LTE Radio Parameters

For internal use only / 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Power ControlLTE Radio Parameters RL10

LTEPAR Pilot Düsseldorf CW 22 2010 & Reviewed


Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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Module Objectives

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

• Understand the basics of LTE PC

• Describe UL open loop PC part

• Discuss UL closed loop PC part (LTE 28)

• Identify DL power settings

• Analyze PSD

• Explain PC impacts on network performance

• Distinguish related parameters.


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS

• UL-PC: Control Scheme

• UL-PC: Closed Loop

• UL-PC: Parameters

• DL-PC: RL10

• DL-PC: PC on PDCCH


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



OverviewObjective

Improve cell edge behaviour, reduce inter-cell interference and power consumption.DL ‘semi-static’ power setting• eNodeB gives fixed power density per PRB scheduled for transport.

– Total Tx power is max. when all PRBs are scheduled– No adaptive/dynamic power control– (O&M parameter) Cell Power Reduction level CELL_PWR_RED [0...10] dB

attenuation in 0.1 dB steps– DL PC on PDCCH

UL: Slow uplink Power Control• Combination of open loop PC and closed loop PC• Open loop PC

– Calculated at the UE based on pathloss measurements• Closed loop PC

– Based on exchange of feedback data and commands between UE and eNodeB – SW-licensed enhancement ( can be switched on and off)


OverviewProcedure for Slow UL Power control• UE controls the Tx power to keep the transmitted power spectral density (PSD)

constant independent of the allocated transmit bandwidth (#PRBs)

• If no feedback from eNodeB ( in the PDCCH UL PC command) the UE performs open loop PC based on path loss measurements

• If feedback from eNodeB the UE corrects the PSD when receiving PC commands from eNodeB ( in the PDCCH UL PC command)

PC commands ( up and down) based on UL quality and signal level measurements

• Applied separately for PUSCH, PUCCH

• Scope of UL PC is UE level ( performed separately for each UE in a cell)

1) Initial TX power level

2) SINR measurment

3) Setting new power offset4) TX power level adjustment with the new offset


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



UL-PC: Overview

LTE: orthogonal UL tx, i.e. near-far-problem much less severe than WCDMA • UL: dynamic, slow PC – open & closed loop • need for PL / shadowing etc. compensation OL PC• need for correction/ adjustments of e.g. open loop inaccuracies CL PC

Interference (I)- main cause: inter-cell

Signal strength S:depends on PL, indoor loss etc., i.e. location

Noise (N) = kB T f + NFeNB

Very low

Low

High

Very high


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



UL-PC: PUSCH

dBmifiPLjjPiMPiP )}()()()())((log10,{min)( TFO_PUSCHPUSCH10MAXPUSCH

PPUSCH: PUSCH Power in subframe i

Pmax: max. allowed power

MPUSCH: number of scheduled RBs

PO_PUSCH(j) = PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH(j) + PO_UE_PUSCH(j)

PL: pathloss [dB] = referenceSignalPower – higher layer filtered RSRP

TF (i) = 10 log 10 (2MPR Ks – 1) for Ks = 1.25 else 0, MPR = TBS/NRE, NRE : number of RE

Ks defined by deltaMCS-Enabled, UE specific

Semi-persistant: j=0 / dynamic scheduling: j=1 (RL09: semi-persistant n/a)

PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH(0,1): cell specific (SysInfo) PO_UE_PUSCH(0,1): UE specific (RRC)

(0,1) = 0.0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 (partial PL compensation by open loop)

Random access grant: j=2

PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH(2): PO_PRE + Preamble_Msg3 PO_UE_PUSCH(2) = 0

a (2) = 1.0 (i.e. full PL compensation)

f(i): TPC (closed loop adjustment)

dBifiPLjPiMPiPH )()()())((log10)( TFO_PUSCHPUSCH10MAX


PUSCH formula -

Alpha

This path loss compensation factor a is adjustable by

O&M. α is a cell - specific parameter (broadcasted on BCH).

α [0.0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0]

α = 0 , no compensation

α = 1 , full compensation

α ≠ { 0 ,1 } , fractional compensation


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



UL-PC: PUCCH

dBmigFnnhPLjPPiP HARQCQI )}()(),()(,min{)( F_PUCCH0_PUCCHMAXPUCCH

PPUCCH: PUCCH Power in subframe i


P0_PUCCH(j) = P0_NOMINAL_PUCCH(j) + P0_UE_PUCCH(j)

P0_NOMINAL_PUCCH : cell specific (SysInfo)

P0_UE_PUCCH : UE specific (RRC)

PL: pathloss [dB] = referenceSignalPower – higher layer filtered RSRP

F_PUCCH (F) : deltaFListPUCCH

PUCCH format 1, 1a, 1b: h(n) = 0

PUCCH format 2, 2a, 2b and :

h(n) = 0 if nCQI < 4

h(n) = 10log10 (nCQI/4) otherwise

(here: normal CP, for extented CP also nHARQ to be considered, n:number of information bits)

g(i): TPC (closed loop adjustment)


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS (not in RL10)




• DL-PC: RL10



UL-PC: SRS (Sounding Ref Symbol) - not in RL10

PSRS: SRS Power in subframe i


PSRS_OFFSET : UE specific

MSRS: number of RBs

P0_PUSCH , : see above, j=1

f(i): TPC (current PC adjustment state

as defined for PUSCH)

dBmifiPLjjPMPPiP OFFSETSRS )}()()()()(log10,{min)( TFO_PUSCHSRS10_MAXSRS

PSRS = + .. 10 log10 MSRS

PSRS .. ~ MSRS

PSD maintained

(in case of PUSCH: MPUSCH)MSRS


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



RRC-BCCH: P0_NOMINAL_PUSCH, P0_NOMINAL_PUCCH, ALPHA, deltaFListPUCCH, deltaPreambleMsg3

Data

UE: PL

MSRS (due to SRS configuration)

SIB1, UE class: PMAX

PDCCH: DELTA_PUSCH, DELTA_PUCCHMPUSCH taken from scheduling grantRRC-DCCH: P0_UE_PUSCH, P0_UE_PUCCH, DELTA_TF_ENABLED, ACCUMULATION_ENABLED, P_SRS_OFFSET, filterCoefficient

UL-PC: Control SchemeOpen loop: level based

Interference: considered by P0 values not need for explicit signalling


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



UL-PC: Closed loop - PUSCH and SRS (example)Closed loop adjustments:f(i) = f(i-1) + PUSCH (i - KPUSCH) i.e. recursive determination

or

f(i) = PUSCH (i - KPUSCH) i.e. absolute setting

where PUSCH is the signalled TPC in subframe i-KPUSCH

For FDD: KPUSCH = 4

whether the recursive or absolute method is used parameter Accumulation-enabled

Note, for RL09:

- Accumulation-enabled always “true”

- set “(-1,0,1,3) dB” supported; “(-1,1) dB” not supported

P (closed loop)

t


UL-PC: Closed Loop - Process

t

SIB/RRC parameters:P0_NOMINAL_PUSCH, P0_UE_PUSCH, P0_NOMINAL_PUCCH, P0_UE_PUCCH, ALPHA, deltaFListPUCCH, DELTA_TF_ENABLED, ACCUMULATION_ENABLED, deltaPreambleMsg3, P_SRS_OFFSET, filterCoefficient

Periodic reading of averaged level and averaged SINR value (time constant adjustable)

Weighting

Comparison with two-dimensional decision matrix. Calculation of DELTA_ PUSCH and DELTA_ PUCCH values for the UE

Commanding DELTA_PUSCH and DELTA_PUCCH values to the UE via PDCCH

Per UE measurements of• receive power of wanted signal• interference and noise

Calculation of average receive level per TTI.Calculation of SINR (two methods for I+N values)Transformation from Watt into dBm/dB domain.

Clipping using adjustable parameters

Transformation into TF independent format

Long term filtering/averaging of level and SINR using adjustable filter coefficients

time scale: TTI

time scale: filter output period (adjustable by O&M)

DELTA_TF_ENABLED, deltaFListPUCCH

ENABLE_CLPC

ENABLE_CLPC_PUSCH, ENABLE_CLPC_SRS; ENABLE_CLPC_PUCCH

SINR_MAX, SINR_MIN, RSSI_MAX, RSSI_MIN

WF_PUSCH_UE, WF_PUSCH_CELL, WF_SRS_UE, WF_SRS_CELL, WF_PUCCH_UE, WF_PUCCH_CELL

UP_LEV_PUSCH_SRS, LOW_LEV_PUSCH_SRS, UP_QUAL_PUSCH_SRS, LOW_QUAL_PUSCH_SRS, UP_LEV_PUCCH, LOW_LEV_PUCCH, UP_QUAL_PUCCH, LOW_QUAL_PUCCH, minCumDeltaPUSCH, maxCumDeltaPUSCH, minCumDeltaPUCCH, maxCumDeltaPUCCH

TAVG_PUSCH_SRS_CONT, TAVG_PUSCH_SRS_DISCONT, TAVG_PUCCH_CONT, TAVG_PUCCH_DISCONT

FILTER_OUTPUT_PERIOD

DELTA_PUSCH, DELTA_PUCCH



Averaged* received level per TTI per UE:

• RSSIPUSCH/UE

• RSSIPUCCH/UE

• RSSISRS/UE

relevant: PRBs allocated to the particular UE

Averaged* received SINR per TTI per UE:

Relevant for PUSCH and PUCCH: (I+N)UE and (I+N)cell

and for SRS: (I+N)cell

(I+N)cell : all potential PRBs

(I+N)UE : allocated PRBs to the particular UE

• SINRPUSCH/UE

• SINRPUSCH/cell

• SINRPUCCH/UE

• SINRPUCCH/cell

• SINRSRS/cell

Measurements and Averaging

* linear, but converted to dBm, dB for further deployment

Transformation in independent format

TF

PF_PUCCH

h(n)

PO_UE_PUSCH

P0_UE_PUCCH

Normalization applies to: UE and/or TF specific offsets get subtracted:

• PUSCH

• PUCCH

• SRS



Averaged received SINR per TTI per UE:

RSSI*** := min(max(RSSImin,RSSI***)RSSImax)

*** PUSCH/UE, PUSCH/cell, PUCCH/UE, PUCCH/cell, SRS/cell

Clipping

Weighting of MCS independent measurements

Averaged received level per TTI per UE:

RSSI*** := min(max(RSSImin,RSSI***)RSSImax)

*** PUSCH/UE, PUCCH/UE, SRS/UE

CELLSRSWFCELLPUSCHWFUEPUSCHWF

CELLSRSWFSINRCELLPUSCHWFSINRUEPUSCHWFSINRSINRC cellSRScellPUSCHUEPUSCH

SRSPUSCH ______

_______ ///

/

UESRSWFUEPUSCHWF

UESRSWFRSSIUEPUSCHWFRSSIRSSIC UESRSUEPUSCH

SRSPUSCH ____

_____ //

/

PUSCH and SRS - composite SINR and RSSI :

PUCCH - composite SINR and RSSI :

CELLPUCCHWFUEPUCCHWF

CELLPUCCHWFSINRUEPUCCHWFSINRSINRC cellPUCCHUEPUCCH

PUCCH ____

_____ //

UEPUCCHPUCCH RSSIRSSIC /_ Weighting factors WF_*** : range [1, 100]


Decision matrix for the

PUSCH/SRS component

of the CLPC algorithm

RSSIPUSCH/SRS,filtered

DELTA_PUSCH

value

SINRPUSCH/SRS,filtered

Decision matrix for the

PUCCH component of

the CLPC algorithm

RSSIPUCCH,filtered

DELTA_PUCCH

value

SINRPUCCH,filtered


Filtering

x: input (composite RSSI, SINR)

y: output (filtered RSSI, SINR)

n: step, max frequency = 1/TTI Initialization: y(0) := target RSSI/SINR

Low pass filter first order (exponential moving average) :

)()1()1()( nxcnycny c: filter coefficient

c = exp(-T/Tavg) i.e. impact = (1/e) at t = -Tavg

Example: T = 1ms, Tavg = 25 ms c = 0.96


LOW_QUAL_**

UP_QUAL_**

LOW_LEV_**

2 3

5 64

7

+ 1 dB or+ 3 dB

SINR

RSSI

-1 dB

- 1 dB - 1 dB

+ 1 dB or+ 3 dB

+ 1 dB or+ 3 dB

+ 1 dB or+ 3 dB

+ 1 dB or+ 3 dB

0 dB

8 9

UP_LEV_**

1


Decision matrix


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS



• UL-PC: Parameters and setting impacts

• DL-PC: RL10



Trade-off between coverage and capacity (based on simulations)

P0 = -36 dBm = 0.412924 kbps / 1329 kbps

P0 = -86 dBm = 0.89044 kbps / 2098 kbps

P0 = -46 dBm = 0.512625 kbps / 1247 kbps

P0 = -48 dBm = 0.512318 kbps / 1579 kbps

P0 = -52 dBm = 0.511186 kbps / 1910 kbps

P0 = -50 dBm = 0.511833 kbps / 1796 kbps


UL-PC: ParametersName Object Abbreviation Range Description Default

Nominal Power For UE PUSCH Tx Power Calculation

LNCEL p0NomPusch -126...24 dB, step 1 dB

P0_NOMINAL_PUSCH(j=1)

UE specific PUSCH mean power for controllling the mean received SNR for user data in UE uplink power control algorithm

-100 dB

Nominal Power For UE PUCCH Tx Power Calculation

LNCEL p0NomPucch -127...-96 dB, step 1 dB

P0_NOMINAL_PUCCHControls mean received SNR for control data in UE uplink power control algorithm

-100 dB

Alpha LNCEL ulpcAlpha 0.0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0

Used as a fractional path loss compensation factor: alpha. It controls received SNR variance (fairness) for user data and sounding reference symbol

1.0

Power Offset For UE PUCCH Tx Power Calculation

LNCEL p0UePucch -8...7 dB, step 1 dB

P0_UE_PUCCH: UE specific parameter, used to control mean received SNR for control data

0 dB

Power Offset For UE PUSCH Tx Power Calculation

LNCEL p0UePusch -8...7 dB, step 1 dB

P0_UE_PUSCH: UE specific PUSCH power offset for controlling the mean received SNR for user data in UE uplink power control algorithm

0 dB

TPC Step Size PUSCH

LNCEL tpcStepSize 0: TPC step size set (-1,0,1, 3)

1: TPC step size set (-1,1)

Selects between TPC step-size sets {-1; 0; 1; 3} and {-1; 1} to be used for power control command on PDCCH (single parameter for PUSCH and PUCCH). Note: in RL10 no support of (-1,1)

0

Enabled TB Size Impact To UE PUSCH Power Calculation

LNCEL deltaTfEnabled false, true deltaMCS-Enabled: enabling/disabling of transport format dependent offset on a per UE basis

false



DeltaF PUCCH List

LNCEL dFListPucch n/a dFListPucch: SEQUENCE (see values below) n/a

DeltaF PUCCH Format 1

LNCEL dFpucchF1 -2, 0, 2 dB Used to define the PUCCH format 1 0 dB

DeltaF PUCCH Format 1b

LNCEL dFpucchF1b 1, 3, 5 dB Used to define the PUCCH format 1b 1 dB

DeltaF PUCCH Format 2

LNCE dFpucchF2 -2, 0, 1, 2 dB Used to define the PUCCH format 2 0 dB

DeltaF PUCCH Format 2a

LNCE dFpucchF2a -2, 0, 2 dB Used to define the PUCCH format 2a 0 dB

DeltaF PUCCH Format 2b

LNCEL dFpucchF2b -2, 0, 2 dB Used to define the PUCCH format 2b 0 dB



PUSCH/PUCCH TPC Commands Accumulation Enabled

LNCEL ulpcAccuEnable false, true Enables/disables the accumulation of PUSCH/PUCCH TPC commands. Note in RL10 “false” not supported.

true

Delta Preamble Random Access Message 3

LNCEL deltaPreMsg3 -2...12 dB, step 2 dB

Used for the calculation of P0_NOMINAL_PUSCH(j=2) for PUSCH (re)transmission corresponding to the random access response grant.

0 dB



Power Offset For SRS Transmission Power Calculation

LNCEL srsPwrOffset 0...15, step 1 Defines the power offset for SRS in UE uplink power control algorithm

Default=7

corresponding to 0 dB for DELTA_TF_ENABLED = 0

7

Filter Coefficient LNCEL filterCoeff fc0 (0), fc1 (1), fc2 (2), fc3 (3), fc4 (4), fc5 (5), fc6 (6), fc7 (7), fc8 (8), fc9 (9), fc11 (10), fc13 (11), fc15 (12), fc17 (13), fc19 (14)

Filter coefficient for RSRP measurements used to calculate path loss as specified in [3GPP-36.213. 5.1.1.1]. Value fc0 corresponds to k = 0, fc1 corresponds to k = 1, and so on.

fc4 (4)


Exercise 1: UL PC

Input:

• UE1 gets assigned 4 PRB for PUSCH

• d = 2 km

• closed loop f(i) = 0 dB

• S/I = 10 dB

• N = -174 dBm

• NFeNB= 2 dB

• Rx ant gain = 18 dBi

• Pmax = 23 dBm

• parameter values for UL PC: default

Note: PL[dB] for macro case may be used, 1 slope model, clutter = rural (open),

hBS = 30 m, hUE = 1.5 m, f = 2000 MHz:

L(d) [dB] = 105.27 + 35.22 log10(d[km])

Tasks:

- UL power for UE1 ?

- expected SINR ?


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



DL-PC RL10 RL10: (static) Cell Power Reduction • based on single parameter CELL_PWR_RED = 0.0, 0.1 … 10.0 dB

• cell size adjustment and coverage control

• flat Power Spectral Density (PSD)

• semi-static MIMO_COMP (if enabled)

PSD

Frequency

PSD = (Max_TX_Pwr – CELL_PWR_RED) – 10*log10( 12*# PRBs)

Allocated DL PRBs

DL Pilots

PSD

Time


PDCCH

BCH, SCHPDSCH, PCH

PSD

Frequency


Allocated DL PRBs

DL Pilots

PSD

Time


PDCCH

BCH, SCHPDSCH, PCH

LNCEL: dlCellPwrRed

0..10dB, default = 0 dB


DL-PC in RL10

Cell Power Reduction

PSD = (pMax - CELL_PWR_RED) - 10*log10( # PRBs_DL *12) - MIMO_COMP [dBm]

PSD: Power Spectral Density, which specifies the constant absolute Power per 15kHz Resource Element (RE)

pMax: maximum eNodeB transmit power per Antenna in [dBm]

CELL_PWR_RED: O&M parameter

# PRBs_DL: maximum Number of downlink PRBs in given LTE Carrier Bandwidth

MIMO_COMP: Compensation Factor

MIMO_COMP = 0 dB for SISO/SIMO

MIMO_COMP = 0...12 dB for MIMO Diversity and for MIMO Spatial Multiplexing

- PSD given per antenna (RF amplifier output)

- PRBs not scheduled are blanked

applied to UE / cell specific channels and signals: - PSD_CELL_CTRL for BCCH i.e. PBCH+PDSCH, PCFICH and PCH

- PSD_CELL_RS for reference signals (RS) / pilots

- PSD_CELL_SYNC for synchronization channel

- PSD_UE_PDSCH for UE specific part of PDSCH

- PSD_UE_CTRL for PDCCH and PHICH


DL-PC RL09 - Parameters

Name Object Abbreviation Range Description Default

Cell Power Reduce

LNCEL dlCellPwrRed 0...10 dB,

step 0.1 dB

CELL_PWR_RED: Sets the power reduction from a antenna maximum Tx power

0 dB

MIMO Compensation

LNCEL dlpcMimoComp 0...10 dB,

step 0.1 dB

When TxDiv or 2x2 MIMO SM is used, gain applies in downlink. Parameter shall be set according to known gain (typically 3dB).

0 dB


Module Contents

• Overview

• UL-PC: Overview

• UL-PC: PUSCH

• UL-PC: PUCCH

• UL-PC: SRS




• DL-PC: RL10



Main target of DL-PC-CCH

• DL Power Control for PDCCH is an additional mechanism interacting with DL AMC for PDCCH in order to make the signaling as robust as possible

• DL-PC-CCH aims at 1% target BLER but cannot modify AGG assignments

• Main actions performed by DL-PC-CCH– Power reduction on CCEs with assigned AGG level higher than required (or equal)

– Power boosting on CCEs with assigned AGG level lower than required

– Equal power relocation among all scheduled CCEs

1-CCE8-CCE 2-CCE

4-CCE

• Macro cell case #1

• Uniform UE distribution Very good CCEs (CQI highly above 1% BLER target) Bad CCEs (AGG level too high to meet 1% BLER target) If still some power available, relocate equally among all CCEs


Principles of DL-PC-AMC

• PDCCH Power Control can be enabled/disabled by O&M switch

• Maximum transmit power of the Power Amplifier cannot be exceeded (pMax; O&M)

• Reduction and boosting range is strictly defined and is always considered as the limit for power level modification

• DL-PC-CCH operates together with DL-AMC-CCH on TTI basis

• DCI messages with more than one CCE (AGG-…>1) have a flat PSD,thus all CCEs belonging to one scheduled UE are transmitted with the same power

ShortName

DescriptionRange/

StepDefaultValue

Parameter Scope

Remark

enablePcPdcch Enabling/disabling PC for PDCCH. In case the parameter is disabled, a flat downlink PSD is used.

true, false true Cell Changing parameter requires object locking.Operator configurable.

pdcchPcBoost Maximum power boost per CCE. 0...10 dB, step 0.1

dB

4 dB BTS Not modifiable.Vendor configurable.

pdcchPcRed Maximum power reduction per CCE.

0...10 dB, step 0.1

dB


pdcchPcReloc Maximum limit on the equal power relocation per CCE.

0...10 dB, step 0.1

dB



General algorithm

OUTPUT_LIST_DL_AMC_CCH from DL-AMC-CCH

• required AGG levels per UE per DCI format

• assigned AGG levels per UE per DCI format

• pdcchCQI per UE

• calculated TOTAL_NUM_CCEs(all available CCEs; PHICH&PCFICH considered)

Build the Power Basket(“free unused” power on PDCCH)

Count unused power from unscheduled CCEs

Decrease the power for all UEs with assigned AGG level equal to the required AGG level to meet the 1% BLER target and count the amount to the Power Basket

Increase the power for all UEs with the assigned AGG level lower than the required AGG level to meet the 1% BLER target.

Modify the Power Basket according to the amount of power used for boosting.

If the Power Basket is still not empty, relocate the excess power equally among all scheduled UEs.

OUTPUT_LIST_DL_PC_CCH from DL-PC-CCH

• power levels to be applied for all scheduled UEs

…to DL-PHY

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