators such as Summa Telecom quickly attract subscribers and generate profit.
WiMAX supports wireless broadband access, enterprise broadband access, “last-mile” access, hot-spot coverage, and data backhaul . For remote and sparsely populated regions, and those lacking adequate fixed communication infrastructures, WiMAX represents the first choice for broadband access due to its flexibility and low cost. In these terms, it exactly fulfills Summa Telecom’s needs.
WiMAX also benefits from a security mechanism that guarantees subscribers p r i va cy. Summa Te l e com emp loy s cutting-edge WiMAX wireless broadband enterprise solutions and plans to provide broadband wireless communication and data services via WiMAX. In October 2006, Summa Telecom obtained i ts
first 36MHz bandwidth license in the 2.5-2.7GHz band. By the end of 2006 Summa Telecom was in search of suitable partners to construct its WiMAX 16e networks . Through s tr ict technica l solutions’ comparison and appraisal, Summa Telecom selected Huawei to build Moscow’s trial commercial network.
To preempt the marketQuick network deployment
Summa Telecom is a new operator that lacks network construction and operational experience. As a result, the company is reliant on Huawei to provide a range of services covering network planning, network optimization, site selection, civil engineering, project installation, and field operations. Summa Telecom of course seeks to quickly seize its window of opportunity through the leading performance, high reliability, unrivalled security, and Turnkey experience that Huawei’s WiMAX system gives.
The system’s leading performance guarantees high efficiency, optimum data access rates, and proven stability. For Summa Telecom, Huawei’s distributed WiMAX system can provide flexible and efficient networking modes to guarantee wide coverage and data throughput in key areas. The system realizes five QoS functions, eas ing Summa Telecom’s burden in terms of offering high-quality broadband services.
Huawei’s WiMAX system uses telecom-class AAA servers and highly integrated and re l i ab l e ASN-GW equipment , complemented by a BTS system that can continue to operate for 48 hours if faced with a lost GPS signal.
With respect to network operation, Huawei’s so lut ion increases b i l l ing mode and networking f lexibi l i ty. It increases network deployment choices and customizes subscriber service by giving converged and independent billing solutions including pre- and postpaid bi l l ing , and t ime and t ra f f ic -based billing. It provides abundant northbound i n t e r f a c e s t o f u l f i l l B O S S s y s t e m unified management and reduce O&M expenditure.
With robust technical capabilities and rich engineering experience, Huawei can provide Summa Telecom with cohesive consultancy services and help realize WiMAX network deployment. Summa Telecom and Huawei are thus cooperating to forge a large capacity ALL IP-based trial network that is reliable, secure and of optimum quality. Consequently, the project has merited Summa Telecom’s approval.
Market occupation
Summa Te lecom’s mos t pre s s ing issue concerns rapid service expansion and the ability to increase subscriber numbers. Huawei’s WiMAX+NGN/IMS convergence solution has helped Summa Telecom to quickly launch end-to-end solutions to meet enterprise requirements, and to offer wireless voice and data access services that satisfy the market.
Considering Russia’s vast territory and expanding fixed network infrastructure, Summa Telecom has taken advantage of WiMAX’s rapid network construction features for residential, commercial, and industrial areas in order to expedite commerc i a l app l i c a t i on . Ne twork deployment will give subscribers high speed wireless broadband services.
In terms of service operation, Summa Telecom is employing Huawei’s WiMAX solutions to launch various VASs to fully meet individual and enterprise requirements subscribers and enhance revenue streams.
Considering Russia’s vast territory and expanding fixed network infrastructure, Summa Telecom has taken advantage of WiMAX’s rapid network construction features for residential, commercial, and industrial areas
in order to expedite commercial application.
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STC: boosting network convergence
Doctor Emir’s new lifeDr. Emir works in Riyadh hospital and
lives in a local villa. His schedule is full and, even at home, nurses will call him to deal with emergencies as they arise. Fortunately, WiMAX broadband wireless access allows Dr. Emir remotely access to cure the ill. The hospital network provides patient history in photo and film form, and facilitates communication with nurses via voice and video.
Saudi Telecom Company (STC) has reaped WiMAX benefits since 2006. STC is the region’s largest operator, deploying 2G, 3G and NGN networks that accommodate 13 million mobile s ub s c r i b e r s and 4 .5 m i l l i on f i xed individual and enterprise subscribers. STC provides fixed network, mobile, data, and transmission services. The increasing requirement for broadband access in Saudi Arabia has led STC to focus on broadband service development in the short-term.
Given Saudi Arabia’s special geographical location, copper cable deployment is a vast and expensive undertaking. Moreover, some urban areas lack broadband access resources, Dr. Emir’s villa included. This is unsurprising given a national broadband penetration rate less of less than 2%. In places lacking access infrastructure, STC has realized WiMAX wireless broadband access potential, not least because of its swift deployment time and the fact that it does not require copper cables.
Popularizing broadband services
WiMAX forms a wireless broadband access technology. It features high network capacity and wide coverage. Compared with traditional wired networks, WiMAX has the advantage of high speed and low network deployment costs. Therefore, it suits Saudi Arabia’s geographical environment and
telecommunication developmental status. WiMAX enables fast wireless broadband access in the regions beyond DSL and cable coverage, thus helping operators open up regional markets.
As an IP-based technology, WiMAX benefits from its mobility and broadband access features. Due to relatively low investment compared with other 3G systems and significant bandwidth advantages, WiMAX popularizes broadband.
In early 2006, STC deployed an IEEE 802.16d WiMAX network with 41 BTSs in 3 Saudi Arabian cities. The network mainly covers enterprise subscribers and provides point-to-point data transmission. In 2007, STC hoped to deploy an IEEE 802.16e WiMAX network, which planned to cover 13 Saudi Arabian cities. STC hoped to orient its WiMAX network towards ind iv idua l and en te rp r i s e subscribers, replace some ADSL services with WiMAX, and hasten broadband popularization. As such, its lead in the Middle East would be assured.
Promoting network convergence
Integration underpins network evolution. Subscribers expect operators to provide ubiquitous data, voice, video, and VAS.
Huawei’s technical advantages, stable system performance, and rich large-scale commercial experience culminated in its selection as STC’s partner for WiMAX deployment and operation. STC deployed the f i r s t commercia l IEEE 802.16e WiMAX network in the Middle East using Huawei’s full range of WiMAX devices, including distributed BTSs, access gateway, NMS, and its certification and accounting devices. The solution provides wireless broadband access service for three major Saudi Arabian cities including Riyadh.
As an integrated operator, STC expects to use WiMAX as the driver for network integration, cross-network cooperation, and seamless integrated provider. Thus, STC’s competitive ability will be enhanced.
Thanks to the ALL IP advantage of Huawei’s WiMAX solution, STC has optimized the use of its existing network resources and has integrated WiMAX with its existing 2G, 3G, and NGN networks into a platform that fully anticipates FMC. Huawei’s WiMAX solution features mobility, high bandwidth, and end-to-end
In places lacking access infrastructure, STC has realized WiMAX wireless broadband access potential, not least because of its swift deployment time and the fact that it does not require copper cables.
WiMAX heats up
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telecom market. Firstly, STC has deployed its WiMAX networks rapidly and cost-effectively. Due to high spectral efficiency and wide coverage, BTS requirements were greatly decreased in its solution. In the Middle East, network deployment is confronted with problems created by an extreme environment. In response, Huawei has provided STC with new technologies such as MIMO and high power amplification efficiency, thus ensuring high efficiency and low power consumption. Moreover, Huawei has supplied innovative distributed BTSs, which share site resources, power supply, antenna feeders and transmission resources with the existing network. The WiMAX network fully utilizes STC’s existing network resources (NGN, 2G/3G, and DSL). As a result, STC has deployed its WiMAX network rapidly and cost-effectively, and has elevated its market status.
Secondly, STC has successfully built a high-performance high-speed wireless access WiMAX network. The WiMAX solution enjoys the following advantages: wide coverage, high access rates, diversified application modes, and simple network deployment. Therefore, STC provides market-oriented voice, video, broadband access, mobile data, and multimedia VAS, attracting more customer groups and increasing profit-making opportunities.
STC has increased network integration through WiMAX. Based on the advantages of its fixed and mobile networks, STC is striving to open up the broadband access market through WiMAX, thus laying a firm foundation for FMC. By complementing different networks, WiMAX provides a ubiquitous multi-service experience for both individual and enterprise subscribers, and this solidifies STC’s ability to deliver and develop services.
QoS assurance. It provides first-rate VoIP, video, and mobile broadband Internet access services for STC, helping the company to both maintain and develop customer groups and increase ARPU.
STC uses WiMAX as a wireless DSL solution to deploy its network in regions beyond cable coverage. It thus provides a high-speed, mobile, and stable broadband Internet access service for subscribers in these regions. STC provides the Layer 2/3-based VPN service with a QoS assurance that responds to a range of individual, home and enterprise subscribers.
STC’s general manager reflects that: “2007 is STC’s broadband year. Huawei leads WiMAX technologies. To date, Huawei has successfully delivered over 5,000 mobile networks. Generally, Huawei has gained much network deployment experience and possesses an excellent network planning and optimization team. I hold the strong belief that the WiMAX network built by Huawei will bring a great broadband experience to our subscribers.”
Extending the leadership
A future network is destined to be an IP-based, broadband, mobile, and multimedia integrated network. WiMAX has become a good choice for operators seeking to step into the wireless broadband f ie ld. Consequently, numerous operators consider how to establish market strategy and business models with WiMAX so as to improve their competitiveness and extend their leading positions.
STC has successfully done so in Saudi Arabia’s
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COVER STORY
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FIFA 2010: free from worries
Currently, most parts of Africa lack a robust communications infrastructure. Africa is large and sparsely populated, and mostly consists of deserts and prairies. Fixed line deployment and maintenance is difficult, and copper cable resources are lacking. The penetration rate of broadband Internet access remains low at around 3%, which falls far short of the spiraling demand for broadband services.
The nineteenth FIFA World Cup in 2010 will be hosted by South Africa. Some doubt that the nation’s communications infrastructure can meet the needs of football fans throughout the world. However, there is little cause for concern. Operators in Africa have been making thorough, long-term preparations.
After research and repeated tests to solve the broadband access coverage problem, WiMAX network deployment has already begun. Football fans will be able to enjoy World Cup news, images, and videos via WiMAX phones, laptops, and PCs, and upload exciting moments to the Internet or share them with friends.
WiMAX suits Africa’s needs
Why WiMAX has been chosen in Africa?
As the latest high-speed wireless access technology, WiMAX is a multi-service, ALL IP, mobile, and broadband platform. Embodying high-speed mobile Internet, WiMAX is inexpensive and features easy management, wide coverage, seamless handovers, and smooth upgrade potential. It enables African operators to quickly deploy networks, cut construction costs, and reduce OPEX. In addition, WiMAX supports various coverage modes to fully cover sparsely populated areas and densely populated hotspots. Given Africa’s vast
landmass and low population density, weak fixed communications infrastructure and budget limitations, WiMAX represents an optimal choice for operators to minimize investment and maximize subscriber numbers.
WiMAX delivers a theoretical access rate of up to 70Mbps. Its guaranteed high access rates provide operators with an apposite tool to launch high-rate mobile Internet services. WiMAX is applicable in five scenarios - fixed, nomadic, portable, s imple mobi le , and ful l mobi le . It s networks can be integrated with 2G/3G mobile networks to enrich both 2G and 3G services. Operators with 2G/3G mobile networks can thus raise their service convergence capability and enhance their overall competitive ability.
Partner with Huawei
The CEO of one mobile operator in Africa believes that “We must be able to present something different to remain in a leading position” given the steady rise of operators entering the newly emerging African market.
The operator can capital ize upon WiMAX to deliver differentiated services and proactively seek dominance in the wireless broadband market. WiMAX network planning and construction requires the right strategic partner. To this end, the operator scoured the globe to find the equipment provider capable of providing its required solution.
WiMAX’s increasing prominence has gradually matured the industry chain in recent years. Compared with other equipment vendors, Huawei stands out with its state-of-the-art end-to-end WiMAX solutions that have arisen from years of experience coupled with a solid telecom foundation.
The operator highly regard Huawei’s R&D capabilities and advanced product planning in the wireless field. Huawei’s unified hardware platform for WiMAX, GSM, UMTS, and LTE represents a platform that, for it, effectively protects investment and forms the backbone for future smooth evolution in a way that reduces both investment and risk. The strategic alliance between it and Huawei will deliver an effective solution for commercial WiMAX 16e construction that is customized for the needs of both operators and Africa.
Enhancing competitiveness through WiMAX
WiMAX is inexpensive and features easy management, wide coverage, seamless handovers, and smooth upgrade potential. It enables African operators to quickly deploy networks, cut construction costs, and reduce OPEX.
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WiMAX heats up
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T h e s o l u t i o n f e a t u r e s s i t e a n d transmission resource-sharing between the new and legacy networks. WiMAX distributed BTSs are both flexible and convenient. Existing sites basically meet installation requirements, and network construction is economical and fast. Huawei unifies service platforms, core networks, ver i f icat ion, bi l l ing, and authentication. The operator can minimize construction costs, O&M expenditure and OPEX by using existing equipment such as AAAs and DHCP servers. The standard, abundant northbound interfaces provided by Huawei’s WiMAX NMS support interconnection with the existing NMS to realize unified network management.
Excellent performance ensures competitiveness
Thanks to cutting-edge technologies such as MIMO, OFDMA, and HARQ, WiMAX’s spectral efficiency and network coverage are significantly improved. This reduces BTS numbers and increases network stability. With Huawei’s WiMAX solution, the operator can increase power amplification efficiency by 25%. This means that they can use fewer
Integrated mobile broadband solution
The operator successfully adopted Huawei’s end-to-end WiMAX solutions to realize WiMAX and existing 2G/3G network convergence. The service diversity has been greatly improved, which has helped guarantee a leading position of its network infrastructure in Africa.
For the operator, the legacy 2G and 3G networks and its integration methods with WiMAX form a key concern of the company. Huawei’s mobile broadband solution integrates its legacy systems with WiMAX to yield high-speed access, low cost, and maximum efficiency. The solution produces complementary results - the 2G/3G networks are used for voice services and low-speed data services, and the WiMAX networks are used for wireless broadband services. In this way, competitive ability is greatly improved via a moderate investment. The solution inherits existing services and conveniently provides rich broadband multimedia services and high-speed mobile Internet access. The operator can meet the increasing demand for seamless high-speed access, provide service variety, and raise ARPU.
resources to enlarge network coverage and minimize electricity consumption, reducing TCO by at least 30%.
WiMAX networks can raise wireless data access rates for subscribers - the downlink and uplink rates can reach 8Mbps and 2Mbps respectively. This greatly boosts data service provision capability.
To guarantee high-quality broadband data services, great importance is attached to WiMAX’s QoS features. WiMAX can provide connection-oriented telecom-class services with excellent QoS features to meet subscriber demands.
In addition, WiMAX’s fine mobility enables subscribers to enjoy broadband access services even when moving at speeds of up to 120km/h.
Outstanding network performance brings the operator more subscribers. M a r k e t s h a r e , p r o f i t a b i l i t y, a n d competitiveness are all thus elevated.
With the s t rong communicat ion support provided by WiMAX, we have the very reason to believe that the FIFA2010 will be free from worries, for both end users and operators.
Editor: Gao Xianrui [email protected]
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Business Intelligence empowering your brain
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Wireless broadband commercial application accelerates By Yang Hu & Yao Zheng
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41
MAIN TOPIC
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Joining the 3G family
ubscribers always expect mobile broadband services to provide p e r s o n a l i z e d a n d u n i f o r m mult imedia services that are
available anytime, anywhere, and via any terminal, plus the services should be secure, reliable, and inexpensive.
To meet these expectations, operators and equipment providers need to supply seamless network coverage with a series of solutions for the fixed and wireless networks convergence. We should also provide diversified, personalized, and low-cost broadband multimedia services to attract and retain subscribers and boost our competitiveness in the marketplace.
In the past five years, introduction and applications of various wireless voice and data services have spread like wildfire with end users fanning the flames. Since WiMAX leads the pack of current wireless communications technologies, it may very well become the technology that can maximally satisfy diversified consumer requirements.
In October 2007, at the Radio Assembly in Geneva, WiMAX officially became one of the 3G standards. This as a milestone has greatly thrust forward WiMAX’s large-scale network deployment and cohesive development. Increasingly more operators and equipment manufacturers now have to seriously consider appropriate business models for developing WiMAX.
Two mainstream applications
From the beg inn ing , WiMAX i s widely known for its high flexibility in frequency distribution (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 5.8GHz), channel bandwidth (1.25 - 20MHz), and application scenarios (wireless bandwidth, mobile bandwidth, and transmission of BTSs and Wi-Fi). However, flexibility also brings questions to WiMAX operators such as: In what way should it be used? What business models should be adopted?
A b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e application scenarios is necessary when
researching business models. Up until now, wireless broadband and mobile broadband have been the only two mainstream WiMAX application scenarios. There is no definitive difference between these two types of broadband. A commonly accepted distinction is whether or not it can support speeds up to 120mph.
Here in this article, wireless broadband is defined as the broadband access of large-screen terminals (such as desktops and portable computers), and mobile broadband is for small-screen terminals (such as mobile phones, PDA, UMPC, and CED).
Two business models correspond to the two application scenarios. One is a DSL-like business model based on wireless broadband with the typical features of open access. The operators adopt the pipeline operational mode, and income derives from the increase in the subscriber numbers. Another is a 3G-like business model based on mobile broadband. Operators can get higher profits by providing value-added services, yet need to meet higher requirements and enhance the value chain, third party cooperation, and the multimedia service platform.
Besides the business models above, no other ones have been proposed for WiMAX so far. However, when more versatile CED terminals are released, hopefully a great many brand new and creative business models will emerge.
It is worth noting that the business mode l doe sn’t r ema in unchanged . Different phases might require different business models. Even in the same phase,
different models should be adopted for different areas. Selection of a business model should be based on the operator’s core competitiveness, business expansion capacity, consumer demand, market environment, and product availability.
Business modelsPresently WiMAX portable devices that
support mobile broadband applications are still small in number. The WiMAX Forum is still certifying mobile WiMAX products, and the large-scale commercialization of WiMAX for mobile broadband access cannot be realized in the short run. Therefore, the business model of wireless broadband is a realistic choice.
Market orientation
Different markets and customers see WiMAX differently in respect of its orientation.
Fixed network operators should first raise the broadband coverage rate, using WiMAX as a complement to DSL to make up for dead zones caused by difficult deployment and aging copper cables, and achieve universal services. For example, Swi s s com use s WiMAX to prov ide broadband access in remote mountainous areas.
Second, since broadband service is a cash cow for fixed network operators, they should provide diversified broadband access (such as DSL/Wi-Fi/WiMAX) to enhance their strength in broadband and prevent mobile operators from occupying
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Wireless broadband Mobile broadband
Services Broadband access, VoIP, VPN Mobile data, mobile VoIP
Terminal CPE, data card Mobile phone, data card
Coverage Hot zone City zone
Advantage Speedy deployment, nomadic High capacity
Weakness Limited by capacity Limited by coverage
Business model Similar to fixed network Similar to mobile network
Revenue sourceSubscr iber growth, mult i -service provided
Subscriber growth, multi-service provided, revenue sharing with 3rd party
Table 1 Two application scenarios of WiMAX
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Editor: Pan Tao [email protected]
the market with data cards. BT is a good example.
Third, traditional fixed operators choose WiMAX in order to enter the mobile market and expand profit areas. Moreover, they need to make room for FMC and garner new profits from multimedia terminals.
Mobi l e opera to r s in genera l a re relatively less interested in WiMAX, but in areas with low penetration rates some of them may seize the opportunity. For example, Vodafone provides the wireless broadband access service in Malta. As HSPA develops, the spectrum becomes limited and cell splitting faces difficulty in obtaining sites, while WiMAX is capable of balancing the traffic load in areas with high volume usage.
2G operators without 3G licenses can use WiMAX to compete with 3G operators, remain competitive, and like all mobile operators, hope to earn more from multimedia terminals.
For relatively new operators, WiMAX provides a stepping-stone to expansion. These newly players include: Enterprises first setting foot in the 2G/3G eras such as Internet service providers (ISPs), who have regular customer resources and rich experience in channel construction. Content providers such as television, news, and new service developers, who provide telecom value-added services, and are not satisfied with the fact that traditional operators draw high commissions based on rich customer resources. ISPs with many Wi-Fi hotspots, who hope to use WiMAX to make up for the coverage insufficiency of Wi-Fi. Representatives in newly developed fields, such as oil-rich tycoons with deep pockets, see the profit margin and hope to develop WiMAX to supplement their major services.
After all is said and done, under the wireless broadband mode, WiMAX can provide ult imate mobile broadband services with limited mobility, especially for large-screen terminals.
Target customers
In terms of wireless access, WiMAX customers mainly consist of household subscribers and small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs).Households that have not been covered
by traditional fixed networks should be target customers. Many modern families become ‘mobile only’ because they live in small houses and are in areas with a high mobile penetration rate. They do not want to be restricted by fixed lines. In addition, the IDC estimates that in 2008 269 million PCs will be sold and delivered, including 110 million notebook computers or 41% of total. The sharply increasing number of portables means that more people will choose portable broadband.
As one of the most active sectors of the economy, SMEs are inclined towards choosing easily installed mobile access and IP-bound voice services.
‘Floaters’ are loyal subscribers to wireless broadband. For example, many students and other young people in Australia, live in rental units and study or work in Sydney or Melbourne. In response to this, Unwire launched targeted services for this customer segment, and has attracted over 80,000 WiMAX subscribers (ranked No. 3 worldwide) to date.
Products and prices
Service modes for wireless broadband indicate mainly high-speed network access
and VoIP. High speed network access provides a downlink rate of 1 - 2Mbps and an uplink rate of 256 - 512Kbps. Operators mostly adopt flat-fee charges without traffic restrictions, though in some markets there are certain restrictions such as a 5GB limit. As for VoIP services, operators mainly adopt flat-fee charges also. Price is always a prime consideration, and the price of WiMAX service currently is somewhere between DSL and 3G.
A l though p rov id ed s e r v i c e s a r e simple, bundling offers differentiation. Clearwire for example, provides two types of bundling. One is the bundling of broadband access and voice services, which attracts ‘mobile only’ households and SME subscribers. The other is the bundling of modems and PC cards, which helps Clearwire get more customers from cable and DSL operators. A customer survey conducted by Clearwire last year showed that most of its customers were former cable and DSL subscribers (33% for cable subscribers and 26% for DSL subscribers).
In a market with very low network penetration rates, a long waiting list means higher prices and greater profit margins for new product designs. In April 2008, Orange Cameroon launched the Livebox service over WiMAX network, offering a download speed of 512Kbps. individual prices range from USD86 to USD245 and
2008 is a crucial year for WiMAX development. Operators will have more options for creative and successful business models with increased sophistication and large-scale commercial WiMAX application.
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traffic.
Terminal devices
Wireless broadband terminals are mainly CPE, PC card, and USB Dongle devices. CPE usage is targeted at less mobile scenarios such as houses and SMEs, and divided into indoor CPE and outdoor CPE.
In the 16d era, most terminals were outdoors, prices of which were relatively high and technicians were required for installation. Luckily, coverage requirements are lower than that for other terminals. In the 16e era now, the mainstream CPE is indoors. In areas with poor coverage, an additional outdoor antenna can be installed to enhance signal quality.
One feature of wireless broadband terminals is that current subscribers do not have a strong demand for personalization or appearance and another is that the channel between the terminals and subscribers is similar to that of DSL. Before a notebook computer with a built-in WiMAX module is on the market, most terminals are provided through subsidies or rented from operators to end users.
2008 is a crucial year for WiMAX development. Operators will have more options for creative and successful business models with increased sophistication and large-scale commercial WiMAX application. Smart WiMAX operators surely will grab this once in a lifetime opportunity to produce successful products and services and implement innovative business models.
enterprises pay at least USD500.
Network construction
Compared with cellular 2G/3G networks, the early phase of WiMAX construction does not have high requirements for nationwide coverage. Households and enterpr i ses genera l ly need broadband access only for their daily activities in areas like homes, offices, and common areas. National roaming is clearly an added valued area for these customers, but is not a must in the early phase.
Like DSL, we can cultivate subscriber base while constructing the WiMAX network. An Indian operator with only one WiMAX BTS increased their subscriber base in coverage areas and had a positive cash flow within a short time. However, the construction modes of WiMAX and DSL are not totally the same.
For cultivating PC card subscribers, limited mobility needs to be taken into consideration. Therefore, constructing a WiMAX network based on a city-by-city business model is a good strategy. Clearwire for example, has been successful by gradually expanding their network. In the early phases of construction, most cities can get a positive EBITDA within two years.
Coverage area priorit ies depend upon the locations of different operators. For the location of the DSL-complemented WiMAX network, suburban and residential areas should be first considered. For the 3G-complemented WiMAX network, resources should be integrated into urban areas with heavy
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Editor: Xu Ping [email protected]
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WiMAX terminal spurs industry development
WiMAX terminal spurs industry developmentMature chips and diversified terminals are the catalyst for rapid development of the WiMAX industry.
The booming WiMAX terminal industry
nd user equipment is becoming diversified and universal, bringing great momentum to the maturity of communications industry. The role that the GSM terminal has
played in industry evolution is a striking example. Similarly, the maturity of the WiMAX
terminal is a necessity for the WiMAX to be successfully commercialized.
The ma rke t app l i c a t i on s o f WiMAX can be classified into two
types. The first type is the indoor fixed terminal based on 802.16e that can
be installed by users themselves, like customer premise equipment
(CPE), PCMCIA, EXPRESS, and the USB modem. This
type of access service can be provided for
both enterprise and household users. The
second type is the laptop computer with built-in
chips based on 802.16e, like the MID, UMPC, PDA,
and multi-mode phones. This type of mobile broadband data service is aimed
at individual users.Leading chip manufacturers like Intel, Fujitsu,
Samsung, Sequans, Runcom, and Beceem have already rolled out WiMAX terminal chipsets. TI and Freescale are investing more in R&D and will soon release WiMAX terminal chips as well. Moreover, Intel, as a leader and major promoter of the WiMAX industry, is about to release and globally promote the laptop/UMPC/MID with built-in WiMAX module using their own chipsets. Intel has not only established a strategic partnership with Huawei, but also has actively cooperated with the Sprint project participators, Motorola, Nokia, and Alcatel-Lucent, to spur the maturity of the WiMAX terminal industry chain.
Samsung, Motorola, and Nokia have released many types of WiMAX terminals. Samsung has developed terminals such as the CPE, PCMCIA card, and USB modem. It has also released the mini-PDA SPH-M8100, featuring a foldaway keyboard, and the SPH-P9000 with a mini-display. Motorola is researching and developing WiMAX portable terminals. In April 2008, Nokia officially released the portable terminal WiMAX N810 Internet Tablet at the CTIA exhibit in America.
In addition, numerous companies in Taiwan, like AlphaNetwork, Quanta, ASUS, Tecom, USI, Gemtek, ZyXEL, have released CPE, PCMCIA /EXPRESS cards, and USB modems.
As the WiMAX industry develops and customer requirements for the terminal diversity grow,
By Han Song
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customized terminal sales are gaining popularity with WiMAX operators and will undoubtedly be the leading trend in the WiMAX era.
Huawei has been developing and releasing a series of WiMAX terminals to remedy the deficiency of cooperative manufacturers’ terminal functions and performance, and to provide customers with diverse and customized terminals. Huawei’s self-developed WiMAX terminals aim to provide competitive, cost-effective solutions, with remote unified NMS, and enhanced functions.
Diversity and low cost are the key
In the WiMAX industry value chain, diversity and low cost will get the WiMAX industry off the ground and into the air.
As leaders in the WiMAX industry chain, operators should decide, based on their promoted services, what type of terminals they need, say CPE, USB modems, PCMCIA card/Express cards, laptops, or portable terminals. Meanwhile, operators should clearly communicate w i th o the r l ink en t e rp r i s e s in the chain to capitalize on service provision opportunities.
The terminal plays an essential role in the entire process as it is closely connected to end-users. Its role is two-fold: providing basic communications functionality and support for increasingly more diversified services and user experiences.
Current ly, Nokia , Samsung, and
Motorola are hard at work to fulfill the need for innovative and low cost terminals for the Sprint Nextel WiMAX network.
Intel states that it will integrate WiMAX into consumer electronics products like game players, digital cameras, and music players in order to provide mobile broadband access services, and shape a new market. The diversity of terminal types will promote operator services, attract more customers, give them more choices, richer service experiences and guarantee the large-scale commercialization of WiMAX.
In terms of price, chip and equipment manufacturers are trying to reduce the cost of end user equipment and network equipment. The WiMAX Development Center of Alcatel-Lucent in India is attempting to cooperate with the local government to produce CPE at a price point around USD100 or less.
Taiwan has released the WiMAX-focused project, “m-Taiwan”, in hope o f inher i t ing i t s super ior i ty in PC manufacture, to become a global supply base of WiMAX terminal products. The move will enormously reduce the cost and price of WiMAX terminals and accelerate the maturity of the industry chain.
At pre sent , the pr i ce o f a s ing le WiMAX chipset is about USD20. It is expected to drop to USD10 or even cheaper. Compared with the prices of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO and WCDMA terminals, that of the WiMAX CPE is very competitive. On the WiMAX Forum, it is predicted that the price of the CPE will drop to USD100 with USB modems and PCMCIA cards dropping to USD90.
USD600
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 year
500
400
300
200
100
0
Average selling price
Fig. 1 Trend of the WiMAX terminal prices
Indoor terminal Outdoor terminal Compact commercialLower prices will definitely stimulate WiMAX’s global takeoff.
We open for cooperation
Huawei is an essential l ink in the Wi M A X c h a i n a n d c o m m i t t e d t o p romot ing the indu s t r y’s g rowth , maturity and global applications. As the WiMAX terminal chip is maturing, the interconnection and interoperability work between the terminal chip manufacturers and system equipment manufacturers intensifies. In order to provide more diversif ied and multi- level terminal so lut ions , Huawei has adopted the Interoperability Test (IOT) strategy in cooperation with many terminal chip manufacturers and terminal companies.
Huawei’s first WiMAX IOT Center opened in early 2007. It has already carried out the IOT with chip manufacturers such as Intel, Fujitsu, Sequans, Runcom, and Beceem. In addition, it has conducted, or is still conducting IOT with terminal manufacturers such as ASUS, ZyXEL, Quanta, AlphaNetwork, Informark, USI, Tecom, and Gemtek. Huawei issues the IOT certificate for the partners who have already completed the IOT, recommends their products and provides necessary assistance.
Huawei’s second WiMAX IOT Center has been completed in Hong Kong. After a three-month pilot period, it is now officially opened to global partners. This is another significant move for Huawei. The aim is to make sustained investment in WiMAX terminals, meet the requirements o f d i f f e r en t ope r a to r s and r e a l i z e complementary advantages for Huawei and its partners; ensuring development and mutual prosperity to drive the mature commercialization of WiMAX.
The multi-operations strategy will vigorously accelerate cohesive development of the WiMAX industry chain and further strengthen Huawei’s capacity of working out integrated end-to-end WiMAX solutions for operators worldwide, to provide mobile broadband network services that are operational, profitable, and sustainable.
Editor: Pan Tao [email protected]
Source: WiMAX Forum
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41
Setting sail for WiMAX By Wang Tao, Deputy Editor-in-chief of Communications World Weekly
he CTIA Wireless 2008 Show in Las Vegas, Nevada attracted around 1,200 wireless network suppliers, developers, and
manufacturers from dozens of different industries in more than 80 countries.
At the show, the new 4G-oriented technologies, such as LTE and WiMAX, attracted the most attention. The WiMAX Forum presented an integrated industry chain and reported that 260 operators from 110 countries are currently developing WiMAX networks. Concurrent with these statistics, the number of WiMAX subscribers is expected to exceed 133 million by 2012.
As a leading telecom equipment supplier, Huawei demonstrated an entire series of IP-based mobile products and solutions, including WiMAX end-to-end solutions.
While Huawei may have been perceived as a follower in the 2G arena, the company has now emerged as an undisputed leader of the WiMAX era, advancing the development and overall maturing of the industry. So, what significance does WiMAX have for the industry, and for Huawei? How does Huawei view and promote the development of the WiMAX industry? What role will Huawei play? Tang Xinhong, Vice President of Huawei’s WiMAX Product Line was interviewed at the company’s CTIA booth and offered the following insights.
A promising futureInterviewer (I): Good afternoon, Mr.
Tang. All indicators show that 2008 will
An Interview with Tang Xinhong, Vice President of Huawei WiMAX Product Line
T
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be a crucial year for the development of WiMAX. How does Huawei view the prospects for WiMAX?
Mr. Tang (T): Considering transition trends from fixed voice services to mobile voice services, we predict that in the field of data services, wireless data services will definitely play a more important role.
After a decade’s development of technologies such as GPRS, EVDO, HSPA, and Wi-Fi, the market for wireless data services has expanded, with corresponding consumer growth. Among the technologies currently available, the
OFDMA/MIMO-based WiMAX features high frequency spectrum efficiency, low cost, simple network structures, and speedy network deployment. These advantages make it the top choice, and increasingly more operators agree.
In contrast with the early growth pains encountered in 2006 and 2007, WiMAX has now entered a period of significantly more mature and less impeded growth. In 2008, more spectrum resources for WiMAX will be allowed for commercial use. Chips will evolve, the cost of terminals will be reduced for end users,
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more equipment manufacturers will provide system equipment authenticated by Wave1/Wave2, and more operators will deploy networks on a large scale with successful operations and business models. We firmly believe that WiMAX will inevitably move into a golden age and garner a large share of the wireless/mobile broadband data services market. Huawei is highly confident about the prospects for WiMAX, and will readily invest added resources to realize this potential.
I: As a principal manufacturer of 3G/4G and WiMAX equipment, how does Huawei view the relationship between WiMAX and 3G?
T: They complement each other. In terms of data services, 3G is targeted at environments with a wide coverage, high mobile rate, and medium data bandwidth, while WiMAX is targeted at metropolitan areas with a medium mobile rate and high data bandwidth. In terms of the frequency spectrum, 3G uses FDD and WiMAX uses TDD. In respect of operators, 2G operators with 3G licenses tend to construct 3G networks. 2G mobile operators, fixed network operators, and new operators without 3G licenses tend to choose WiMAX.
Huawei is fully committed to providing competitive 3G and WiMAX solutions to meet different customer requirements.
I: For operators, constructing a new WiMAX network is a significant decision. What are their key concerns?
T: The great challenge that 2G operators face is increasing subscriber base while decreasing ARPU value. Naturally, wireless data services have emerged as a newly cultivated growth point. For fixed network operators, as fixed voice services evolve into mobile voice services, it is inevitable that these operators will also enter the mobile voice and data market. ISPs and TV/broadcast operators with rich content and exclusive users have gradually realized that expanded content and more consumers using mobile communications provide a new business opportunity. They are actively entering the field of mobile data.
Presently, WiMAX is the overall No.1 choice because of advanced technologies, low-cost spectrum auctions, and low-cost equipment.
Convergence, broadband, green, and evolution
I: Thank you. “Convergence, broadband, green, and evolution” are the current buzzwords among operators. Focusing on WiMAX solutions, what strategy is Huawei adopting?
T: Huawei’s approach to WiMAX is based on our sophisticated solutions to wireless communications, transmission, core networks, data communications, and applications software. Our solutions are convergent, evolutionary, green and broadband-based to maximally meet operator requirements.
The solutions provided by Huawei enable WiMAX networks to seamlessly converge with CDMA/GSM/UMTS and easily connect with NGN/IMS/DSL to meet the different convergence requirements of operators. Since the WiMAX network uses the 4G BTS platform, WiMAX 16e networks can be smoothly upgraded to 16m networks with upgraded software. In terms of green, our WiMAX solution features low energy consumption and a high coverage rate. Environmentally considerate and efficient alternate energy sources, such as solar, wind, and firedamp, can be used to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. For a 1000 BTS network, 4 million kWh can be saved every day. Meanwhile, from the BTS to the core network, ALL IP design is used from core management to interfaces in order to provide non-blocking broadband throughput and guarantee the QoS of Huawei’s end-to-end solutions. In this way, flexible mobile broadband services can be quickly deployed.
I: You have just mentioned “convergence”. Regarding the convergence of WiMAX and 4G technologies, how does Huawei see this trend evolving?
T: WiMAX and 4G technologies have the same DNA: OFDMA and MIMO. Huawei has developed such key technologies as OFDMA, MIMO, high-efficiency power amplification, RRM, RTT, and TRM, so it is relatively easy to share them between BTSs using LTE,
UMB, WiMAX and also the 4G mode. What’s more, our WiMAX network uses the 4G BTS platform. Software and hardware platforms can be shared to the maximum, so the WiMAX BTS can evolve into the 4G BTS.
Standards, terminals, and business models
I: The standards of WiMAX are still under development and being improved. What efforts has Huawei made to promote WiMAX standards?
T: WiMAX standards involve the work done by two international organizations: the IEEE 802.16 Working Group and the WiMAX Forum. The IEEE 802.16 Working Group is the constitutor of the standards, and the WiMAX Forum is the promoter of IEEE 802.16.
In 1999, IEEE set up the 802.16 Working Group to specialize in researching the standard for fixed broadband wireless access technology. Its aim was to establish a globally uniform standard for broadband wireless access. By the end of 2001, the IEEE 802.16 Working Group had released the first set of standards, IEEE 802.16.
Huawei, as a core member of the IEEE 802.16 group, holds the positions of 16Netman task group president, editor of the 16h task group, and ad-hoc president of the 16m group. Huawei’s involvement in all the 802.16 task groups has brought forward many competitive proposals, and has had a significant impact on discussions regarding standard technologies.
As one of the leaders of NWG standards in the WiMAX Forum, Huawei successively assumed the presidency of four subgroups in the NWG. They are CSN, MM, ND&S, ROHC, and ND&S Evolution. Huawei is also working as the editor for many subgroups, having submitted a total of 568 proposals to the WiMAX Forum NWG. The number of submitted proposals ranks number two and the coverage rate of R1.5 is 81.25%. In 2007, the presidents of two subgroups represented Huawei in accepting the Excellent Contributions Award from the WiMAX Forum 2007.
As a core member of the TWG R1.x
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standard, Huawei assumes the leadership of one WI group. Moreover, Huawei products cover 5 of the 6 SGs. Huawei is leading research in strengthening VoIP and is one of the top three manufacturers of H-FDD and Wi-Wi WI.
Since starting research on fundamental WiMAX technology in 2000, Huawei has already devoted over 150 people to the pre-research and the standards for WiMAX technology, continuously promoting the development of WiMAX standards. Huawei is a major participator in the IEEE 802.16 group and the WiMAX Forum, with successful experience in holding many conferences, including the 55th 802.16 Conf. in May 2008.
I: As to the challenges of chips and terminals, what views does Huawei hold?
T: For a new industry chain, chips with a low cost and excellent performance and terminals that have various types and are payable to users provide the crucial links. At present, terminal, chip and equipment manufacturers are speeding up interconnectivity and interoperability in order to provide diversified choices for operators and guarantee large scale commercial application. WiMAX 16e terminal chips are becoming sophisticated, and commercial terminals are already widely used throughout the global marketplace.
Since 2004, Huawei has committed to cooperating with WiMAX chip and terminal manufacturers and established two open IOT labs in Shenzhen and Hong Kong. These labs have performed IOT tests for many chip manufacturers such as Runcom, SEQUANS, GCT, and Intel, plus dozens of terminal manufacturers like ZyXEL, SEWON, ASUS, InfoMark, and more. Meanwhile, large-scale implementation has been seen in many Huawei commercial networks.
Huawei’s terminal division has also initiated research on the WiMAX terminal, and in early 2008 released the first CPE, USB Dongle terminals that satisfy Wave2 requirements. Our strategy is aimed at promoting the maturity of WiMAX chips and terminals, and providing more diversified choices for operators.
I: A well-executed business model is
vital for the successful development of any industry. What kinds of business model do you think are necessary for WiMAX to evolve as a successful industry chain?
T: For the developed countries with sophisticated cable broadband networks like in Korea, Japan and the United States, we can start with wireless broadband access to deploy a hotspot coverage network first. In turn, this will cultivate USB and portable equipment users and define user habits. Operators can accumulate experience and return early investment, and then further perfect the network coverage to gain more mobile broadband users and provide portable equipment like UMPC, and MID to high-end users.
For developing countries with immature cable broadband networks, such as Africa and the Middle East, WiMAX networks are mainly used as a substitute for DSL. Therefore, the target can be fixed CPE households and enterprises.
Also, WiMAX has a high data throughput and adaptable proportions of downlink and uplink sub-frames so it is very suitable for applications such as video backhaul for TV journalists and security video monitoring. Therefore, the concept of constructing a WiMAX network for a specialized industry and developing industry specific applications in itself represents a series of new business models for operators.
Full and continuous dedication
I: Huawei has tremendous in-depth knowledge of this industry. Is it true that Huawei has invested heavily in WiMAX?
T: Absolutely. Huawei WiMAX adopts a globalized development strategy. Presently, the BTS R&D team has over 1200 staff members, which will grow to 2000 in late 2008. Our R&D professionals are employed globally at the research institutes in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi’an, Chengdu, the U.S.A., Sweden, Russia, India, and elsewhere around the world. To forge the world’s top products and solutions, we commit considerable funds to R&D and to attracting the most outstanding talent Editor: Xu Ping [email protected]
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to our WiMAX teams.In addition, Huawei has been striving to
promote the development of the industry chain. As early as in 2005, Huawei and Intel formed a strategic alliance to push forward network construction, plus chip, terminal, and equipment development.
I: It is reported that Huawei has signed many commercial contracts with WiMAX operators all over the world. What key factors do you consider essential for Huawei to succeed in the global marketplace? How will Huawei strengthen and build on its dominant position?
T: By the end of March 2008, Huawei signed 17 commercial contracts for 16e, with commercial applications in some networks. There are several essential factors for Huawei to rapidly increase market success. First, Huawei’s solutions for GSM, CDMA, UMTS, and fixed networks have been sold to more than 100 operators from 70 countries, many of which have requirements for developing WiMAX. With hands on experience of operator needs, Huawei is best positioned to anticipate, appreciate and respond to customer requirements and then respond with optimal solutions for each differing scenario.
Second, WiMAX is a technology combining wireless with IP. It involves end-to-end IP networking, end-to-end QoS, security, wireless network planning, marketing and development experience of fixed broadband network. Based on over 10 years’ development of wireless technologies, IP, and fixed network, Huawei is capable of integrating optimal resources to provide the most competitive solutions.
In the latter half of 2008, Huawei will be introducing solutions in the form of a series of BTSs, terminals, and integrated core networks. By enhancing competitive strength, Huawei’s dominant position in the market will be further strengthened.
In the latter half of 2008, Huawei is going to roll out the solutions in a series of BTSs, terminals, and integrated core networks. By enhancing competitive strength, Huawei’s dominant position in the market will be further strengthened.
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KT’s mobile WiMAX business model
From the earliest days of WiMAX, Korea Telecom (KT) has been one of the foremost advocates and a trailblazer in WiMAX application. KT’s success as a telecom operator and as a WiMAX pioneer has attracted worldwide attention. The following insights are taken from a speech by Dr. Hyun-Pyo Kim, Director of the WiBro Business Unit at Korea Telecom. (WiBro: Wireless Broadband, Korean brand name of mobile WiMAX.)
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orea Telecom pioneered the world’s first mobile WiMAX service in 2006 and, s ince then, has continued to rapidly
deploy innovative WiMAX-based services. Neighboring countries, with similar hinterland such as Malaysia and Taiwan, are expected to develop similar WiMAX models. With global relevance in mind, this article is focused on KT’s marketing strategy, business achievements, and practical experience obtained in a region and economy highly suited to WiMAX deployment.
Responding to changing lifestyles
Enhanced communications and the mobile Internet have changed the life of Koreans. However, current mobile Internet based on cellular network cannot support heavy traffic and can only support Mobile 1.0 service. Mobile Internet is expensive in any economy, and evolving needs make it no longer the optimum technology to meet the multi-service/multi-platform demands of today’s customers and their source
providers. To provide reliable and true mobile broadband service (Mobile 2.0), KT WiBro has now committed to establishment of a mobile WiMAX network.
The mobile WiMAX network will accommodate three trends in modern communication development: IP-based, mobile, and broadband. The main features of Mobile 2.0 service based on mobile WiMAX will deliver: (1) An open platform supporting complete Internet browsing, (2) User-generated contents (UGC), (3) High speed delivery, and (4) Low cost functionality and operation.
Learning from success
As a WiMAX pioneer, KT WiBro has accumulated a literal treasure trove o f opera t iona l exper i ence . KT has determined optimal end-to-end equipment applications, including terminal equipment for end users. For customers the company’s pricing studies have resulted in competitive but affordable pricing for WiBro services. From a corporate standpoint the pricing strategies are equally attractive - while the promotional price for 1G services is only USD10, KT still realizes increasing profits. KT has also achieved the best network quality. When compared with other 3G networks, the WiBro service demonstrates clearly superior uplink and downlink rates. Again, this plays to customer satisfaction and increased applications by users and service providers. Finally, WiBro provides convergent services such as an open platform based on an IP network to
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support a mobile triple play service.
Phase-by-phase network deployment
Following the granting of KT’s license in early 2005, the mobile WiMAX network was deployed in selected regions for a two-month trial period in May 2006 - with some equipment being tested with commercial application. After the trial period, KT launched soft commercial service for this region.
The full commercial service provision for Seoul formally commenced in April 2007, and KT has continued to expand the coverage phase by phase. Subsequently, KT’s network will soon be able to support MIMO, which is expected to enhance network performance even more.
KT ’s mob i l e WiMAX ne twork goa l s a re to provide seamless services based on existing infrastructure. Complimenting mobile WiMAX network, KT already has a Wi-Fi network covering densely populated hotspot areas, and a subsidiary company KTF (Korea Telecom Freetel) providing nationwide 2G/3G networks. Through these networks and multiple technologies together, KT provides seamless data services for subscribers across the entire Korean market.
In response to market demand, KT is gradually expanding its network capacity and, in the process, has deployed many different types of repeaters. For instance, optical fiber or RF repeaters are used according to differences in coverage requirements - with optical fiber repeaters being generally used in the areas with weak signal strength such as buildings or in areas without signal coverage.
BS equipment is mainly categorized into indoor/outdoor BS and KT uses ASN gateway equipment to manage connections. In terms of the NM system, KT has different charging systems and charges different rates according to subscription condition.
Following initial network deployment, KT conducted tests and trial operations to assess effectiveness. The average download and upload
throughput on the mobile WiMAX network was greatly increased, compared with HSDPA network.
Wide variety of terminals
KT designed a diverse range of terminals to meet varying needs. For the mass consumer market, KT provides USB dongles for laptop users, and mobile WiMAX embedded laptops. Also, to meet the needs of those who want to bring one terminal, KT developed compact multi-mode smart phone which integrates CDMA and mobile WiMAX functions. For vertical market, KT provides user devices with special business application to each market segment.
Currently, the USB dongles have gained a majority of the nationwide market share. Covering a wide instance of use, KT is going to offer additional mobile equipment and electronics products, such as digital cameras, which are also embedded with WiMAX chipset. These product applications fall into three categories.
The first category is card equipment. During soft commercialization in 2006, mobile WiMAX PCMCIA card was first released. In 2007, three types of external USB dongles were released. The first was dual-mode supporting both mobile WiMAX and HSDPA. The second was single-mode, which supported only WiMAX. The last was also dual-mode equipment, supporting mobile WiMAX and Terrestrial DMB (T-DMB). In Korea, T-DMB is a mobile TV service. All these products have proven popular in the diverse Korean marketplace, and continue to be evolved with the intent of maintaining existing users while attracting new subscribers and increasing overall use.
The second category of terminal includes the smart phone and the PMP. Currently there are three types of smart phones available. These are produced by Samsung and LG. These products are triple-mode equipment, supporting mobile WiMAX, CDMA, and T-DMB. All three types of smart phone have been commercially released.
KT’s mobile WiMAX business model
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Subscribers access CDMA network to make voice call or access mobile WiMAX network to use WiBro services. The same units allow broadcast TV through the T-DMB system. The PMP with mobile WiMAX chipset embedded is also dual-mode equipment. It supports WiMAX and T-DMB, enabling convenient web browsing.
The third category of terminal is the laptop or UMPC embedded with mobile WiMAX chipset. Samsung has developed mobile WiMAX embedded UMPC with unique feature, such as foldaway keyboard.
Focusing on core services
WiBro services fall into three categories, core services, competitive services, and differentiated services. Core services reinforce WiBro’s unique style of service provision. KT’s core services include UGC, Web Mail, My Web, PC Control, and Mul t i -Board se r v ice s . When a subscriber connects a cell phone or a PC to the mobile WiMAX network, these services become available.
UGC•
The UGC service enables the subscriber to upload personal video clips or photos to the UGC portal. When the subscriber enters the UGC interface, they can access their personal contents on the typical portal website, which is fully integrated with the UGC.
Web Mail•
This is an integrated e-mail management service provided through smart phones. KT integrated three portal websites that are frequently used. Usually, when people want to check all of their e-mails, they might need to log in to different portal websites using different accounts. With the KT Web Mail service, multiple portal websites are integrated into a smart phone, so the subscriber just needs to click one icon to check all mail. A list of the portal websites, with sent and received mails is displayed when the subscriber clicks on the corresponding icon. Downloads and queries become much easier.
My Web•
The KT My Web s e r v i c e a l l ows subscribers to exchange information through a fixed website. Users can view the desired information without visiting every URL. Target website destinations can be preset and categorized. Then the subscriber can click the icon of My Web to open each website category page. After entering a category, the subscriber can immediately locate all the preset websites.
PC Control•
The PC Control service integrates a subscriber’s home PC, office PC, mobile equipment, and network storage media into a smart phone. Through the PC controller, the subscriber can remotely edit any document or play MP3 files.
Multi-Board•
The Multi-Board service serves as a h igh-qual i ty, mult i -channel , and m u l t i m e d i a c o n f e r e n c e p l a t f o r m . Subscribers can use smart phone to participate in a video conference. What really interests KT’s subscribers is the ability to share web pages at the same time, watch video clips together, or handle business matters simultaneously.
Customized services•
Some subscribers require customized s e r v i c e s , s u c h a s n e w s , e v e r y d a y information, popular video clips, T-DMB mobile TV, and portal websites. Back in April of 2007 when these services were newly launched, only around 5000 subscribers signed up. However, when all commercial services were provided, the subscriber numbers exploded. The growth ratio was ten times greater than experienced on launch of initial services. As network coverage is improved, KT anticipates an even faster increase in subscriber numbers.
Flexible marketing strategies
With powerful products and a wide variety of terminals, KT has developed several killer applications and binding products. Price: The current pricing strategy is a partial flat rate that can be widely accepted. Promotion: KT has conducted various promotional activities with varied
orientation. For example, college students are major customers, so KT has conducted student-specific price plan. KT has also conducted joint promotional activities together with the company’s commercial partners. Last, but not least, are distribution channels. Sales distribution for KT’s products is performed through its subsidiary companies, dedicated channels, and online tools.
KT provides four levels of standard prices for the partial flat-rate subscribers. It also provides two service packages, namely the Saver and the Free packages to spur the development of WiMAX service. As mentioned earlier, The Saver package costs only USD10 for up to 1GB. In addition, for Saver subscribers who require large throughputs, KT provides the Fun, UGC, and Life packages. For an additional three dollars, subscribers can enjoy all of the three content packages without limitation or impacting the 1GB already purchased. The promotional price of the Free package is no more than USD20, and the promotion runs until the end of 2008.
KT also provides WiBro+Megapass (Fixed Broadband) and WiBro+Show ( W C D M A ) p a c k a g e p r o d u c t s . WiBro+Megapass is a package consisting of mobile and fixed broadband services. KT’s broadband fixed services have over 50% of the domestic market share, making KT the leading operator in Korea. These two package products afford major price advantages.
Communicate anywhere
The vision of KT is to be a market leader in the Mobile 2.0 era and provide advanced broadband rich service for subscribers so that they can communicate, not only when in one place, but also when they are on the move. It is also KT’s goal for subscribers to be able to enjoy real-time and personalized broadcasts created by other remote users. Ultimately, KT believes Korea’s WiBro service is providing good examples and business cases to help operators build a world with networks everywhere, allowing people to access the Internet anywhere, anytime, and through any terminal.
Editor: Xue Hua [email protected]
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Refined WiMAX 16e network planningBy Zhang Congling & Xie Guozhu
i M A X t e c h n o l o g y attracted considerable industry-wide interest f r o m t h e m o m e n t o f
its inception. It effectively combines broadband data into mobile technologies, and its flawless integration capability i s ab le to sa t i s fy s t rong subscr iber demands rapidly for mobile broadband-based network access, operators in turn benefit from a highly efficient platform through which to deliver competitive and differentiated services. Subsequently, identifying methods to achieve cost-e f fect ive WiMAX construct ion has emerged as a key research area.
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A strong relationship exists between a high quality WiMAX network and
refined network planning. The key technologies and applications specific
to WiMAX 16e pose a range of new network planning challenges.
The widely and randomly distributed WiMAX 16e frequency bands are 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 3.5GHz. The frequencies of traffic channel bandwidth are 5MHz, 7MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz. Sub-carrier allocation modes span: Partially Used Sub-Carrier (PUSC), PUSC with all SC/Fully Used Sub-Carrier (FUSC), and Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR).
Planning a WiMAX 16e network presents a wide range of challenges in terms of securing effective implementation methodologies. Deployment needs to optimally utilize an operator’s frequency re source s ; reduce BTS numbers to decrease capital expenditure (CAPEX) and
operation expenditure (OPEX); minimize inter-system interference; and ensure sufficient indoor and outdoor coverage.
Huawei’s rich 2G/3G network planning experience has proved invaluable in the development of its WiMAX 16e network planning solution. The solution features innovation in frequency planning, multi-antenna technology, interference control, and network planning tools. Moreover, Huawei is able to customize multi-scenario indoor coverage solutions for operators’ spec i f i c needs and thus he lp them enhance the value of WiMAX 16e’s core competitiveness.
Maximizing spectral efficiency
In a Wi M A X 1 6 e n e t w o r k , t h e common sub-carrier allocation modes are PUSC, “PUSC with all SC/FUSC” and FFR.
Under PUSC, each sector employs only a third of the available frequency resources, and neighboring sectors util ize sub-channel resources without mutual conflict. As a result, interference is relatively small. Limited power resources are centrally applied to partial sub-carriers, yielding an extremely high downlink coverage distance. While the PUSC mode features good coverage, its spectral efficiency is lower than that of both the “PUSC with all SC/FUSC” and FFR modes.
Under “PUSC with all SC/FUSC”, all sub-channel resources are utilized and BTS and sector throughputs are relatively high. This mode boasts the least network interference and is easy to implement, but it consumes comparatively more frequency resources.
Un d e r F F R , t h e l e v e l o f s e c t o r throughput is between that of the other
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such as 5MHz. The solution maintains inter-antenna isolation, reduces inter-system interference between neighboring frequencies, and guarantees optimal equipment and system performance.
To realize WiMAX co-location with other systems, Huawei’s extensive research and practical tests have culminated in a so lu t ion tha t i so l a t e s ve r t i ca l or horizontal space for inter-system antennae installation. Doing so minimizes interference between WiMAX and other systems.
For a 2.5G WiMAX project in Japan, Huawei proposed a customized medium nar rowband f i l t e r so lut ion for the operator. By adopting FFR to obviate the interference between several operators’ n e i g h b o r i n g f r e q u e n c i e s , Hu a we i successfully delivered a highly efficient WiMAX 16e commercial network.
Guaranteeing the network quality
Comprehensive network planning tools
Effective network planning tools are crucial to guaranteeing network quality. In orientation to customer requirements for mobile network planning, Huawei incorporated its 10-plus years’ network planning and optimization experience to develop a GENEX portfolio tools solution. The series of GENEX tools comprise: GENEX U-NET (a mobile network planning platform), GENEX Probe and GENEX Assistant (drive test systems), and GENEX Nastar (a mobile network performance monitoring and optimization system).
The GENEX U-NET enhances mobile network planning by implementing coverage and capacity planning, planning verification, auto-site selection, and propagation model self-cal ibration. Moreover, U-NET can simultaneously support several types of networks. It allows for the impact of multiple factors on coverage and capacity, including service requirements, MIMO, the permutation zone, sub-carrier allocation, modulation mode, and coding repetition times.
different scenarios, we can select the most appropriate multi-antenna technology solutions. This can considerably extend network coverage, minimize BTS numbers, and reduce network CAPEX & OPEX.
In August 2007, Huawei and the operator, JCOM, jointly performed an outdoor field test in Tokyo to evaluate MIMO Matrix-A application. The results exhibited a 4 - 6dB coverage gain.
Disabling MIMO in an urban area gives a 1.1km coverage radius when the terminal is configured with a PCMCIA card. After enabling MIMO, coverage increases by 45% to 1.6km, and the number of BTS is reduced by 50%.
Minimizing inter-system interference
Interference is a major problem in mobile communications systems. In an area where different operators’ WiMAX TDD sys tems employ ne ighbor ing frequencies, inter-system interference is inevitable, especially if two systems are not synchronized. The increasing number of WiMAX commercial sites makes it more difficult to obtain new site locations. Therefore, WiMAX needs to be co-located with other systems such as GSM, CDMA or UMTS. In such cases, inter-system interference exists.
Huawei has managed to solve the issue of coexisting WiMAX systems that operate in one area and use neighboring frequencies . Huawei “co-locat ion + synchronization” solution mitigates inter-system interference by synchronizing WiMAX systems and adopting an identical proportion of uplink and downlink sub-frames to eliminate inter-BS interference.
Conjoined deployment can help reduce negative system impact from the far-near effect. An operator can optimally exploit frequency resources to maximize system throughput without reserving an additional guard band.
When two operators’ WiMAX systems cannot be co-located or synchronized, Huawei provides a customized BTS narrowband filter solution. This adopts closer frequency reuse mode, for example FFR, and reserves certain guard bands
two modes. The entire network employs only one frequency point and delivers the highest spectral efficiency, but system interference is relatively high.
The three allocation modes all possess advantages and disadvantages. We need to select the most suitable sub-carrier allocation mode based on an operator’s specific frequency resources and network deployment requirements.
For example , in a 3 .5G WiMAX project in Georgia, the operator obtained paired frequency bands, both of which are 40MHz. According to the existing frequency resources of the operator, Huawei has proposed a “10MHz channel bandwidth + PUSC with all SC 1 x 4 x 4” solution. The entire network adopts a BTS as a reuse cluster for frequency planning. Each BTS is configured with four sectors, and there are four frequencies for networking. The proportion of uplink to downlink sub-frames is 31:15.
The solution maximizes the operator’s frequency resources. The downlink and uplink per sector peak rates are above 20Mbit/s and 5Mbit/s respectively. The sector spectral efficiency is twice or three times greater than that of other mobile communications systems. The maximum throughput per BTS reaches 100Mbit/s, which meets subscriber requirements for ultra-broadband mobile access services. With these features and benefits, the solution was welcomed by the operator.
Reducing BTS numbersMult iple Input Mult iple Output
(MIMO) technology is the key to reducing both BTS numbers and CAPEX.
Compared with Single Input Single Output (SISO), MIMO generates coverage gains of 4 - 6dB using transmit diversity technology’s Matrix-A 2 x 2, which significantly extends coverage distance.
When the pre-coding MIMO-Beam Forming (MIMO-BF) technology is employed, MIMO generates an additional coverage gain of 3 - 6dB. With MIMO-2T4R technology, MIMO extends the uplink coverage range by an additional 2.5 - 3.5dB, which translates as a radial gain of 25%.
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For a new network, U-NET suggests h igh-qual i ty network construct ion methods. For an overlay network, it seeks to optimally utilize existing network resources and minimize the impact of new sites on the existing network.
The GENEX Probe and GENEX Assistant are mainly used for network construction and maintenance. The GENEX Nastar represents the trump card in terms of network optimization. The solution can perform seamless association analysis by importing GENEX Probe-derived drive test data into the U-NET for model calibration. Nastar is also able to verify U-NET planning results.
To date, GENEX portfolio solutions have been successfully applied by the leading global operators worldwide, including Leap in America, TATA in India, and BT in the UK.
Multi-scenario indoor coverage
The existing frequency bands used for WiMAX are higher than those found in other mobile communication systems, causing greater space propagation losses. WiMAX services, meanwhile, are mainly used indoors. Therefore, appropriate indoor coverage solutions for diversified scenarios are crucial to the WiMAX network quality.
xDSL replacement solution•
When WiMAX replaces xDSL, an operator must focus on identifying low-cost construction methods, while catering to the network access requirements of household users, and small and medium-sized corporate subscribers.
In these scenarios, outdoor customer premise equipment (CPE) or window-mounted CPE are used to facilitate indoor coverage. Outdoor CPE is equipped with high-gain outdoor antennae, which increase coverage rad ius by 300%. Window-mounted CPE is an attractive option for operators due to its ease of installation and “window-against-antenna” design.
The STC WiMAX 16e network forms Huawei’s first Middle Eastern WiMAX commercial network. It adopts numerous window-mounted CPEs, and successfully
elevates the quality of indoor coverage signals by using the same number of sites.
Small-to-medium capacity solution•
We recommend the low-cost Pico BTS + Distributed Access System (DAS) indoor coverage solution for areas characterized by small-to-medium capacity demands, such as shopping plazas or residential areas. Smaller and lighter than a macro BTS, the Pico BTS is the same size as a portable computer and is thus applicable to a variety of indoor environments. Moreover, several systems can easily share the antennae system through this indoor coverage solution.
Large capacity and wide coverage • solution
Our “distributed BTS + DAS” solution responds to areas that necessitate large capacity and wide coverage capabilities, such as gyms, airports and exhibition halls. Based on mature HSPA distributed BTS technology, the WiMAX distributed BTS describes a compact, high capacity, multi-band networking unit. It is easy to install, enables rapid network deployment, and dramatically reduces costs associated with site location, equipment rooms, and auxiliary equipment.
Large capacity and centralized • coverage solution
A luxurious mansion provides an example of a site that requires large capacity and centralized coverage. In such a case, we recommend the “indoor Distributed BS System (iDBS)” solution. The iDBS offers high capacity, wide coverage, high receiver sensitivity, and low expenditure in terms of project implementa t ion and maintenance . Additionally, it realizes cell splitting, and facilitates capacity expansion via a simple data configuration adjustment, negating the need for costly and complex engineering reconstruction.
When indoor distribution system • cannot be deployed
In buildings where special regulations apply, for example in buildings protected by cultural heritage laws, i t may be impossible to deploy indoor distribution system if its construction parameters cannot be satisfied. In this instance, an outdoor BTS antenna can be sharply up tilted or down tilted. Mobile signals directly penetrate the building to achieve indoor coverage, without the need for a designated indoor distribution system.
T h i s s o l u t i o n r e m ov e s p r o j e c t implementation difficulties, while reducing the indoor coverage CAPEX.
We are readyBy March 2008, Huawei has held talks
with more than 100 operators worldwide regarding WiMAX standards, network planning, and network construction.
In the Asian-Pacific, Middle Eastern, African, European, North American, and Latin American regions, Huawei has already constructed over 30 trial systems and has been awarded 17 WiMAX 16e commercial contracts.
With the completion of interoperability verifications and the sustained decline in terminal prices, commercial WiMAX 16e networks are being quickly deployed throughout the world. Underpinned by a customer-first ethos, Huawei is dedicated to constructing top-grade WiMAX 16e networks with its professional, customer-oriented, and refined network planning.Editor: Li Xuefeng [email protected]
Commercial WiMAX 16e networks are being quickly deployed throughout the world. Underpinned by a customer-first ethos, Huawei is dedicated to constructing top-grade
WiMAX 16e networks with its professional, customer-
oriented, and refined network planning.
Refined WiMAX 16e network planning
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JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41 34
Notable for its enormous potential, WiMAX Multicast Broadcast Service (MCBCS) is emerging as the most viable technology for mobile TV, a new service that looks poised to become hugely important for the mobile industry.
Great market potential
obile Internet is now integral to our modern l ife. There are generally three major mobile data customer groups, and each is characterized by
different needs and tastes. Communication (e-mail, messaging, conferencing), Entertainment (games, video, music), and Information management (databases, documents, note-taking) delineate the main categories, although they possess some overlapping features.
Mobile TV & video presently account for one third of the mobile Internet market. Based on falling prices due to increasingly mass application and consumption, this figure is destined to rise dramatically. Gartner statistics indicate that mobile TV users - including unicast - will reach 1 billion by 2012.
This prediction is consolidated by existing, widespread commercial deployment trends. In 2004 NTT DoCoMo launched the world’s first mobile
TV service based on unicast technology. This was soon followed by SKT in 2005 and by Verizon, who provide mobile TV via DMB broadcasting and Media flow technology respectively. To date, around 30 countries have deployed mobile TV networks, and this number is rising on a monthly basis. It’s believed that mobile TV will start to boom in the 2008 - 2009 timeframe.
Leading WiMAX MCBCS technology
Competition promotes mobile TV
The rapid evolution of mobile technology supports higher capacity networks, and as such is both enabling and accelerating the popularity of mobile TV. Originally voice formed the successful driver for 2G networks and, today, video and TV underpin 3G deployment. The evolution from 3G to 4G is set to be stimulated by services that offer
A great opportunity for WiMAX
By Cao Jie
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Mobile TVMobile TV
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enhanced quality. Quality indicators span increased bandwidth, e levated sophistication in terms of large-scale information provision, and improved customization capabilities. The maturity of key 4G technologies such as OFDMA, MIMO, and optimized MAC scheduling algorithms realize a range of desirable features. These include enhanced handover and mobility, major infrastructure design requirements that promote a rapid response, elevated session rates, increased capacity, reduced user charges, swift return on investment (ROI) for operators, and simplified autonomous terminals. WiMAX, in this context, describes a leading choice for pre-4G technology. Its rapid time to market provides an ALL IP flat network solution that can complement existing 2G/3G networks so as to deliver mobile TV and video services with a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS).
Based on the mobile access methods mentioned above, Table 1 details a variety of competing technologies that are available for mobile TV service provision. The three main categories cover mobile and broadcast networks, and DVB-SH for satellite. The availability of multiple broadcasting technologies offers operators more options to choose from, and vendors richer experiences in mobile TV solutions. Additionally, the competition between different technologies is necessary to promote the development of mobile TV.
WiMAX MCBCS: the right choice
Given that 3G networks are currently under utilized, some mobile operators are offering streamed TV and video content at highly attractive prices to encourage consumers to adopt and use their services.
However, the capacity of a typical voice-centric WCDMA network tends to quickly reach its limit when accommodating increases in both traditional voice and data applications. WiMAX neatly sidesteps this capacity issue.
WiMAX TDD, which operates under a duplexing mode, is best suited for data applications and advanced antenna technologies. The rapid scheduling of uplinks and downlinks realizes bandwidth requirements for different applications. Flexible and divers i f ied mobi le TV and video service business models are facilitated, which results in maximized profit margins for operators.
The WiMAX Forum MCBCS sub team has been aggressively pursuing related standard development. The team has completed the first draft for MCBCS
TV Centric Telco Satellite
DVB-H T-DMB M-FLO MBMS BCMCS MCBCS DVB-SH
Commercial launch in Italy, Finland, South Africa etc; terminals available
Commercial launch in Korea and Japan; terminals available
Commercial launch in US etc; terminals available
CDMA
experimentsWiMAX standard to be published in mid 2008
Standard was published in 11/2007; no terminal available
Table 1 The competing technologies that promote Mobile TV development
Stage 2 base line text and finalized it at the Taiwan FtF meeting in October 2007. MCBCS is expected to be fully issued by Q2 2008.
In terms of network deployment, operators are broadly concerned with economic development, rapid ROI coupled with a long-term evolution potential that protects investment, device availability, appropriate pricing, and smooth upgrade capabilities can accommodate nascent applications.
WiMAX is based upon a 2-layer ALL IP network architecture and is widely regarded as a cost-effective means to provide VoIP and data services. The WiMAX Forum is committed to enabling MCBCS with minimal changes to existing networks in order to support mobile TV & video. Mobile WiMAX has enjoyed a long-term and smooth transition route towards 802.16m, which allows a network to support peak data rates with at least 6.5bps/Hz for downlinks, and 2.8bps/Hz for uplinks. Particularly with 802.16m, a dedicated carrier will be allocated for MCBCS. Optimized switching between broadcast and unicast services can be achieved, and the maximum MCBCS channel reselection interruption time is 1 second for intra frequency and 1.5 seconds for inter frequency. All these features give WiMAX operators a considerable advantage in terms of MCBCS adoption and a tangible lead with respect to mobile TV & video service provision.
The above analysis underpins our belief that 3G-based enterprises should boost ARPU by taking advantage of the unused capacity and availability that can be found in multicast broadcast technology. This can fulfill the needs of mobile TV & video service users who form a third of the mobile Internet market. However, we
WiMAX is based upon a 2-layer ALL IP network
architecture and is widely regarded as a cost-effective means to provide VoIP and data services. The WiMAX
Forum is committed to enabling MCBCS with minimal changes to
existing networks in order to support mobile TV &
video.
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Mobile TV - A great opportunity for WiMAX
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By Gao Lei & Li Chun
are aware that both unicast and multicast based on a 3G network are cost prohibitive in a mass market context.
High levels of investment are necessary for the deployment of proprietary mobile TV technologies based on sa te l l i t e networks. The cost per subscriber is expedient, but applications are unable to be personalized. Satellite, therefore, is only a temporary or complementary choice to broadcast architectures.
WiMAX MCBCS, however, renders multicast cost-competitive with broadcast technology, and it is scaleable to serve the mass market. Thus, it forms a long term solution for the mass consumption of mobile TV & video applications.
An innovative approach
The WiMAX mobile TV solution
With this vision in mind, Huawei has partnered with NextWave, a global provider of mobile multimedia and mobile broadband technologies, to announce a strategic agreement that seeks to jointly develop the market advanced WiMAX broadcast solutions for mobile operators worldwide. This collaboration will bring WiMAX solutions to the market more rapidly, and offer a cost effective way to meet the growing need for mobile TV and broadcast services.
WiMAX MBS solution features simple design and ALL IP flat architecture, as illustrated in Fig. 1. On the access network side, there are base stations (BSs) and a gateway. In the core network, a MBS Controller (MBSC) is connected to the content server that can operate under the control of an operator or a third party. AAA is employed to perform authentication and authorization with appropriate user profile information, collect billing information, and then send it to the Business Operation Support System (BOSS). To provide this solution, NextWave is working on the IP Encapsulator and MBSC. Huawei is providing the following network elements and associated functionalities: ASN-GW, BS, and AAA.
The two ways to provide mobile TV are through unicast and broadcast, and they differ in three basic aspects: channels (dedicated or common), requirements (individual or general), and tariffs (high or low). Mobile TV services usually embody a basic service need in the form of programs with mass appeal. Examples include live sporting events and real-time news. Pay-to-view prime time programs target a given user group with specific interests, and these are not necessarily live programs.
Therefore, we suggest using broadcast for basic services and unicast for targeted services. Given this, the Huawei/NextWave solution delivers a flexible business model that responds to the varied demands of
both mass and specific user groups.
Coherent partnership-based development
As a key player in the WiMAX Forum, Huawei has been notably proactive, and currently enjoys a leading position in MCBCS development. In January 2007, Huawei proposed the first complete MCBCS technical solution (MXtv) to the WiMAX Network Working Group (NWG), and this now forms the base for proposal integration. NextWave finalized MXtv, and by doing so realized a milestone in a process that has given the company a wealth of experience in the mobile TV field. NextWave is continuing to closely liaise with Huawei regarding the formation of a standardized technology.
In April 2007, Huawei successfully demonstrated its WiMAX solution for real-time monitoring to China Mobile and, as such, was selected to provide the mobile broadband network to support mobile video applications for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
Huawei’s r ich experience in next generation broadband networks has positioned it as a leader in a range of telecommunication fields, including IP and mobile transmission. Furthermore, we are active in discussions with other companies concerning the provision of chipsets and related solutions.
During CTIA 2008, Huawei showcased the fruit of its partnership with NextWave by demonstrating the extremely well received mobile TV solution. We thus anticipate a robust end-to-end WiMAX mobile TV solution that will be available for commercial launch by the second half of 2008.
Embracing the spirit of partnership that is central to cohesive development, Huawei is currently working with over 100 global operators to progress WiMAX deployment and applications. To date, we have been awarded 17 WiMAX contracts and over 35 trials, which are serving to accelerate the future development of mobile TV. We are certain that mobile TV represents a great opportunity for WiMAX.
Editor: Joy [email protected]
Fig. 1 WiMAX MBS solution
R2
MS
R6
R4
Home agent AAA
R3
R1
Air interface
ASP NSP
Internet
ASN-CW
Nodes porvided by NextWave
MBS controller
IP encapsulator
Content server
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By Zhang Youzhi
Early concerns
any countries worldwide are currently deploying W i M A X n e t w o r k s . During the init ial stage
in a network construction project, what concern operators most are: seeking to minimize investment; guaranteeing rapid implementation; simplifying O&M; providing carrier-class applications; and facilitating seamless, future-oriented capac i ty expans ion and evo lut ion . These requirements can be div ided under capacity, network, and service development.
In terms of capacity, an increase in subscriber base is natural. A WiMAX network, therefore, requires smooth expansion capability, although the initial number of subscribers is few. During initial network deployment, operators focus on key area coverage as low subscriber throughput requires low network capacity.
W i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e n e t w o r k , operators expect rapid construction and commercialization in order to keep CAPEX as low as possible. This is coupled with the need to minimize cabinet numbers, assure effective O&M and service development, and lower OPEX. Integral to the network is its ability to evolve in line with mobile
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The Compact WiMAX
Small is big
To achieve great things, an abundance of effort and an eye for details are both prerequisite. The same premise applies to WiMAX development.
The Compact WiMAX - Small is big
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technology development, and reuse existing network broadband NEs to avoid repeat investment.
With regard to service development, an operator firstly considers the development of broadband Internet access services. These primarily comprise fixed-broadband access and VoIP services, and VPN services for enterprise subscribers. Moreover, a WiMAX network must possess an operational billing capability that contains billing and end-to-end QoS assurance.
Compact WiMAX answers the call
At present, small scale commercial trials of WiMAX networks are taking place around the world. In order to help operators rapidly deploy an economical network and quickly gain subscribers, Huawei provides its Compact WiMAX solution.
With a 50,000-subscriber capacity and a 1Gbit/s throughput, the solution consists of multiple NEs including ASN-GW, M2000, AAA, DNS, and BOSS. All are integrated into one compact cabinet, which is convenient to transport, install, and maintain. Moreover, its speed of deployment greatly expedites network planning.
The Compac t WiMAX so lu t ion effectively meets the requirements of small-scale and first-stage commercial application, and enables operators to explore the market quickly and easily. Moreover, the addit ion of cabinets facilitates smooth capacity evolution and larger-scale commercial application.
High integration
The Compact WiMAX provides the same services as an ordinary solution, while all NEs are easily housed by one cabinet, which occupies only 1/3 or 1/4 of the area of an ordinary cabinet. Excluding b roadband and VPN s e r v i c e s , th e Compact WiMAX solution enables NGN/IMS connections in order to realize VoIP, which accelerates market access.
The Compac t WiMAX so lu t ion integrates the future-oriented ATCA
platform with the AAA, M2000, BOSS, and DNS. The ASN-GW emp loy s the cutting-edge NE40-4 platform to guarantee 99.999% reliability. Using the switching function, the ATCA platform shares disk array and tape drives with other related products, and simplifies the NE backup mechanism.
Better service experiences
The Compac t WiMAX so lu t ion delivers high-speed, economical, and stable Internet services to subscribers via portable and mobile terminals. Evolution to and integration with an IMS network allows Compact WiMAX to provide richer services, WiMAX-based VoIP, and seamless handover between voice and data services.
It should be noted that the Compact Wi M A X n e t w o r k u s e s a n A L L I P infrastructure that shares a platform with the Huawei HSPA/LTE/UMB. The WiMAX network derives multiple mul t imed ia app l i c a t ions f rom the IMS network, and the two networks share mechanisms for unified network management, subscriber management, and subscriber authentication. Shared applications and services include voice and multimedia, push-to-talk, voice call continuity (VCC), multimedia video conferencing, convergent Centrex, and CRBT. The system supports prepaid, postpaid, and multiple billing policies.
Sharing site resources, antenna feeders, and transmission equipment with existing 2G networks, the WiMAX network reduces network construction costs and eliminates repeat investment. Subscribers can obtain a service experience quality that matches that of a traditional network.
Flexible billing policy
A BOSS sy s t em i s embedded in the Compact WiMAX cabinet that i m p l e m e n t s i n d e p e n d e n t n u m b e r allocation, comprehensive billing, and supports time/traffic based, and prepaid/postpaid billing policies. The BOSS system uses a Web interface that achieves customer service center access, and provides an array of interfaces for expansion, and standard interfaces that interoperate with existing BOSS systems. Moreover, subscriber information is uniformly managed, and the solution supports flexible billing method customization. It can provide basic billing functions for individuals, and supports VPN billing for enterprise subscribers, traffic-based billing and monthly fee modes.
Simple maintenance and reduced TCO
Every NE in the Compact WiMAX solution is managed through the M2000. The Compact WiMAX solution realizes remote management, simple and convenient operating processes, and the reduction of O&M costs by at least a third.
Operators can flexibly and smoothly expand capacity by adding cabinets to the Compact WiMAX solution via the solution’s combined cabinet mode. AAA can use the distributed database, and the new generation BS employs an advanced ALL IP platform. This enables smooth evolution from 16e to 16m, and integrates flawlessly with multi-standard BSs.
It is impossible to take a thousand steps without first taking one. Compact WiMAX deployment represents the first step to success. The solution is certified and endorsed by industry experts, and proven to be the right choice for more and more operators.
Editor: Xu Peng [email protected]
The Compact WiMAX solution effectively meets the requirements of small-scale and first-stage commercial application, and enables operators to explore the
market quickly and easily. Moreover, the addition of cabinets facilitates smooth
capacity evolution and larger-scale commercial
application.
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Wireless broadband ushers in a new age
39
Wireless broadband
ccording to a recent report from Juniper Research, the growth of WiMAX services will accelerate from 2009 to 2011. Projections
show that by 2013, the number o f WiMAX subscribers will increase to 47 million and the annual revenue of WiMAX service wil l exceed USD20 billion. WiMAX is clearly the emerging new wireless broadband technology that promises a new era of wireless broadband services.
Broadband on the move
OVUM predicts that there will be 420
By Liu Wang & Peng Hong
million broadband subscribers by 2010. For many of us, the Internet has become an integral part of our day-to-day routines. It provides rich information, services, and applications that enhance communications and our lives, both at work and play.
At present , three common wired broadband service access technologies are available: Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC), and Ethernet. Wired access limits mobility and cannot provide broadband access services anytime, anywhere and with any terminal. So the question is, how to provide wireless broadband access services while assuring ample bandwidth for the subscribers?
In some countries, even the deployment
and maintenance of fixed lines is difficult, copper cable resources are scarce, and broadband Internet access remains low. These areas are well suited for WiMAX deployment to meet broadband service requirements.
As an emerging new wireless broadband technology based on IEEE 802.16, WiMAX can help overcome the obstacles caused by fixed lines, and increasingly more operators are seeing the light.
WiMAX: a prime choice
WiMAX offers broadband service operators a golden opportunity with these
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ushers in a new age
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Here are some di f ferent WiMAX network deployment so lut ions and different application scenarios:
Scenario 1: For the new operators without broadband resources in the existing network, Huawei recommends an independent WiMAX networking solution, which includes the WiMAX BS, ASN-GW, AAA/HA, plus network management and billing system.
Scenario 2: For operators that have f ixed DSL resources and broadband networks, Huawei recommends integrating the WiMAX network with the f ixed DSL network. By hybrid networking, the operators can reuse the BRAS, AAA, network management system, and billing system of their existing network and need to deploy only WiMAX BS, ASN-GW, and HA.
Optimal cost and fastest speed
To reduce initial operator investment and to speed up commercial ization, Huawei has innovative schemes such as a compact WiMAX cabinet, distributed BS, and equipment reuse.
The compact WiMAX cabinet scheme adopts the advanced ATCA platform, which integrates the ASN-GW, AAA, EMS, DNS, DHCP, BOSS, and Firewall into one cabinet. Only a compact cabinet and the BS are required to rapidly deploy a high performance operable commercial network.
The distributed BS scheme reduces the difficulty in obtaining site resources, consumes less electrical power, and requires less man-hours, space and transmission resources. It can reduce the TCO by more than 30%. The 35% efficiency of the power amplifier enables the RRU to be installed without a fan on the tower and reduces the feeder loss by 2 - 3dB. An output power of up to 20W per sector enlarges the coverage area by 20 - 30% and reduces the number of sites.
The equ ipment reu s e s cheme i s applicable to the operator that has fixed bandwidth resources. It optimally utilizes the existing network equipment and resources, reduces investment, and ramps up network deployment time.
Provide stable and flexible services
Huawei’ WiMAX broadband solutions p rov i d e m a x i m u m f l e x i b i l i t y a n d convenient high-speed wireless broadband access services for your subscribers. The WiMAX broadband solutions support I P - C S a n d E T H - C S f e a t u r e s a n d provide Layer 2 and Layer 3-based VPN applications, and can meet the diversified requirements of both individual and enterprise subscribers. Based on the ETH-CS feature, the WiMAX solutions support the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) service mode exactly the same as that supported by ADSL. Subscribers can have exactly the same service experiences; operators can cut promotional costs and in a short time gain a larger market share.
Adopt diversified billing modes
In Huawei’s WiMAX broadband so lu t ion , the AAA comes wi th the prepaid function built in. It supports the independent prepaid service mode without traditional IN support. Investment and operational costs for the IN are saved and network deployment time is shortened.
In addition, the AAA can interoperate with the BOSS system that is embedded in the compact cabinet or the existing BOSS system to support the postpaid service mode. Huawei’s WiMAX broadband solution now supports time-based and traffic-based billing solutions. In the future, it will support content-based billing to help the operator further profit by selling content services. It also supports flexible call rate settings, such as discounts, allowing the operator to offer different call rates according to different market segments.
Thanks to WiMAX, we will be able to enjoy convenient and fast network services anytime, anywhere, with any terminal to enhance any lifestyle. From basic voice services to brilliant multimedia services, from work to entertainment, and from downloading to social networking to personal show creation - The future is here and WiMAX will boldly lead us into a new world of ubiquitous wireless broadband services.
advantages:First is rapid network deployment and
obvious cost advantage. WiMAX is a wireless access technology
that doesn’t require huge infrastructure investments such as routing and requires very low license expenditures. Featuring low cost, easy management, wide coverage, seamless handover, and smooth upgrades, WiMAX lets operators quickly deploy a network with minimal CAPEX and OPEX.
WiMAX is best suited for broadband Internet access in areas with weak fixed line infrastructure and strict cost controls. The low cost and fast deployment of WiMAX networks allows new operators to quickly deploy a network, provide differentiated services and be first in their respective markets to do so.
Second is high-speed access and rich service experiences.
Theoretically, WiMAX supports up to 70Mbit/s access rate, providing high-speed broadband access experiences resembling ADSL. Also, WiMAX can be integrated with IMS to provide abundant IP multimedia services, and broadband operators can become service providers instead of simple pipeline suppliers.
Third is abundant application scenarios and convergent services capability.
WiMAX networks can be applied to abundant scenarios in fixed, nomadic, portable, simple mobile, and full mobile access modes. It can also be integrated with 2G/3G mobile networks to enrich 2G/3G services and enhance the entire network.
Ready to deploy a WiMAX network?
Huawei can provide state-of-the-art, end-to-end WiMAX broadband access solutions, including access equipment, core networks, service networks, bearer network, terminals, professional services, network planning and optimization, engineering and maintenance services, and expert consultants to meet any and all implementation requirements.
Select a suitable network deployment mode Editor: Pan Tao [email protected]
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Choosing the right partner for GSM data servicesBy Zhang Ruizhao & Mao Weihua
Mobile data services stretch GSM networks
research by Forrester Research into 23 global telecom operators evidences that mobile broadband services are destined for rapid development. These
mobile services include music, Internet, Email, TV, and online gaming. However, the widely and globally deployed GSM networks are only capable of providing low rate data services. High rate multimedia services remain firmly beyond the grasp of GSM.
Many GSM operators are focusing on mobile broadband service development as their way out. However, limited 3G licenses have restricted operators’ 3G options and insufficient spectrum
resources have intensified competition. Many operators were frustrated with what appeared to be a mission impossible, and so the race to develop alternative solutions began.
One of the viable options has emerged as GSM/WiMAX integration. Fully using existing resources, this combination of GSM/WiMAX technologies possesses the capability to deliver mobile broadband data services.
Why WiMAX?As a mobile broadband access technology,
WiMAX adopts some of the key 4G technologies including OFDMA and MIMO, and supports a rate of 75Mbit/s over the air interface. The core network employs a flat IP-based structure, which follows the current network development trends for reducing
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Choosing the right partner for GSM data services
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deployment costs and time-to-market. Not only does WiMAX achieve both,
but it also features end-to-end QoS, a robust security mechanism, and abundant multimedia IP services. These services include high-speed Internet access , operable VoIP/VT, VoD, and Mobile TV. The TDD used by the WiMAX system adapts to the uplink-downlink asymmetry of data services, which in turn promotes system resource usage.
The system supports multiple frequency bands and variable channel bandwidth, g iv ing operators access to low-cost frequency resources. Cost benefits are further afforded as the WiMAX operation license is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. In the future, moreover, WiMAX 16e will develop into the superior WiMAX 16m, which will assist operators further achieve a competitive edge.
GSM operators who choose to combine the WiMAX system with their GSM networks are positioned to provide a range of high speed mobile data services, while guaranteeing voice service QoS. This creates a fresh opportunity for business growth, satisfies their sustainable development demands, and increases their competitive abilities.
Voice and mobile broadband convergence
When establishing a WiMAX network, GSM operators must fully utilize existing resources. A step-by-step, structured approach is essential to establish a network and achieve convergence, and to successfully complete system transformation.
Fully reusing existing resources to provide hotspot coverage
When conditions are suitable, WiMAX base stations should be installed at GSM BTS sites, with both sharing an equipment room, power and transmission systems, and antenna feeders. Coexisting BTSs allows operators to achieve WiMAX coverage for hotspot areas or cities, and provide both fixed and nomadic data services after only a small investment. In non- hotspot areas, the GSM network can
still be used to provide voice services, and the promotion of data services can attract new subscribers and realize greater profits.
WiMAX equipment management is included in the existing centralized NE management system to achieve the unified management o f GSM and WiMAX equipment. This reduces deployment and O&M costs, and related personnel can gradually increase their WiMAX NE management skills and experience.
Providing continuous coverage through convergence
Converged networking brings operators a n d s u b s c r i b e r s m a n y a d va n t a g e s compared with independent networking. A subscriber usually prefers a single account number, password, bill, and a unified service platform that offers seamless service switching between different systems. Data service development has forced operators to step up investment on their GSM network-based data networks. To this end, the dual-mode BTSs that support both GSM and WiMAX can be used to achieve capacity expansion and holistic network regrouping, implement continuous WiMAX network coverage, and provide data services in full mobile and roaming modes.
IMS t e chno logy i s unre l a t ed to network access, and can be introduced to the core network to further enhance network potential. WiMAX supports seamless access to the IMS network, which enhances QoS control and guarantees, and elevates system resource utility. Moreover, IMS can support a wealth of SIP-based services such as whole-network VoIP, video telephony, converged IP Centrex, multimedia meetings, emergency calls, and location-based services. Subscribers can use any terminal that supports WiMAX to access converged services anytime, anywhere. The IMS’s service and control layers are separated, giving operators the option to provide an open service platform for third-party SPs/CPs to jointly develop additional WiMAX+IMS based services. Therefore, freedom is given to operators to construct new business models, and raise competitive ability.
As many GSM/WiMAX dual-mode
terminals are emerging, the authentication of SIM cards and subscriber information management can be unified. One SIM card can be used to deliver both voice and data services, and the network can offer VCC between WiMAX and GSM. Operators can provide continuous voice services for subscribers and achieve the complementary interworking of GSM and WiMAX networks. The GSM/WiMAX combined network supports both pre-paid and post-paid services. Through the BOSS system, operators can unify bills for GSM and WiMAX services. Therefore, OPEX is reduced and customer satisfaction enhanced.
Evolutionary development and value-added networks
Data services will hit the mainstream during the latter stages of data network development. Current trends promote upgrading to WiMAX 16m technology given that it offers stronger mobility and higher bandwidth support capabilities. B a s e d o n t e l e c o m a n d I n t e r n e t convergence, WiMAX yields greater multimedia service potential, positioning mobile operators at the core of the business chain. Mobile operators can reconstruct upstream service and content resources to fully utilize their well-established network and management platforms. Through this, they can develop new commercial cooperation modes and value-added services, further raising their competitive advantages.
F o r G S M o p e r a t o r s , W i M A X broadband wireless access can satisfy their future development demands in part and help them overcome the current bott leneck in GSM networks. They should seize the opportunities brought about by rapid data service development by employing WiMAX to implement mobile broadband services. This could help operators create new business growth points and gradually complete the service transformation. WiMAX can assist GSM operators achieve sustainable development and respond confidently to a market that is characterized by its increasingly fierce competitive environment.
Editor: Chen Yuhong [email protected]
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When WiMAX meets IMSBy Wen Yulin
WiMAX features wide coverage, high bandwidth, easy deployment, and is applicable
to fixed, roaming, and mobile scenarios. WiMAX is one of the best existing high-speed wireless broadband access
technologies to cover areas not reached by wired broadband access, plus offers radio access bearers (RAB) for various IP-based services.
As an internationally recognized and future-oriented core network architecture, the
IP Multimedia Subsystem - IMS is integrated with IT and communications functions to help operators quickly provide abundant multimedia services. The IMS can be carried over several broadband access technologies to provide an open service environment, help operators to rapidly introduce new services, save operational costs, and lay a foundation for FMC.
When WiMAX meets IMS
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WiMAX+IMS convergence solution
o s t W i M A X o p e r a t o r s t o d a y a r e newcomers who focus on Internet access and VoIP services, and emphasize the need for reducing initial TCO and carrying
out smooth expansion based on service requirements. Huawei’s WiMAX+IMS convergence solution is based on in-depth experience and a thorough understanding of operator needs.
The solution optimizes and integrates WiMAX and IMS network architecture. Both the CSN (Connection Service Network, including AAA, EMS, BSS/OSS, and DHCP/DNS) of the WiMAX network and the core components of the IMS network are based on advanced telecom computing architecture (ATCA), featuring high integration, fine scalability, and high reliability.
Apart from the BTS, all of the components (GW, CSN, and networking equipment) on the WiMAX network side are integrated into one cabinet, whereas all the components on the IMS network side are configured in two cabinets. The BSS/OSS, EMS, and DNS/DHCP can be shared between WiMAX and IMS networks.
According to actual network topology, the BSS/OSS of the existing network can be connected and the existing DNS/DHCP can be reused. This helps operators to quickly deploy a network and launch services, reducing the CAPEX. The solution further reduces the OPEX with unified network management, a small floor space, and low power consumption. Capacity for 50,000 subscribers with 1Gbit/s throughput at the initial phase of network construction can be realized. When there are more than 50,000 subscribers, network capacity can be increased by adding subracks and gateways.
In later versions of the convergence solution, the integration will be further improved with all the components integrated into one cabinet and the provision of Internet access services; the solution also decreases CAPEX and OPEX, while offering even richer multimedia services for subscribers.
Key features
Support network convergence
The WiMAX+IMS convergence solution supports SIM/USIM-based certification. In the SIM/USIM-based certification solution, the WiMAX access certification adopts the EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA, whereas the IMS access certification uses IMS-AKA. Operators and subscribers only need to maintain the same certification ind ica tor (SIM/USIM). The SIM/USIM-based certification solution can reuse the existing equipment
Being an industry-leading equipment vendor in the field of ALL IP transformation, Huawei offers a complete product line from terminal to access network, core network, service system, and BSS/OSS. Moreover, Huawei has in-depth WiMAX and IMS convergence
knowledge. Huawei’s WiMAX+IMS convergence solution incorporates the advantages of WiMAX and IMS networks to provide rich service experiences for subscribers.
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development trend.VoIP s e r v i c e ba sed on Huawe i ’s
WiMAX+IMS enables subscribers to enjoy the same service experiences as those using traditional communications technology. New telecom services of high reliability, high security, and high quality can be introduced to the Internet.
The convergent IP Centrex solution directly supports enterprise-level group services such as group calling and web calling. For example, when a subscriber receives an email through web calling and wants to call the sender, he or she only needs to click on the Call button on the email toolbar.
The combination of WiMAX high-speed wireless broadband access and IMS convergence features make applications of video services such as advertising, video monitoring, and multimedia video conferencing much more convenient and wider in scope.
Ba s ed on the Huawe i vo i c e c a l l con t inu i t y ( VCC) s e r v i c e and the subsequent voice/video call continuity (V2CC) service, the convergence solution guarantees a seamless switchover of voice, video and data services between the UMTS/GSM/PSTN network and the WiMAX+IMS network. More importantly, services are not affected during the switchover, and subscribers can make or receive cost-effective and convenient calls.
Huawei is constantly striving to ramp up the development of WiMAX+IMS conve rg ence s t anda rd s . Propo s a l s pertaining to WiMAX+IMS convergence so lu t ion -ba s ed P -CSCF de t e c t i on proces se s , PCC archi tec ture-based mobile enhancement functions, static/dynamic preset flow handling processes, and the charging correlation between the bearer network and the application layer have been approved. Additionally, Huawei has applied for several patents on WiMAX+IMS convergence.
In June 2007, Huawei established a demonstration center for its WiMAX +IMS convergence solution to present s e r v i c e s such a s v ideo c a l l ing and videoconferencing. By doing so, Huawei has provided a genuine service experience platform for its customers.
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(HLR/HSS) and operational processes, which proves to be particularly suitable for mobile operators.
In the near future, the solution will support data center sharing. At that time, the certifications among the AAA, HSS, and HLR will allow data sharing, and the convergence between WiMAX+IMS+GSM and WiMAX+IMS+UMTS will be complete.
Fo r c o n v e r g e n t c h a r g i n g , t h e convergence solution supports SCP-based pre-payment. A subscriber can enjoy both Internet access services and VoIP services through the AAA and IN interface and the operator has the convenience of convergent charging.
Later versions of this solution can support service flow-based charging rules through PCC architecture. By transmitting the charging indicator between entities, the charging correlation between the application level and the service flow level can be realized. The correlated charges can then be sent to the billing center for convergent charging.
The Huawei WiMAX+IMS convergence solution supports the charging based on traffic, duration, traffic+duration, and events. The flexible charging modes guarantee charging policies from the technical support perspective.
In terms of convergence network management, the network equipment of WiMAX and IMS can share the same EMS system. The EMS system supports standard northbound inter faces for connecting the existing or the third-party NMS system.
Presently, Huawei’s iManager M2000 supports unified management of WiMAX and IMS network equipment, and unified terminal maintenance. Soon, operators will be also allocating dynamic services for terminals, upgrading batches of hardware and software, monitoring and diagnosing status and performance, and managing the CPE Intranet terminal equipment.
Provide E2E QoS assurance
The Huawei WiMAX+IMS convergence solution can provide end-to-end QoS assurance and can deploy static QoS and dynamic QoS solutions in different phases according to the QoS requirements for
carried services.The solution offers end-to-end QoS
features for carried services. At the air interface on the access side, the BS and MS support five types of priority services (UGS, ertPS, rtPS, nrtPS, and BE) that are defined in the 802.16e standards. On the network side, the BS and GW support the mapping between the priority of the air interface and that of the IP bearer network (DSCP and 802 1p/Q), and then perform QoS classification and labeling, traffic monitoring, traffic shaping, congestion avoidance, and congestion management through the DiffServ model.
Currently, the solution supports static QoS. When terminals access the network, the solution presets service f lows to establish transmission channels for services and guarantees end-to-end QoS. Because the static QoS solution does not impose high requirements on the network and does not require the PCC architecture, i t c an qu i ck l y suppor t t r ip l e -p l ay applications. However, due to the limited number of static service flows, resources need to be reserved, causing relatively low resource usage.
The dynamic QoS solution is based on the PCC architecture of the WiMAX Forum. It can dynamically set up, modify, and release relevant service flows according to requirements, enhance resource usage and guarantee QoS for dynamic IMS services. Furthermore, it can be correlated with the WiMAX bearer network charging and IMS service network charging during the same se s s ion through the PCC architecture and provide flexible charging policies.
Deliver abundant multimedia services
Huawei’s WiMAX+IMS helps operators to provide high-speed Internet access services and abundant IMS services to end users at anytime and anywhere with any type of terminal (mobile, fixed, PC etc.). Additionally, end users can freely customize or cancel terminal services, personalized Ring Back Tone services, and Multimedia Messaging services through the unified Web Portal on the Internet and cater to the interactive services Editor: Xu Ping [email protected]
When WiMAX meets IMS
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New enhancements in WiMAXBy Sean McBeath & Jin Lei
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Sean McBeath is a senior member of the IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He is currently working in the wireless advanced research and standards group at Huawei Technologies in Plano, Texas, USA. His research spans wireless communications, resource allocation, scheduling, and VoIP. He has published numerous scientific papers and has over 40 patents granted or pending.
LEADING EDGE
uawei is fully committed to WiMAX development and has made
significant contributions to the development of IEEE 802.16 standards.
Currently, there are two major ongoing projects in the 802.16 group:
Revision 2 and 802.16m.
So far, Huawei has submitted more than 30 contributions regarding persistent
scheduling, H-FDD, and WiMAX - Wi-Fi coexistence for 802.16 Rev. 2: the near-
term evolution of IEEE 802.16. In the long-term evolution of IEEE 802.16
(802.16m), Huawei has presented over 30 contributions for frame structures,
control channels, pilot structures, and more.
H
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802.16 standards evolution
The WiMAX industry is embracing a unique opportunity in the marketplace, as it represents the only major commercialized MIMO OFDM based system.
IEEE 802.16e-2005 was developed before other beyond-3G standards, such as 3GPP LTE and 3GPP2 UMB, and there are a few key areas where the performance of 802.16 systems can now be improved.
The Rev. 2 project in IEEE 802.16 was not only initiated to incorporate all of the available addendums, but was also designed to address these key areas. The commercial IEEE 802.16 Rev. 2 system is expected to be available sometime in 2009 - 2010, which is still earlier than the time frame for LTE based systems.
Task Group m (TGm) of IEEE 802.16 is working to develop the 802.16m system to address long-term industry requirements for marked performance improvements. A key target of the 802.16m system is to meet the IMT-Advanced requirements. Based on IEEE 802.16e-2005, they are expected to exceed twice the throughput of current WiMAX systems. An evolved 802.16m system is required to provide suppor t for l egacy Wire le s s MAN-OFDMA equipment, including mobile stations (MSs) and base stations (BSs). The 802.16m system is also required to support green-field deployment by turning off the legacy support feature.
Fig. 1 provides a high level timeline of the standardization activities associated with 802.16 Rev. 2 and 802.16m.
The maintenance task group is working on developing the 802.16 Rev. 2 system, and most of the standardization is complete except for adding additional details and clarifying new features. The projected completion date for the standardization process is in September 2008. One more important aspect of this project is that Rev. 2 is meant to be the basis of other amendments, such as 16h, 16j, and even 16m.
To date, the TGm has passed two major milestones. First, the group approved the System Requirements Document (SRD). The 802.16m standard is targeted for submission to IMT-advanced, and
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the SRD describes a set of requirements, which, if met, would meet the IMT-advanced requirements.
TGm has init iated the process of deve lop ing the sy s t em desc r ip t ion document (SDD), which is a Stage 2 description of the 802.16m system and expected to be completed in November 2008.
Once the SDD is complete, TGm will develop the 802.16m Amendment, which is the Stage 3 standards description. At the same time, TGm will also work on the proposal for IMT-Advanced, which is expected to be adopted by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) during January through October 2009. The 802.16m Amendment should be completed in March 2010.
Rev. 2 improvementsVoIP improvements
Mobile communications networks are converging to ALL IP services, and Voice over IP (VoIP) service is an essential service for operators. Mobile packet data networks such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO also support voice services more efficiently than circuit switched mobile networks. As new mobile systems are developed, there will be continued interest in further improving the VoIP capacity.
The VoIP performance of mobile s y s t ems i s con s id e red much more important now than it was when IEEE 802.16e was initially developed. Voice services revenue continues to be the major revenue source for operators and 802.16 expands its usage to the mobility scenario.
One of the focus areas for Rev. 2 is the expansion of VoIP capacity. The VoIP capacity of a mobile communication system is inversely related to the associated overhead. Overhead i s par t icular ly important for VoIP applications due to the frequent transmission and small packets for VoIP.
In the 802.16e system, much of the overhead associated with VoIP traffic occurs in the MAP messages , s ince dynamic scheduling is used to support VoIP. To reduce this overhead, IEEE 802.16 Rev. 2 introduces the concept of a persistent assignment, where the per iodical ly recurr ing resource and modulation/coding assignment is signaled once or infrequently to the user. Persistent assignments reduce the MAP overhead by 40 - 50% for VoIP only traffic, which results in a bidirectional VoIP capacity increase of 15 - 20%.
The 802.16 system uses asynchronous HARQ, meaning that the BS can schedule a particular HARQ retransmission at any time. In order to establish a unique r e l a t i on sh ip b e tween a p a r t i cu l a r initial transmission and the associated
Fig. 1 Schedule of 802.16 standardization activities
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Maintenance Task Group
802.16 Rev.2
System requirements
Evaluation mathodology
System description document
802.16m amendment
Task Group m
20102007 2008 2009
Sep'O8
Sep'O7
Jan'O8
Nov'O8
Mar'10
New enhancements in WiMAX
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JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41
retransmission, the persistent assignment includes a set of HARQ channel identifiers which cycle in an implicit manner, as depicted in Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 2, the BS can schedule retransmissions for a particular packet during the interval between successive occurrences of a particular HARQ channel identifier. This cycling uses a scheme consistent with 802.16e, meaning that the BS can schedule retransmissions for persistent assignments with legacy messages.
Since retransmissions are dynamically scheduled, the BS can fill resource holes with either new persistent allocations or retransmissions. In some cases, it may be necessary to relocate some users in the time-frequency space to fill resource holes.
Pe r s i s t e n t r e s o u r c e a l l o c a t i o n dramat i ca l l y reduces the overhead associated with VoIP traffic and improves overall VoIP capacity by an estimated 15- 25%.
Huawei is the persistent allocation editor within the Technical Working Group (TWG) and persistent allocation rapporteur within the IEEE, and has presented more than 10 contributions to TWG and IEEE regarding persistent scheduling. These contributions have included key elements such as implicit HARQ channel cycling and the MAP ACK channel.
FDD improvements
The IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard is optimized for TDD deployments, but not for FDD systems. However, FDD systems provide an enormous market opportunity for the WiMAX industry. In order to effectively compete, ease implementation concerns, and reduce time-to-market, Rev. 2 development has focused on half duplex
FDD (H-FDD) systems. In H-FDD systems, the MSs do not simultaneously t r an smi t o r r e c e i v e , wh i l e t h e BS continually transmits and receives in a full-duplex mode.
To maximize UL utilization, the Rev. 2 system defines two groups of H-FDD MSs.
The size of each H-FDD group can change from frame to frame using a configuration parameter in the MAP message. In a typical deployment, it is likely that the size of the two H-FDD groups will be approximately equivalent and static.
Huawei had more than 15 contributions to TWG and IEEE related to H-FDD. These contributions included key elements such as basic frame structure, frame partition signaling, group switch signaling, network entry, and handover.
WiMAX - Wi-Fi coexistence
When WiMAX was integrated with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, the associated RF interference had the potential to severely degrade performance, and could not be resolved by using RF filters. A MAC layer solution was introduced in Rev. 2 to remedy the situation. By modifying the definition of sleep mode, 802.16 Rev. 2 can efficiently support integrated WiMAX and Wi-Fi.
To support high QoS service and the large throughput requirements, the sleep mode was implemented according to MAP relevance, so that the listening and sleep intervals follow the MAP relevance. The scheme is effective especially for high QoS service and services with a high throughput requirement.
Huawei to date , has presented 8 contributions to TWG and IEEE regarding WiMAX - Wi-Fi coexistence, including key elements such as dual-frame structure and sleep mode with MAP relevance.
802.16mThe 802.16m system is being developed
to improve spectral efficiency, improve voice capacity, reduce latency, improve support for location-based services, and improve multicast broadcast services. The development of 802.16m is in its early stages, and the following section provides an overview of the current work and future plans.
A t t h e Ma y 2 0 0 8 I E E E 8 0 2 . 1 6 meeting, 802.16m developed a complete system, with each meeting cycle covering several technical topics. The recent May 2008 meeting has focused on DL MIMO schemes, UL control structure, UL pilot structure, UL physical resource allocation unit, preamble, and HARQ timing. As decisions are made, they will be added to the system description documentation.
The first task undertaken by 802.16m was to def ine a f rame s tructure . In 802.16e, the 5msec frame duration is a limiting factor for scheduling, HARQ latency, feedback, micro sleep, etc. To address these issues, 802.16m converges on a frame structure, where each frame is divided into 8 subframes, and each subframe has a duration of 6 OFDM symbols (approximately 0.625msec). In addition, to reduce control channel overhead, the 802.16m frame structure will use a super frame concept, where 4 frames are defined as a super frame.
Huawei has taken a leading role in the development of the 802.16m frame structure, downlink control structure, MIMO pilot structure, and channelization. To date, Huawei has presented more than 30 contributions to IEEE on these topics and provided comprehensive simulation results to illustrate the performance of proposed downlink control structure and MIMO pilot structure.
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DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL
20 msec 20 msec 20 msec 20 msec
HARQ Chnnel:2 HARQ Chnnel:3 HARQ Chnnel:4 HARQ Chnnel:5 HARQ Chnnel:2
Fig. 2 Implicit ACID cycling
Editor: Joy [email protected]
LEADING EDGE
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Multi-antenna sharpens WiMAX’s competitiveness
Shannon’s information theory contends that there is an impassable upper limit to the capacity of a single-antenna system. This is due to restrictions in bandwidth, received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), frequency resources, and operational expenditure (OPEX). An alternative is necessary to address this capacity problem, and multi-antenna technology has emerged as the sole effective solution.
Technical gainsignals are generally transmitted and received through multiple antennas in a mult i -antenna system. By adopting appropriate
signal transmission forms and receiver designs, multi-antenna technology can elevate capacity without significantly i n c r e a s i n g t h e c o s t o f a w i r e l e s s communications system. Multi-antenna technology yields the following technical gains across a system:
Power: If x antennas are used for transmission, x transmission channels are available. Thus the total transmission power of a multi-antenna system is x times that of a single-antenna system. This achieves power gains of 10log(x) dB. Although an increase in transmission power can also be realized in a single-antenna system, the requirements on the power amplifier are in turn raised, which increases both technical difficulty and cost.
Array: The array gain refers to the increase in the average SNR at the receiver end coupled wi th unchanged tota l transmission power. Various multi-antenna systems obtain array gains via the coherent combination of signals. Therefore, multi-antenna technology can raise received SNR.
Space diversity: Given the fading feature of radio channels, signals in a single-antenna system are prone to deep fading. In multi-antenna technology, the distance between antennas is sufficient to facilitate independent fading among the signals received by different antennas. The SNR of the received signal fluctuates little after its integration, and the quality of the
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By Deng Chunmei
S
Multi-antenna sharpens WiMAX’s competitiveness
Huawei Technologies
JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41
conjunction with Matrix A or Matrix B to further enhance diversity performance or diversity and multiplexing performance.
Downlink BF
Dur ing b e amfo rming (BF ) , t h e t r ansmi t t e r a s s i gns we ight s to the data prior to transmission. A narrow transmission beam is formed to focus energy on the target terminal. Thus, the demodulated SNR of the target receiver is raised, and terminal throughput efficiency at cell borders is enhanced. BF delivers gains in array, diversity, and multiplexing. BF can be implemented via MIMO-BF or DOA-BF.
In MIMO-BF, channel messages are used to assign weights to transmitted data in order to form a beam. MIMO-BF has two modes: open-loop and closed-loop.
The open-loop mode uses uplink channel information to assign weights to transmitted signals. It is unnecessary for the receiver to send channel information back to the transmitter. Instead, the transmitter estimates channel information through the uplink channel. Open-loop MIMO-BF effectively raises coverage and throughput. However, uplink signals are required for weight estimation for downlink transmission, which causes long delays. This mode is applicable only to low-rate scenarios. Moreover, open-loop MIMO-BF technology utilizes the reciprocal features of both uplink and downlink channels, and as such the system needs to calibrate all transceiving channels.
In closed-loop MIMO-BF, the terminal has to send channel information such as the codebook to the transmitter, which then uses channel information to assign weights to the transmitted signals. Feedback delays mean that a closed-loop BF only guarantees high performance in low-rate scenarios. Since it is affected by feedback precision, the performance of a closed-loop BF is inferior to an open-loop BF. However, the advantages of the closed-loop BF comprise its ease of implementation and the fact that ca l ibrat ion of antenna transceiving channels is not required. The current industry practice employs only open-loop BFs in TDD systems and closed-loop BFs
in FDD systems.In the DOA-BF, the system estimates
the direction of arrival (DOA) of signals and uses the DOA information to generate transmission weights. The main beam lobe is targeted through an optimal path. Compared with MIMO-BF, DOA-BF features the following characteristics:
(1) DOA-BF requires a short distance between antennas in the antenna array. Generally, the distance should be shorter than a carrier’s wavelength. In areas where multiple paths exist on a large-scale, DOA-BF is relatively ineffective. In Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) areas, performance may decline due to inaccurate DOA estimation. Therefore, DOA-BF is not appropriate for densely populated urban areas, and is more suitable for rural and suburban locations. Unfortunately, due to low traffic volumes in rural and suburban areas and high costs, DOA-BF is not a particularly practical solution.
In MIMO-BF, the distance between antennas is large, and multi-path search capability is strong. This mode is suitable for densely populated urban areas where it raises system capacity and reduces network construction and expansion costs.
(2) DOA-BF has high requirements for consistency between antenna array elements. The system needs calibration of both transceiving channels and antennas. If calibration results are not ideal, system performance will drop, thus increasing the complexity of realizing DOA-BF.
At present, not many cases of successful DOA-BF application exist. However, the entire industry is confident with respect to MIMO-BF deployment. Huawei is one of the leading equipment manufacturers who have realized MIMO-BF technology.
Downlink MIMO+BF
In B F, o n l y o n e d a t a s t r e a m i s transmitted at a given moment, and there is no gain in multiplexing. To further increase throughput, we can integrate BF technology with space-time coding to form the BF plus Matrix A or BF plus Matrix B structures. These are collectively known as MIMO+BF.
Uplink multi-antenna diversity
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received signal is strengthened.Co-channel interference reduction: In
a cellular mobile communications system, frequency reuse raises the issue of inter-cell interference. Interference signals are colored noise rather than white noise. At the receiver end, suitable multi-antenna space weighting is performed to combine expected signals and suppress interference s ignals , thus improving the average received SNR.
Spatial multiplexing: This relates to increase s in data throughput or transmission rate, with transmission power and bandwidth remaining unchanged. Spatial multiplexing gains can be acquired if different antennas are used to transmit multiple parallel data streams on the same time-frequency resources.
Application in WiMAX 16eT h e W i M A X 1 6 e s y s t e m u s e s
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology, which overcomes multi-path fading and can be easily integrated with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The WiMAX 16e system supports the following multi-antenna technologies:
Downlink open-loop MIMO
The WiMAX 16e protocol defines three open-loop MIMO transmission matrixes that use space-time coding: matrixes A, B, and C. Matrix A employs a transmission diversity structure to achieve diversity gains; Matrix B uses a space multiplexing structure to realize multiplexing gains; and Matrix C utilizes a diversity and multiplexing hybrid structure in order to accomplish both diversity and multiplexing gains.
According to the protocol, space-time coding cannot be used for the downlink common channel. In this case, the Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) technology can be used to obtain diversity gains. CDD technology al lows different delayed copies of the same data stream to be transmitted through different antennas. Multi-path diversity is realized, and the common channel coverage is enlarged. For data channels, CDD can be used in
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Uplink reception diversity is the most commonly used multi-antenna technology. At the ba s e s t a t ion s ide , cohe ren t combination is conducted on the signals received by multiple antennas to achieve array gains.
Uplink CSM
In up l ink Co l l abora t i ve Spa t i a l Multiplexing (CSM) technology, the terminals that correspond to two single transmission antennas are scheduled on the same time-frequency resources, and uplink capacity increases through multiplexing. When choosing cooperative terminals, we must ensure orthogonality between the signal channels of different terminals, which imposes high requirements on the scheduling algorithm.
The above multi-antenna technologies possess their respective merits and defects, and their performances are closely related to actual situations. We need to consider various factors when selecting technologies. Adaptive shifting between different MIMO technologies should be guaranteed to allow a system both to cope with the constantly changing radio environment and to maximally realize throughput or coverage.
Performance advantagesExpanding system capacity
The simulation test results deriving from Huawei and the WiMAX Forum demonstrate the effects of multi-antenna technology in terms of expanding system capacity. Both the open-loop MIMO 2x2 and 1x2 antenna configurations are adopted for self-adaptation between Matrix A and Matrix B. In comparison with the “1x2” mode, “2x2” improves the spectral efficiency by between 55% and 60% on the downlink, and by approximately 35% on the uplink.
If we use BF or BF and MIMO together, system capacity can be further expanded. Compared with open-loop MIMO 2x2, MIMO-BF 4x2 and the “MIMO+BF” 4x2 can respectively raise the downlink spectral efficiency by about 10% and 60%. Evidently, the joint use of MIMO and BF heightens performance to an even greater degree.
Mu l t i - a n t e n n a t e c h n o l o g y a l s o contributes much to achieving system capacity improvements on the uplink. Compared with the “1x2” mode, “1x4” offers a performance gain of about 30% through uplink reception diversity. If CSM multiplexing is used on the uplink, spectral efficiency will exceed 50%.
The above data demonstrates that multi-antenna technology can enhance spectral efficiency; it therefore forms an effective solution to capacity problems. Raised peak rates significantly boost user experience and create favorable conditions for service operation. This helps operators to construct profitable business models, and paves the way for the holistic and continuous development of the WiMAX industry.
Improving network coverage
I n a W i M A X s y s t e m , c o v e r a g e restriction is generally encountered on the uplink side. Multiple antennas can be used to improve uplink coverage. When two antennas are used for reception diversity, uplink coverage is improved by over 3dB, compared with single antenna reception. When four antennas are util ized for reception diversity, uplink coverage can be further enhanced by 1 to 2dB. On the downlink, BF can be used to focus energy on target terminals to improve terminal throughput at cell borders.
It is clear that multi-antenna technology dramatically improves network coverage and reduces the number of base stations (BTS).
Lowering CAPEX and OPEX
Multi-antenna technology greatly increases system capacity. During the early stages of network construction, i t i s unnecessary for an operator to deploy multiple carrier frequencies, and thus capital expenditure (CAPEX) is drastically reduced. Moreover, the flexible configuration of antennas meets network construction requirements in different areas. In densely populated urban areas, the 4T4R configuration can be used to meet capacity requirements. In suburban and rural areas, the 2T4R configuration can be used to meet coverage requirements.
The excellent coverage performance of multi-antenna systems reduces the number of sites, and fixed network operators without mobile licenses can invest less in equipment and site rental or construction.
Multi-antenna systems require multiple antennas without obviously placing higher requirements on rooftops. Two bi-directional antennas can be employed in a unified package. On a given rooftop, only one installation position is necessary. Dep loyment and ma in t enance a re convenient, and OPEX is lowered.
H i g h q u a l i t y m u l t i - a n t e n n a technologies broadly increase spectral e f f i c i ency, l ower co s t pe r b i t , and effectively improve user experience. The technologies also expand network coverage, increase subscriber throughput in cell borders, reduce BTS numbers, and cut network CAPEX and OPEX. For the new generation of wireless communications systems such as WiMAX, the performance of multi-antenna systems forms one of the key factors that can increase the core competitiveness of related products.
Quality derived from technology
Huawei has been conducting multi-antenna technology R&D since 1999. By the end of 2007, Huawei had applied for over 100 core patents related to multi-antenna technology. Now, Huawei is positioned as one of the globally leading suppliers of WiMAX BTSs. Huawei’s WiMAX BTSs support a complete suite of multi-antenna solutions, including open-loop MIMO, uplink 4-antenna reception diversity, uplink CSM, and downlink 4-antenna MIMO-BF.
To meet various networking requirements, Huawei provides a series of BTSs including macro, micro, remote RF distributed, and Pico. The antennas support configurations such as 2T2R, 2T4R, and 4T4R to adapt to different situations and realize flexible networking at minimized costs. Huawei will continue to provide robust, low cost, and stable multi-antenna products and solutions for global operators.
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Editor: Li Xuefeng [email protected]
Multi-antenna sharpens WiMAX’s competitiveness
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JUN 2008 . ISSUE 41 52
At Huawei, we know that simple ideas can lead to big things. In much the same way a tiny acorn can grow into an oak tree, we strive to realize your
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We devote 48% of our entire staff of over 68,000 people to R&D, which is just one of the reasons why the world’s top telecom network operators choose us as their partner.
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