Kingdoms and Domains

QCC• 13.3 Describes characteristics of

organisms and identifies examples of at least five different kingdoms.

• 13.4 Identifies common examples of organisms in each of the kingdoms.

Recall Taxonomic Levels• Kingdom• Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus• Species

Levels Greater Than Kingdoms• These are called domains• Remember two different types of cells

– Prokaryotes•No nucleus•No organelles

– Eukaryotes•Contain nucleus •Have organelles

–Plant vs. Animal

Domains• Three Domains

– Bacteria

– Archaea

– Eukarya

Domain Bacteria• Unicellular and prokaryotic • Have thick, rigid cell walls • Corresponds to the kingdom

Eubacteria • Contain free-living soil organisms to

deadly parasites• Some photosynthesize • Some need oxygen to survive, while

others are killed by oxygen

Domain Archaea• Also unicellular and prokaryotic • Live in volcanic hot springs, brine

pools, and black organic mud totally devoid of oxygen (some of the most extreme environments)

• Many can survive only in the absence of oxygen

• Cell walls lack peptidoglycan • Corresponds to the kingdom

Archaebacteria

Domain Eukarya• Consists of all organisms that have a

nucleus (Eukaryotic) • Organized into the four remaining

kingdoms – Protista– Fungi – Plantae – Animalia

Six Kingdoms• Eubacteria• Archaebacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Kingdom Protista • Composed of eukaryotic organisms

that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi

• Members display the greatest variety

Kingdom Fungi • Heterotrophs • Most feed on dead or decaying

organic matter • These fungi secrete digestive

enzymes into their food source then absorb the smaller food molecules into their bodies

Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular organisms that are

photosynthetic autotrophs• Plants are nonmotile • Cell walls that contain cellulose

Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular and heterotrophic • Do not have cell walls • Most animals can move about, at

least for some part of their life cycle