105

£ s. d.St. John, Redhill ..................... 29 4 4Westbourne-park Baptist Chapel ............... 25 10 00St. Barnabas, Pimlico .................. 35 16 00St. James’s Parish Church, Paddington ......... 101 3 9St. Barnabas, Dulwich ...... 22 7 0 St. Peter, Eaton - square: St. Peter’s Cnurch,

!.B673 Is. 5d. ; St. John’s Church, ;E66 4s. 9d. ; St. 746 7 9Peter’s Cbapel, £7 1s. 7d................I

All Saints, Blackheath ............... 50 10 88Chapel Royal, St. James’s Palace ............ R2 0 7St. Margaret, Westminster.................. 136 17 7St George, Bloomsbury ....... ,........ 51 12 11Christ Church, Streatham-hill ............... 75 14 66St. John the Divine, Kennington ........... 59 9 8 St. Peter, Eltham-road, Lee ............ 30 1 0 ’[St. Paul, Great Portland- street ............ 39 12 10 IBelgrave Presbyterian Cnurch, Halkin-street........ 24 1 5St. Mary, West Kensington ............... 24 4 10Magdalene Hospi’al Chapel, Streatham ......... 27 6 7Keston Parish Cnurch ,..... ,........... 27 5 fiSt. Paul, Finchley .... ............. 37 12 00St. Philip, Sydenham ............ 29 8 00St. Bride, Fleet-street ............... 20 4 6St Stephen, Portland Town, and Mission ......... 29 15 5Holy Innocents, Hornsey..........oo .., ... 23 13 0St..John, Downshire-bill ................. 33 15 4St George’s Presbyterian Church, Brondesbury ...... 23 Id 0St. Mark, Notting-hill .............., ... 23 4 00St. Paul, Harringay ..................... 25 12 11St. John the Baptist, Leytoostone ............ 20 0 0Box outside Mansion House ............... 32 9 5Downs Baptist Chapel, Clapton ............. 25 19 2 IBarking Parish Church and Sc. Paul ............ 33 1 H IHillingdon PariFh Church and Evelvn Scho I Chapel... 34 10 11St. Katherine’s Royal Collegiate Church ......... 22 6 9St. Mark’s Presbyterian Church, Greenwich ......... 25 18 6St. Mary, Balham ..................... 49 16 10St. Matthew, Bethnal Green ............... 23 5 99Spanish and Portugu’se Synagogue ............ 34 5 3St. Paul, Kilburn ..................... 40 5 6Aldenham Parish Church .................. 48 0 00Ctiurob of the Asceusiou, Blackheath ............ M 1 7St. Alban, Holborn............’ ...o. 45 17 6St. Paul, Herne Hill ..................... 40 6 9Camden Park-road Presbyterian Church and Mission ... 23 14 0Christ Church, Wohurn-ntuare ............... 21 15 7Bloomsbury Chapel and Mission Hall ............ 22 2 66Upton Baptist Chapel, Lambeth-road........, ... 21 8 6Christ Church, Newgate-street ............... 25 010St. Anselm, Pinner................., ’" 21 7 3 3Morden Parish Church ................. 22 1 00St. Thomas, Upper Clapton ..... 25 14 3Newcourt Congregation-Chapet,Tollington Park ....., 30 8 9Holy Trinity, Northwood-park.......... ’" 24 10 44Ilford Parish Church and Chapel of Ease ......... 32 10 2Barnes Parish Church .............. 25 2 9Farm-street Roman Catholic Church ............ 35 0 0Barnet Parish Church .................. 35 0 6St. Mark, Bromley, Kent ............. 28 1 0Dartford Parish Uhurch and Missions ............ 27 5 0Emmanuel Church, West Hampstead ............ 22110Christ Church, St. Marylebone ............... 40 0 3King’s Weigh House Chapel, Duke-street ......... 20 15 0Holy Trinity, Blackbeath............... 36 13 0Holy Trmity, Anerley ..........., ... ’" 20 14 4Hospital Chapel, Illord .................. 24 4 7St. Peter, Dulwich-common ............... 45 0 2St. Mary Mag., Peckham .................. 34 7 4St. John at Hackney................., ", 28 5 8gSt. Barnabas, Clapham-common ............ 2L 15 10Christ Church, Brondesbury, and Mission ......... 31 8 2St. George, Perry-hill ............... ,.. 43 4 RSt. Laurence, Catford .................. 20 0 5 5St. Saviour, Highbury .................. 27 5 8St. Paul, Camden-square................ 46 8 0St. Mary, Plaistow, Kent .................. 34 13 11Cordwainers’ Company.................. 6 5 0Mr. Frederick Druce ..................... 25 0 0Mr. Alex. Miller ..................... i5 0 0Miss Emily Old ..................... 25 0 0St. Mary Magdalene, Enfield ............... 29 10 9Harrow Weald Church .................. 27 15 3Sr. John, Upper Holloway .................. 24 15 6Clapton Park Congregational Church ............ 33 10 2Ewell Parish Church and All Saints ............ 32 9 1F. F............................ 30 0 0Major Jones ........................ t0 0 0 0Mr. Julian Senior .............." 20 0 0St. Mary Parish Church. Finchley ............ 34 7 3in dlevraorianr (Crosby Lockwooo) .., .......,. 20 0 0St. Mary, Cuddington .............. 30 15 5Archway-road WesJevan Chapel ............... 24 16 0St. James, Camberwell .................. 28 00 0St. John the Evangelist, Brixton............... 22 7 8Carmelite Church, Kensington ............... 35 5 0St. Marv, bhortlands ..................... 44 5 5Trinity Presbyterian Church, Notting-hill ......... 42 13 9Streatham Common Mission Battd ............ 3 6 0

BERLIN MEDICAL CLUB.—We are informed that foreign medical men are eligible for membership of the newly-established Berlin Medical Club without payment ofentrance fee (können sich frei einführen lassen) and thatforeign medical visitors to Berlin may be admitted to tem-porary membership. The club is situated in the Linden-

gallerie, Berlin, W.

Public Health and Poor Law.LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT.

REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH.

Liverpool Urban District.--The population of this city wasestimated in 1897 to be 644,129, but Dr. Hope considersthat this figure is considerably under the actual popula-tion, and he tells us that towards the close of the lastintercensal period there was an error of not less than

100,000 in the Registrar-General’s estimate of the popula-tion. The mean birth-rate of the city for the last ten

years has been as much as 34’5, the rates for the severalwards ranging during 1897 from 46-9 to 19’6 per 1000, and,curiously enough, the rate was higher in the older parts ofthe city than in the rapidly-growing suburbs. The birth-rate

has during the last decade shown no tendency towardsdiminution. As regards deaths the rate for 1897 was 23’4per 1000, the ward rates varying from 39-8 to 10-2 per 1000.Typhus fever, though gradually disappearing from Liverpool,still exerts some influence there and last year there were158 cases with 23 deaths. Of illness from ice-cream wehave heard much in London of late, and Dr. Hoperecords an outbreak in which 27 cases of enteric fever

occurring in children were traced to an Italian ice-cream vendor, in whose house, at the time when thechildren were apparently infected, there was a case of entericfever. In Liverpool ice-cream vendors must have their

premises registered and during 1897 48 persons made

application for such registration. There were no less than1039 deaths from zymotic diarrhœa or acute gastro-enteritisin the six weeks ending Sept. 4th. and Dr. Hope endeavoursto show the connexion which obtains between diarrhoeal

mortality and warmth and dryness, illustrating his point bythe rainfall of the last 20 years. He regards the flushingof street surfaces, of drains, and of sewers as the mainindications of the conclusions lie arrives at. In connexionwith the question of sanitary administration it is of interestto note that, counting 2 temporary assistants, there are in all115 persons on the sanitary staff. The inspectors of meatand animals are butchers by trade, those of fish and fruit

fishmongers. To the subject of tuberculosis Dr. Hopedevotes considerable space in his report, and in tabular formhe shows the marked diminution which has taken place inthe mortality from this disease in Liverpool since 1866. Inconnexion with the infection of milk the following table ofsamples tested is of interest, and it tends to show, in sofar at least as these figures go, that the conditions quiztuberculosis obtaining in the town shippons of Liverpoolare better than those found in the country shippons of thesurrounding districts. It will be notecl that the total numberof samples collected from the country is but small.

- Total. Infected. Per cent.

Town shippons ......... 228 12 5.2

Country shippons ...... 67 9 13-4 ’

As regards insanitary property Dr. Hope reports that of the240 houses included in the thirteenth presentment most hadby the end of 1896 been dealt with by the Insanitary Pro-perty Committee, while in January, 1897. the medical officerof health presented to the grand jury a report relating to 890houses. and after taking evidence and inspecting the pro-perty the jury ordered the houses to be demolished under theprovisions of the Liverpool Sanitary Amendment Act, 1864.

Manchester Port Distrit-t.-The port of Manchester is whatis known as a "temporary" port-that is to say, it is formedfor a definite period only, at the end of wdiich time it mayeither be converted into a ’’permanent" port or pursue its

temporary existence for another period. The limits of juris-diction of the sanitary authoritv are extensive and embracethe whole of the Manchester Ship Canal. Between Apriland December, 1897, there were 790 vessels inspected in theseveral parts of the port, and on board 86 of these defectswere discovered. As to hospital accommodation Dr. J. H.Crocker reports that arrangements have been made by whichcases of small-pox can be removed to the iliode Wheel

Hospital of the Salford sanitary authority and cases ofother infectious disease to the Ladywell Sanatorium.

106

Regulations under Section 125 of the Public Health Act,1875, are now before the Local Government Board and itwould seem that the Manchester Port Sanitary Authority willsoon be in working order.

VITAL STATISTICS.

HEALTH OF ENGLISH TOWNS.

IN thirty-three of the largest English towns 6575 birthsand 3203 deaths were registered during the week endingJuly 2nd. The annual rate of mortality in these towns,which had been 14’7 and 15’1 per 1000 in the two precedingweeks, declined again last week to 14’9. In London the ratewas 14-5 per 1000, while it averaged 15-1 in the thirty-twoprovincial towns. The lowest rates in these towns were 9-0 inPreston, 10-3 in Norwich, 10-6 in Cardiff, and 10-9 inCroydon ; the highest rates were 18-6 in Gateshead, 19-0 inWolverhampton, 20-8 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and 22-8 inSunderland. The 3203 deaths included 342 which were re-ferred to the principal zymotic diseases, against 342 and 301in the two preceding weeks ; of these, 94 resulted fromwhooping-cough, 77 from measles, 59 from diarrhcea, 55 fromdiphtheria, 29 from "fever" (principally enteric), 27 fromscarlet fever, and 1 from small-pox. No death from any ofthese diseases was recorded last week in Derby or in

Huddersfield ; in the other towns they caused the lowestdeath-rates in Brighton, Blackburn, and Bradford, and thehighest rates in Norwich, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Salford,and Plymouth. The greatest mortality from measlesoccurred in Plymouth; and from whooping-cough inWest Ham, Salford, Gateshead, and Newcastle-npon-Tyne. The mortality from scarlet fever and from"fever" " showed no marked excess in any of the

large towns. The 55 deaths from diphtheria included28 in London, 4 in Cardiff, 4 in Leeds, and 3 in Bristol.One fatal case of small-pox was recorded in Newcastle-

upon-Tyne, but not one in any other of the thirty-threelarge towns ; and no small-pox patients were under treatmentduring last week in any of the Metropolitan Asylum Hos-pitals. The number of scarlet fever patients in these

hospitals and in the London Fever Hospital was 2205 onSaturday last, the 2nd inst., against 2194 and 2238 at the endof the two preceding weeks ; 204 new cases were admittedduring the week, against 206, 230, and 231 in the threepreceding weeks. The deaths referred to diseases of the

respiratory organs in London, which had been 185 and 171in the two preceding weeks, further declined to 162 lastweek, and were 27 below the corrected average. The causesof 38, or 1-2 per cent., of the deaths in the thirty-threetowns were not certified either by a registered medicalpractitioner or by a coroner. All the causes of death were

duly certified in Portsmouth, Nottingham, Braclforcl, Leeds,and in fourteen other smaller towns ; the largest proportionsof uncertined deaths were registered in West Ham, Bristol,Leicester, and Huddersfield.

HEALTH OF SCOTCH TOWNS.

The annual rate of mortality in the eight Scotch towns,which had declined in the four preceding weeks from 23’0to 19’5 per 1000, rose again to 21-1 during the week endingJuly 2nd, and exceeded by as much as 6’2 per 1000 the mean rate during the same period in the thirty-three large Englishtowns. The rates in the eight Scotch towns ranged from13-6 in Perth and 17-7 in Leith to 23-4 in Dundee and 25’5in Paisley. The 635 deaths in these towns included 41from measles, 35 from whooping-cough, 30 from diarrhoea,5 from scarlet fever, 4 from diphtheria, and 4 from "fever."In all, 119 deaths resulted from these principal zymoticdiseases, against 92 and 102 in the two preceding weeks.These 119 deaths were equal to an annual rate of 3’9

per 1000, which was 2’3 above the mean rate last weekfrom the same diseases in the thirty-three large Englishtowns. The fatal cases of measles, which had been 32 and37 in the two preceding weeks, further rose to 41 last week,and included 13 in Edinburgh, 11 in Glasgow, 11 inDundee, and 5 in Paisley. The deaths from whooping-coil,o-h, which had been 22 and 27 in the two preceding-weeks, further rose to 35 last week, of which 19occurred in Glasgow, 5 in Edinburgh, and 5 in Aber- deen. The 5 fatal cases of scarlet fever were withinone of the number in the preceding week, and the 4deaths referred to different forms of "fever" corre-

spjiidMu with the number recorded ill the preceding week. t

Of the 4 fatal cases of diphtheria 2 occurred in Glasgow.The deaths from diseases of the respiratory organs in thesetowns, which had been 108 and 93 in the two precedingweeks, rose again to 101 last week, and were 15 above thenumber in the corresponding period of last year. Thecauses of 41, or more than 6 per cent., of the deaths inthese eight towns last week were not certified.

HEALTH OF DUBLIN.

The death-rate in Dublin, which had been 21-9 and 22-8per 1000 in the two preceding weeks, declined again to 21-8during the week ending July 2nd. During the thirteenweeks of the quarter ending on Saturday last the death-rate in the city averaged 23’5 per 1000, the rate duringthe same period being 16’4 in London and 19’7 in Edin-burgh. The 146 deaths registered in Dublin during theweek under notice showed a decline of 7 from the numberin the preceding week, and included 11 which were

referred to the principal zymotic diseases, against 6 and8 in the two preceding weeks ; of these, 4 resulted from"fever," 3 from diarrhœa, 2 from scarlet fever, 1 from

diphtheria, and 1 from whooping-cough, but not one eitherfrom measles or small-pox. These 11 deaths were equal to anannual rate of 1’6 per 1000, the zymotic death-rate during thesame period being 1-9 in London and 4’6 in Edinburgh.The deaths referred to different forms of " fever," which hadbeen 4 and 1 in the two preceding weeks, rose agair. to 4last week. The two deaths from scarlet-fever exceeded the,

number recorded in any recent week, while the mortalityfrom diphtheria and whooping-cough showed a decline. The146 deaths in Dublin last week included 29 of infantsunder one year of age, and 21 of persons aged upwards ofsixty years ; the deaths of infants showed an increase, whilethose of elderly persons were considerably below the numberrecorded in any recent week. Six inquest cases and 3 deaths

. from violence were registered ; and 63, or more than one-third,of the deaths occurred in public institutions. The causes of6, or more than 4 per cent., of the deaths in the city last

. week were not certified.

THE SERVICES.

NAVAL MEDICAL SERVICE.SLrRGEoN HORATIO W. A. COWAN has been appointed to

the Howe.ARMY MEDICAL STAFF.

Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Robert de la CourCorbett, D.S.O., to be Surgeon-Colonel, vice J. Williamson,deceased. The under-mentioned Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonelsto be Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonels: John C. Dorman,vice J. H. Moore, promoted, and George H. Le Mottée, viceR. de la C. Corbett. Surgeon-Colonel T. O’Farrell, HomeDistrict, goes to Egypt as P.M.O., vice Surgeon-Major-General Muir.

VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Artillery: .° 2nd Middlesex: Surgeon - Captain A. H.Robinson to be Surgeon-Major. 1st Orkney : George RobertClair Russell to be Surgeon - Lieutenant. 2nd Hamp-shire (Southern Division, Royal Artillery) : Surgeon-Major G. G. Sparrow to be Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel.Rifle : e 1st Volunteer Battalion the Buffs (East Kent

Regiment): Herbert Stedman Oliver to be Surgeon-Lieu-tenant. 2nd Volunteer Battalion the Gloucestershire Regi-ment : Surgeon - Lieutenant P. T. Lunn to be Surgeon-Captain. 2nd Volunteer Battalion the South Stafford-shire Regiment: Captain James Scott Wilson, formerlySurgeon, resigns his commission and is appointed Surgeon-Captain. 3rd Glamorgan: Surgeon-Lieutenant A. L. Jonesto be Surgeon-Captain. 1st Volunteer Battalion PrincessCharlotte of Wales’s (Royal Berkshire Regiment) : WilliamGratwicke Heasman to be Surgeon-Lieutenant. lst Volun-teer Battalion the Buffs (East Kent Regiment) : EdwardArthur Crampton Baylor to be Surgeon-Lieutenant. 2ndVolunteer Battalion the Lancashire Fusiliers: Surgeon-Major C. W. Thorp to be Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel.1st (Cumberland) Volunteer Battalion the Border Regiment :Samuel Maclean to he Surgeon-Lieutenant. 2nd VolunteerBattalion the Highland Light infantry: William EraserMacdonald to be Surgeon - Lieutenant. 1st (Inverness-shirethe Hi;:;lllam1) Vuluuteer Battalion the Queen’s Own Cameron