Later School Start A regional idea for 2017-18

Overview of Presentation

!  What the research says

!  Lessons Learned from others !  Jeremy Ray, Biddeford

!  Desire for regional approach

!  Q and A

The Reality

!  “If you knew that in your child's school there was a toxic substance that reduced the capacity to learn, increased chances of a car crash and made it likely that 20 years from now he would be obese and suffer from hypertension, you'd do everything possible to get rid of that substance. Early start times are toxic.”

Dr. Judith Owens Director of Sleep Medicine Children's National Medical Center Washington D.C.

The Research Epidemic of Adolescent Sleep Deprivation

!  CDC reports that 67% of middle and high school students do not get enough sleep during the school week.

!  American Academy of Pediatricians have declared: Middle and High School should not start before 8:30am.

!  41 other civic and health organizations agree

!  Parents and teachers witness the impact of overtired adolescents daily

Adolescent Sleep Patterns

Biological clocks shift during adolescence toward later bedtimes and later wake-up times.

Melatonin release is delayed in teens (start 11pm, end 8am)

Waking up a teen at 6am is the equivalent to waking an adult up at 4am.

This is a developmental condition, not a cultural phenomenon and it is specific to adolescents (everything shifts earlier for adults).

Carskadon, 2011

Wahlstom et al, 2014

Adolescent Sleep Needs

!  Teens need 8 – 10 hours of sleep per night, but less than 10% regularly get more than 8.5%.1 Average is 6.75.

!  According to the Center for Disease Control2: !  40% of teens get less than 6 hours per night !  20% sleep in class

!  Teens show pathological levels of sleepiness (comparable to narcolepsy patients)3

1O’Brien&Mindell, 2005 2CDC, Youth Behavior Risk Survey, 2001

3Carskadon et al; 1998

!  The adolescent sleep window is incompatible with an early start time.

!  They literally can’t fall asleep as early as they would need in order to get a proper night sleep with a 7:30am start time.

!  A 50-minute later start is the equivalent of improving teacher quality by one standard deviation.1

1Carrell et al, 2011

Impact of Sleep Loss

!  Decreased cognitive function and poorer academic performance, especially in morning classes

!  Increased risk of mental and physical health problems

!  Increased risk of sports injury and car accidents

What is the evidence from other districts around the country?

!  With later start times…. !  Bed times remain the same !  Teens get an additional hour of sleep per night on average !  More morning sleep = more REM sleep !  Even a 30-minute delay results in improvement !  Attendance rates increase, drop out rates decrease !  Tardy rates decrease !  Grades and Test Scores increase !  Improvement in mood, family well being, and health

Guest Jeremy Ray, Superintendent Biddeford Schools

!  Experience in Biddeford

!  Lessons learned

!  Impact of change

What would it mean for our region?

We would all “flip” our Elementary and Middle/High School start times.

Act as one due to MCST who would adjust their start time as well, benefiting all the island schools.

!  ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: 7:45 – 8:00 start !  MIDDLE/HIGH SCHOOLS: 8:30 – 8:45 start !  MCST: 9:00 – 9:15 start !  Length of school day would remain the same

EARLY START TIME LATER START TIME Rise and shine 6:00 Sleep

Be at the Bus Stop 6:45 Sleep

7:00 Rise and shine

Arrive at school 7:30

Period 1 begins 7:45 Be at Bus Stop

School 8:30 Arrive at School

School 8:45 Period 1 begins

School 12:30 School

School ends 2:15 2:00 School

Sports Practice begins 3:00 School ends 3:15

Sports 4:00 Sports Practice Begins

Sports 4:30 Sports

Sports practice ends 5:00 Sports

6:00 Sports practice ends

Dinner with family 6:30 Dinner with family

7:00

Bed time = 7 hrs of sleep 11:00 Bed time = 8 hrs of sleep

Comparison Example of Student Day

What are common concerns?

!  Impact on Athletic Schedule !  Likely miss more of last period for away games !  Compare entire student body being “present” for period 1

!  Impact on child-care !  Small number of families would no longer be able to have

older siblings for immediate after school care. !  May need to put some Elementary after school care in

place to help mitigate this impact.

Does a later start benefit students in the mid-coast region?

!  Next Steps !  Discussion with stakeholders

!  school board

!  Teachers, Administrators, Staff !  Families

!  Partner Organizations (physicians, organizations, etc)

!  Investigating Athletic impact !  Analyzing bus schedules !  Holding public meetings for parents !  Surveying Stakeholders

Questions and Answers?

!  http://www.startschoollater.net/

References !  Bates, J., Viken, R., Alexander, D., Beyers, J., & Stockton, L. (2002). Sleep and adjustment in preschool children: Sleep

diary reports by mothers related to behavior reports by teachers. Child Development, 73(1), 62-74.

!  Bergin, C., & Bergin, D. (2009). Sleep: The E-Z Z Z Intervention. Educational Leadership, 67(4),44-47. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

!  Carskadon, Mary. 2002. Frontline Interview. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/interviews/carskadon.html

!  Chapman, LJ. Summary of NIOSH-Funded Research in Agriculture at University of Wisconsin. 2006. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nas/agforfish/pdfs/app2-11.pdf

!  Chapman LJ, Taveira AD, Newenhouse AC, Meyer RH, Josefsson KG. Causal factors in production agriculture injuries: working children and youth versus adults. In S. Kumar (Ed.) Advances in Occupational Ergonomics and Safety. Washington DC:IOS Press 1998:73-76.

!  Crowley, S., Acebo, C., and Carskadon, M.A. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Seep Medicine, Sep 2007, Vol 8, Issue 6, p602-612.

!  Danner F, Phillips B. Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. J Clin Sleep Med 2008;4:533—5

!  Gibson, E., Powles, A., Thabane, L., O'Brien, S., Molnar, D., Trajanovic, N., et al. (2006). "Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students. BMC Public Health, 6116-9. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-116.

!  Gradisar, M., Terrill, G., Johnston, A., & Douglas, P. (2008). Adolescent sleep and working memory performance. Sleep & Biological Rhythms, 6(3), 146-154. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00353.x.

!  Hansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P., & Dubocovich, M. (2005). The Impact of School Daily Schedule on Adolescent Sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1555-1561. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1649.

!  Kahn, A., Van de Merckt, C, Rebauffat, E., Mozin, M., Sottiaux, M., Blum, D., et al. (1989). Sleep problems in healthy pre-adolescents. Pediatrics, 84(3), 542-546.

!  Kahn-Greene, E., Lipizzi, E., Conrad, A., Kamimori, G., & Killgore, W. (2006). Sleep deprivation adversely affects interpersonal responses to frustration. Personality & Individual Differences, 41(8), 1433-1443. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.002.

!  Killgore, W., Kahn-Greene, E., Lipizzi, E., Newman, R., Kamimori, G., & Balkin, T. (2008). Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 517-526. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.07.003.

!  Kubow, P., Wahlstrom, K., & Bemis, A. (1999). Starting Time and School Life. (Cover story). Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 366. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

!  Meyers, J, Miles, J, Faucett, J, Janowitz, I, Tejeda, D, Weber, E, Smith, R, Garcia, L. (2002) Priority risk factors for back injury in agricultural field work: Vineyard ergonomics. Journal ofAgromedicine, (1), 37-52.

!  Must, A., & Parisi, S. (2009). Sedentary behavior and sleep: paradoxical effects in associationwith childhood obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 33S82-S86. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.23

!  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Drowsy driving. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:433—4.

!  National Sleep Foundation. 2009. Washington, DC. www.sleepfoundation.org

!  Noland, H., Price, J., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S. (2009). Adolescents’ Sleep Behaviors and Perceptions of Sleep. Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-230.

!  O'Brien, E., & Mindell, J. (2005). Sleep and Risk-Taking Behavior in Adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(3), 113-133. doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0303_1.

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!  Taheri, S., Ling, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004). Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index. PLoS Medicine, 1(3), 210-217. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062.

!  Wahlstrom, K. (2003). Later High-School Start Times Still Working. Education Digest, 68(6), 49. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

!  Wahlstrom et al. Examining the Impact of Later School Start Times on the Health and Academic Performance of High School Students: A Multi-Site STudy. Center for Applied Reaserch and Educational IMprovement. St Paul, MN: Univ of Minnesota; 2014.

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!  Wolfson, A., Spaulding, N., Dandrow, C., & Baroni, E. (2007). Middle School Start Times: The Importance of a Good Night's Sleep for Young Adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 5(3), 194-209. doi:10.1080/15402000701263809.