CCNA Routing & Switching

Classification of Basic Network Hardware

Components • Network Interface Cards (NICs)• Cables• Connectors• Servers• Workstations• Line drivers or repeaters• Transceivers• Intelligent hubs• Bridges• Switches• Routers • Gateways

Modules• Network interface cards• Network connectors and hubs• Server and workstation hardware• Repeater• Bridge• Switch• Switch Technology• Router• Gateway

Continued…….

Objectives• Routed protocol• IP routing protocols

Continued…….

Routable and Routed Protocols

• A routed protocol allows the router to forward data between nodes on different networks.

• In order for a protocol to be routable, it must provide the ability to assign a network number and a host number to each individual device.

• These protocols also require a network mask in order to differentiate the two numbers.

• The reason that a network mask is used is to allow groups of sequential IP addresses to be treated as a single unit.

• IP is a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort delivery protocol. • As information flows down the layers of the OSI model; the data

is processed at each layer.• IP accepts whatever data is passed down to it from the upper

layers.

Packet Propagation and Switching Within a Router

Packet Propagation and Switching Within a Router

• As a frame is received at a router interface. • The MAC address is checked to see if the frame is directly addressed

to the router interface, or a broadcast. • The frame header and trailer are removed and the packet is passed up

to Layer 3. • The destination IP address is compared to the routing table to find a

match.• The packet is switched to the outgoing interface and given the proper

frame header.• The frame is then transmitted

Internet Protocol (IP): Connectionless

• The Internet is a gigantic, connectionless network in which all packet deliveries are handled by IP.

• TCP adds Layer 4, connection-oriented reliability services to IP

IP Routing Protocols

Routing Overview

• A router is a network layer device that uses one or more routing metrics to determine the optimal path.

• Routing metrics are values used in determining the advantage of one route over another.

• Routing protocols use various combinations of metrics for determining the best path for data.

Routing Versus Switching• This distinction is routing and switching use different information in the

process of moving data from source to destination

Routing Versus Switching

Routing Protocols• RIP v2• IGRP• EIGRP• OSPF• IS-IS• BGP

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