LABORATORIUM MIKROBIOLOGI 2020

Rhabdovirus (Rabies Virus)

c/ : Virus Rabies Characteristic : Enveloped, bulletshaped, 45-

100 nm in diameter, 100-430 nm in length, Nucleic acid: Single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA genome,

Host : All mammals, including domestic and non-domestic animals and humans

Group: Group V (-) SS-RNA))

Order: Monomegavirales

Family: Rhabdoviridae

Genus: Lyssavirus5 viral proteins: Polymerase L, matrix Protein (M), phosphoprotein (P) (proteksi dr nuklease) , Nucleoprotein (N), and Glycoprotein ( G) (patogenesa). Protein struktural : RNP & amplop. P : kofaktor polimerase, prot regRNP : template unt replikasi, RNP + L+P (prot regG : fusi, M : release virus (budding), replikasi, apoptosis, patogenisitas

PATHOGENESISReplicates : cytoplasm. muscle cells central nervous

(brain and upper spinal cord) peripheral nerves to salivary glands, multiple organs .

Transmission. Human : transplantation, aerosol (Lab & natural), blood transfusion ≠, open wound, bite wounds, mucous membranes of the nose, eyes & mouth

IP : 30-90 days (amount of the virus transmitted & location on the body where exposure occurred) , Viremia ??

Vector and Reservoir Involved: • Wild animals: bats, raccoons, foxes • Domestic animals contact with infected feral species

SYMPTOMSMortality 100%, carrier ≠1 st phase (“prodromal”) virus is replicating & to

pass through the nervous system, Behavioral changes (shy become more aggressive, diurnal become nocturnal

2 nd phase (“furious”) irritable and aggressive, biting anything, Hypersaliva

Final (“dumb”) stage paralysis (lower jaw and extremities), lose the ability to chew and swallow, walk normally, hydrophobia (inability to drink or swallow water), Death

SYMPTOMSHuman : IP30 -60 days pain and itching at

the site of the virus’ entrance, restlessness (gelisah), headache, fever, nausea, sore throat, loss of appetite Progress (Increased production of saliva, muscle stiffness, sensitivity to light or loud sounds, irrational excitement, convulsions, agitation (exitasi>>>), delirium (gigau), & display of abnormal behavior)

LABORATORY TESTFluorescent microscopyVirus isolation from saliva, brain (cerebellum,

hipokampus, medulla oblongata) Straw Viral antibody in serum (FAT (spesifik &

sensitif ) NP (protect dr nulease)Direct rapid immunochemistry test : otak Pewarnaan Seller : negri bodies

Negri bodies : magentaBasofilik : granula dlm inklusion

Perivaskular cuffing (inflam sekitar p. drh) otak

Normal

TREATMENTInvestigationalPostexposure prophylaxis (Human rabies

Immuneglobulin/ HRIG around wound site, vaccine on upper arm ( days 0,3,7, 14 & 28) purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC ex : Rabavert Tm), Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCD ex : Immovac)

PREVENTIONPostexposure prophylaxis with hyperimmune

globulinVaccination (inactivated vaccine) : 4-6 bln

diulang 1 thEducationQuarantin 10-14 days (bites/scratch)Animal : vaccine (>6 bln, booster 1 th)

Physicochemical properties:

1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, 70% ethanol, formaldehyde, & quarternary ammonium compounds

Inactivated on UV, heat (1 hour, 50°C), lipid solvents, sunlight & not survive for long periods out of the host unless protected in a cool, dark area

CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSGroup: Group V ((−)ssRNA)

Order: Mononegavirales

Family: Paramyxoviridae

Genus: Morbillivirus

Species: Canine morbillivirus

Distemper (Middle English) distemperen upset the balance of the humorsDestemprer (Old french) disturbDistemperare (Vulgar Latin) Latin dis- and Latin temperare not mix properly

Host : domestic and wild species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, and large cats, as well as pinnipeds, some primates

Protein

Non struktural : V & C ( inisiasi translasi), innate

P, L, NRP : replikasi

SS RNA, beramplop, helik

PATHOGENESISPuppies 3-6 blnTransmission : food/water contact with body

secretion (nasal, ocular, feces, urine), airborne Virus 1 st in bronchial lymph nodes and tonsils

(2 days after expose blood stream (2-3 days) fever, leukosit, platelet respiratory tract gastrointestinal, urogenital epithelial, CNS, optic nerves anorexia, runny nose, and discharge of eye thickening of the footpads , vesicularpustular lesions on the abdomen

SYMPTOMSHigh feverGastrointestinal, respiratory tracts : coughing, vomiting

and diarrhea, loss of appetite and lethargy, eye/nose discharge, labored breathing, dehydration, excessive salivation

Hard footpads (skin) 2nd bacterial infections (lymphoid depletion) neurological symptoms (localized involuntary twitching of muscles or groups of muscles, seizures often distinguished by salivation, and jaw movements, convulsions (weeks-months)

50% of dogs and 80% of puppies die permanent damage to nervous systems, seizures or paralysis

Interstitial pneumonia, encephalitis & eye inflam (inflam of brain & spinal cord) with demyelination, hyperkeratosis of the nose and foot pads.

Footpad hyperkeratosis (hard Pad disease) in dogs

hyperkeratosis of the nose

LABORATORY TESTInclusions bodies in cytoplasm stain a

wright / Dif-Quick (eosinofil) darah periferLab : limfopenia, hipoalbuminAnigen Rapid CDV Ag Test Kit

Konjungtiva, saliva, urin, serum/plasmaELISA Ig G

DIFERENSIAL DIAGNOSA Ggg sistemik (canine hepatitis, leptospirosis)Keracunan (syaraf, gastro)

Physicochemical properties:

Disinfectants, detergents, drying, not survive in environment >> few hours at room temperature (20–25 °C), but survive for a few weeks in shady environments at temperatures > 0 ◦, persist longer in serum and tissue debris

TREATMENTVaccine 6-8 weeks 3-4 weeks 1

years Supportive fluid/electrolyte imbalancesSympthomatis : analgesics, anticonvulsants,

broad spectrum antibiotics, antipyretics, parenteral nutrition and nursing care

Fatal young kittens

Group: Group II (ssDNA)

Family: Parvoviridae

Subfamily: Parvovirinae

Genus: Protoparvovirus

Species: Feline panleukopenia virus

SS DNA, terkecilProtein kapsid (attchment), VP1 (fusi ,

transportasi ke inti)

PATHOGENESISTransmission : contact with an infected

animal's bodily fluids, vertikal

Gastrointestinal tract ulcer, total sloughing of the intestinal epithelium profuse and usually bloody diarrhea, dehydration, malnutrition, anemia, leukosit, hematocrit, platelet immune system

SYMPHTOMSWithin a week high fever, loss of appetite,

Vomiting (empedu ggg), diarrhea and abdominal pain

Diare, nyeri abdomenBengkak dan penebalan usus, LGlKatti : ggg cereblum (ataxia, tremor) 5-7

hrPer akut matiIntraplasenta : embrio mati, mumifikasi

TREATMENTwhole blood transfusion pancytopenia, IV

fluids (dehydrated), injections of vitamins A, B, and C, Ab (septichemia)

DD : feline leukemia

Canine parvovirus 1 (CPV 1) dan Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV 2). Canine parvovirus-1 (CPV 1) “minute virus of canine”, virus nonpatogenik gastroenteritis, pneumonitis, dan myokarditis di anak anjing yang sangat muda. 

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2)/ enteritis klasik dari parvovirus

ikosahedral , genome ssDNA (single stranded DNA)

Sensitive : puppies ≠ vaccine

Group: Group II (ssDNA)

Family: Parvoviridae

PATHOGENESISHost : canine (>> puppies 3 mgg-3 bln)Transmission : oral (infected feces), direct

contact, vertikalVirus di tonsil f throat viremia

kelenjar getah bening epitel kripta usus, M.I : 3-7 hari

Gastrointestinal tract lethargy, severe diarrhea, fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, & dehydration, leukopenia dan neutropenia,

SYMPHTOMSfever, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea , and lack

of appetite. In severe cases the diarrhea is very watery & bloody with a telltale odor, kekuningan

Peracute form (3-4 mgg) heart (sel myelosit aktif membelah) rapid death Tipe myocarditis

Adult (>6 bln) Tipe enteritis sel mitotik pada kripta usus meningkat diare, muntah

PREVENTIONwormed frequentlyNutritionDesinfected of stoolVaccine

TREATMENTLactat ringer solution/ glukosa, ATP, ab

PENEGUHAN DIAGNOSARapid test : fesesELISA

Physicochemical properties:

stabil at pH 3 -9, 60°C for 60 menit, inaktive in formalin 1%, beta-propiolakton, hidroksilamin, larutan hipoklorit 3%, dan sinar ultraviole