OPEN SCIENCE & EOSC From Vision to Action
Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van Belgie voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen
Brussel 8-11-2017
JC Burgelman, P. Brenier, R. Von Schomberg, W. Lusoli, D. Spichtinger, C. Asero Open Data Policy and Science Cloud Directorate A DG RTD
Open Science = Systemic transition of science system which affects the way • research is performed • knowledge is shared/diffused/preserved • research projects/results are evaluated • research is funded • researchers are rewarded • future researchers are trained Affecting the whole research cycle and all its stakeholders A typical techno-economic paradigm shift a la Perez (technology,
market and institutional change go hand in hand) or to put it different: disruptive and hence disturbing….
Analysis
Publication
Review Conceptualisation
Data gathering
Open access
Scientific blogs Collaborative
bibliographies
Alternative Reputation
systems
Citizens science Open
code
Open workflows
Open annotation
Open data
Pre-print
Data-intensive
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Sci-starter.com
Runmycode.org
Impact Story
Openannotation.org
Its real
A general model for open science in early stage drug discovery
Public-Private Partnership Public Domain Commercial
Tools & Basic Knowledge NOVEL Proteins only!
• Structure • Chemistry • Antibodies • Screening • Cell Assays
Discovery and Exploration
• No patent • No restriction on use • Open access to tools and data. • Target identification & validation
Drug Discovery and Development Facilitated by access to increased amount of information in the public domain
- (re)Screening - Lead Optimisation - Pharmacology - Metabolism - Pharmacokinetics - Toxicology - Chemical development - Clinical development
CREATIVE COMMONS PROPRIETARY
Weigelt J. EMBO Reports 10:941-5 (2009)
Very Promising Structural gnomics consortium
Very Promising for ALL sciences
Collaborative Big Science is on the rise because needed
Rise of interdisciplinary, highly collaborative international big science projects – open by design
1. 90% OF ALL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES (2 MILLION PER YEAR) ARE BEHIND PAYWALLS! (AND 1 MILLION PAPERS ARE NEVER READ); ACCORDING TO MAX PLANCK: UNIVERSITIES WORLDWIDE WOULD MAKE 6 BILLION DOLLARS SAVINGS IF ALL PAPERS WOULD BE PUBLISHED IN OA 2. ONE MILLION VALID SCIENCE PAPERS ARE BOUNCED BACK (REJECTING, RESUBMISSION ETC) TO DEAL WITH THAT: 100 MILLION HOURS (OF SCIENTIST!) ARE LOST ANNUALLY IN THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF PAPER REJECTING, RESUBMITTING, WAITING ETC.; SO: MORE OPEN ACCESS, LESS LOSS 3. BIG PRIVATE RESEARCH TRUSTS GO FOR RADICAL OPEN ACCESS: WELLCOME TRUST, GATES, ZUCKERBERG , ETC 4. EVERY 3 DOWNLOADS OF A FRONTIER ARTICLE LEADS TO 1 CITATION: IN OTHER WORDS: NUMBER OF DOWNLOADS IS GOOD FOR YOUR IMPACT FACTOR IN OTHER WORDS: OPEN ACCESS IS GOOD FOR YOUR CAREER
It pays off
• Better ROI of the R&I investments: self evident: if all the results of our public research are made reusable, it will follow that better use is made
• Faster circulation of new ideas: we have 22 million EU SME's that will have access to top notch research without having to significantly pay for it!
• More transparency of the science system as such: the public taxpayer has this right
• Fit for 21st century science purpose: all grand societal challenges NEED cross disciplinary research
For researchers: • Wider dissemination and sharing of the results • More visibility and credit for those collecting and sharing underlying
research data • New career paths e.g. data scientists, start-ups, science diplomacy
Open Science offers great challenges & opportunities for science, scientists & society
"As I see it, European success now lies in sharing as soon as possible, (…). The days of open science have arrived."
Speech at "Presidency Conference Open Science", 04 of April, 2016, Amsterdam
Top level policy
2016 - Holistic Policy Agenda: scope & ambitions … 4 with regard to the use & management of research results and data Open Data: FAIR data sharing is the default for funding
scientific research Science cloud: All EU researchers are able to deposit, access
and analyse European scientific data through the open science cloud, without leaving their desk
Altmetrics: Alternative metrics to complement conventional indicators for research quality and impact (e.g. Journal Impact Factors and citations)
OA & Future of scholarly communication: All peer reviewed scientific publications are freely accessible 10
Policy Priorities
… 4 with regard to relations with research actors (researchers, institutions and funders)
Rewards: The European research career evaluation system
fully acknowledges Open Science activities Research Integrity: All publicly funded research in the EU
adheres to commonly agreed Open Science Standards of Research Integrity
Education and skills: All young scientists in Europe have the necessary skills and support to apply Open Science research routines and practices
Citizen Science: CS significantly contribute and are recognised as valid knowledge producers of European science
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Policy Priorities
Then and now
FP7 OA Green or Gold+Green Pilot
H2020 OA Green or Gold+Green obligation & ORD Pilot
H2020 OA Green or Gold+Green obligation & ORD by default
OA: Considerable progress in 10 years made
Now
• Open Access to Publications: since 2014 mandatory Set up of an Open Access Publications Platform: stand alone peer reviewed scientific articles resulting from H2020 projects (2017-2018)
Open Data - Very significant policy initiatives
• Open Access to research data: default from 2017
onwards. - Opt-outs possible at any stage (IPR, personal data protection and national security) - Research Data Management Plans: mandatory and FAIR
• Set up of the European Open Science Cloud: a trusted virtual environment for enabling data driven science across boundaries and disciplines (2017-2019)
• Mainstreaming in all MS
European Open Data (and data driven science) supported by the European Open Science Cloud
Open Data
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• Vision is now as clear to external stakeholders as it is internally.
• Single online platform where all European researchers will be able to:
• Find, access and re-use data produced by other scientists.
• Deposit, analyse and share data they have been paid to produce.
• Initially (until 2020), the EOSC will build on existing investments, no/little fresh money is needed
• The Commission provides top-up money to set up and organise the federation and to start creating common European resources.
• EOSC will provide 1.7m EU researchers an environment with free, open services for data storage, management, analysis and re-use across disciplines.
• EOSC will JOIN existing and emerging horizontal and thematic data infrastructures, bridging todays fragmentation and ad-hoc solutions.
• EOSC will add value (scale, data-driven science, inter-disciplinarity, faster innovation) and leverage past infrastructure investment (10b per year by MS, two decades EU investment).
From Vision …. … to Action
After the EOSC Vision has been adopted and embraced by the relevant stakeholders, it is now time for action
Source: RTD
Vision endorsed by the EP, by the EESC and the CoR, by the G7 and copied, literally, by a host of nations globally: Japan, Canada and China.
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Open Data and EOSC
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Source: RTD
The EOSC will allow for universal access to open research data and create a new level playing field for EU researchers
CERN, EMBL, ELIXIR, etc.
Institutional repository
Member State Infrastructure
New provider/ service
Researcher • Easy access through a universal
access point for ALL European researchers
• Cross-disciplinary access to data unleashes potential of interdisciplinary research
• Services and data are interoperable (FAIR data)
• Data funded with public money is in principle open (as open as possible, as closed as necessary)
1.Access to all European research data 2.Access to world-class data services 3.Clear rules of use and service provision 4.FAIR data tools, training and standards 5.Sustainable after the grant
Seamless environment and enabling data driven (interdisciplinary) research 18
EOSC and the researcher
figures
o 110 key participants
o 80 from all scientific fields
o 15 national scientific infrastructures
o 13 research funders
o 19 officials from Member States and Associated Countries
o Overall, 23 Member States and Associated Countries represented
o 1800 via web stream and extensive coverage via Twitter
EOSC summit
• The Summit provided strong support for the implementation of the EOSC and marked a step change in the initiative
• Ground European science in a common culture of data stewardship & sharing throughout research data lifecycle. Only a considerable cultural change will enable long-term reuse of research data
• Develop the EOSC as a commons of research data, knowledge and infrastructure with different roles and responsibilities by actors at EU and MS level
• Stimulate compliance through incentives and rewards
EOSC Summit Highlights 1
● Make FAIR principles pragmatic, equally encompassing all four dimensions: findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability
● Apply FAIR principles to all digital research objects, incl. data-related algorithms, tools, workflows, protocols & services
● Disciplines must develop their notion of FAIR in a coordinated fashion. Standards are fundamental but a one-size-fits-all approach must be avoided
EOSC Summit Highlights 2
● Build trust between all stakeholders, e.g. scientific communities, e-infrastructures, research infrastructures, funders - “look outside the organisational boxes and work together”
● Set out both the science case and the financial case to raise commitments for the EOSC, in particular of MS – “whatever we do needs to be integrated with the national systems”
● Some of the actions identified will require more time than others to implement due to e.g. budget commitments, division of labour, building of trust. Implementation will need to fast-track some actions over others, depending on the level of priority, support and maturity
● Develop a formal framework for governing the EOSC (open, dynamic, trial-and-error process) to sustain and strengthen related policies & programmes and secure commitment of funders and users - “what needs to be governed and how?”
EOSC Summit Highlights 3
EOSC Summit
EOSC Pilot HLEG EOSC HLEG FAIR ERAC OSI OSPP
Input/Feedback
Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 2018
Statement of endorsement: Interim Governance
Board – Design Phase Implementation needs Functions of EOSC
Delivering: Basic Portal/Interface Roadmap Interim Governance
Board – 1st Phase WP2018-20
Definition of Business
Model Governance
Model
EOSC planning
1.OS is here to stay:
2. If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together
(African saying)
But also
Such a long journey ahead of us (South African writer, A. Brink)
To conclude
Indeed – the journey only started
User-centered Publishing delivers Precision Information
The Machine is the New Reader
Science as a Social Machine
Data Privacy requires a Web of Trust
Big Data meets Artificial Intelligence
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• Due to the power of cyber science tools, it is quite realistically to assume that we will evolve from peer reviewed open access publications to peer reviewed open access research workflows (1-5-2017, Nature, tech blog Ttitus Brown….)
• Implying that scientific publishers become open science
platforms in which an article is 1 of the many products (and not even per se)
e.g. OA of articles the final frontier?
Manual
Computational
Deductive
2nd paradigm:
theoretical (Newton)
3rd paradigm: computational
(Von Neumann)
Inductive
1st paradigm: empirical
(Bacon)
4th paradigm: data-
intensive (Venter, DNA sequencing)
E.g. a 4th paradigm of data-intensive science?
• Data explosion only starting (internet of everything) • Due to data abundance: Greater role for inductive, not only
hypothesis driven science: “Here’s the evidence, now what is the hypothesis?”
No one foresaw this exponentional growth either
Bedankt
More information at http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience
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Open Science Monitor
http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/monitor/
Open science represents an approach to research that is collaborative, transparent and accessible. Open science occurs across the research process and there are many different activities that can be considered part of this evolution in science. The open science monitor tracks trends in areas that have consistent and reliable data.
Open science monitor
Explore open science characteristics and indicators.
Home About Open access Open research data Open scholarly communication Citizen science Drivers and
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* These indicators are for both open access and open scholarly communication.
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