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Thriving amidst Geologic Hazardsin the Philippines

Part 2

Emmanuel G. Ramos, PhD

Geophysicist

Tekton GeoMetrix

Outline

Risks and disaster reductionHazards, Risks and disaster reduction

Challenges in disaster/risk management

Ignorance or improper knowledge

Improper planning/preparation

Improper cooperation

A challenge to Disaster/Risk Managers

What are geologic hazards?

Geologic events that can cause

destruction of lives and property.

Volcanic eruptions

Earthquakes

Fault movement

Liquefaction

Landslides

Floods

Tsunami

Debris flow and laharsSubsidence

Meteorite impact?

What are the features of geologic hazards?

Part of natural processes on Earth

Involve geologic (Earth) materials

Usually of high energy

Some are slow onset (sea level rise)

Some are fast onset (earthquake)

Some are predictable (tides, volcanic eruptions)

Some are hard to predict (earthquakes, meteor fall)

Some are geographic in occurrence (glaciers)Some are common (landslides)

Some have primeland preference (floods)

Faults and Liquefaction

Are both Hazards?

Lahar Hazard Map ofMayon Volcano

HAZARD MAPS:HAZARD MAPS:

How are thesemaps generated?

Details orconcepts?

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Hazard zonation map of Canlaon Volcano

How are thesemaps generated?

Details orconcepts?

Sacobia River showing 1994 topography & 1997 SPOT

Lake

Clark airfield

Centennial

Park

How are thesemaps generated?

Details orconcepts?

What are the sources of

information?

Details or concepts?

Do you need to know?

Number of events vs. Magnitude of events

Do you need to know?

Relationship Between Magnitude Scales

Do you need to know?

Types of surface waves

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Tsunami risk areas in thePhilippines

HAZARDHAZARDIDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION

Is information fixed?

Study of HistoricalEarthquakes and

Tsunamis

Is information fixed?

Ignorance is costly!Ignorance is costly!

Government agencies that address geologic hazards

PHIVOLCS earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and laharsMines and Geoscience Bureau landslides, subsidence, floodsBureau of Soils and Water Management erosion and floodsPAGASA typhoons, floodsNational Water Resources Board - floods

Note: Most are of national in levelPHIVOLCS has volcano observatories & seismic stations

PAGASA has weather stations

BSWM has field stations

MGB has regional stations

Ignorance is costly!

What to do Before,Duringand After an Earthquake

PHIVOLCS Earthquake IntensityScale

Back to basics!

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MANDATE

To prevent, or at leastmitigate disasters arisingfrom volcanic eruptions,occurrences of large-magnitude earthquakes,and/or other relatedgeotectonic phenomena

Taal Volcano, Batangas,Luzon Island

MonitoringMonitoringNetworkNetwork

Cherry Hill landslide

Baguio landslide

LANDSLIDES WHY TAKE THE RISK??

The task of a risk manager

Geologic hazards ~ Extreme events Large geologic events

Climate change and extreme weather

Complex events

Large geologic event

Chain of other (smaller) events

Large area of (multiple types of) impact

Mixture of Short and Long term impacts

Examples of risks from Philippine geologic hazards

Tsunami

Distant and local

Large volcanic

eruption

Sendong-type

storms

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Risks from geologic hazards The management of risks from geologic hazards

Events cannot be controlled

But risks can be reduced

Events can be controlled

And risks can be reduced

WHY TAKE THE RISK??

The task of a risk manager

Resilience

Anticipation

Prevention

How can comics reduce risks from geologic hazards?

Xlink

XML

XML SchemaSOAP

HTTPServerPages

Java

JavaScript

HTML

2000,OpenGISConsortium,Inc.All RightsReserved2000,OpenGIS Consortium, Inc. All RightsReserved 55

Open GISConsortiumOpen GIS Consortium

for a changing world.

Spatial connectivity

GatewayGatewayServicesServices

ServicesServices

ResponseResponse

Device andDeviceandCarrierCarrierCommunityCommunity

ServiceServiceCommunitiesCommunitiesRequestRequest

InputInput

DeviceDevice

OutputOutputDeviceDevice

OutputOutputMethodMethod(content(contentpreparedpreparedfor outputfor outputtoMultipleto MultipleDevices)Devices)

ServiceService

RequestRequest

ServiceServiceResponseResponse

GatewayGatewayServicesServices

Imaging andPositioning

Mobile(Wireless)

InternetandWeb

LocationLocationLocationLocation---- interactive

basedbasedbasedbased

ServicesServicesServicesServices

Four Technology Trends to Watch

(ca. 2004) Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information

Systems (GIS) help analyze,

integrate, and display

information.

GIS is an excellent tool for

emergency managers.

GIS enables easy

visualization of complex

situations.

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Internet and hazards visualization

Use Internet to...

Search for hazards

maps from online

agencies

Interactively view

& modify maps

Use maps for

decisions

Publish

Visualize

Discover

OGC

WEB

SERVICES

= Web Server

Visualization of hazardsVisualization of hazards

Value-

Add

Service/Data RegistriesWeb Mapping - Data ServersWeb Mapping - Portrayal Services

LGULGU

NGONGO

CommunityCommunity

NationalNational

Hazard

MapSources

UniversityUniversity

Hazard Map Discoveryand Visualization

WebWeb--Based Thin ClientsBased Thin Clients

& GIS Applications& GIS Applications

Applications

Internet and Web-based

Technologies

Global & evolving Internet.

Multiple connections:terrestrial, wireless,satellite.

Graphics & text, Searchand Exchange many types

of information, includinggeospatial information.

Interoperable Web-basedMapping.

Xlink

XML

XSLT

XML Schema

UDDI

SOAP

HTTPServer Pages

Java

JavaScript

HTML

www.mapcentral.ph

Imaging and Positioning Technologies

Data imaging

Informationcollection, analysis,and dissemination.

Imagery used fordisaster

preparedness. Online databases.

Integrates with GIS. GlobalGlobalPositioningPositioningSystem (GPS)System (GPS)

High-res image of LosAlamos, NM, USAshows damage tostructures fromwildfires (imagecourtesy SpaceImaging)

Variety ofplatformsoperating

Xlink

XML

XML SchemaSOAP

HTTPServerPages

Java

JavaScript

HTML

2000,OpenGISConsortium,Inc.All RightsReserved2000,OpenGIS Consortium, Inc. All RightsReserved 55

Open GISConsortiumOpen GIS Consortium

for a changing world.

Spatial connectivity

GatewayGatewayServicesServices

ServicesServices

ResponseResponse

Device andDeviceandCarrierCarrierCommunityCommunity

ServiceServiceCommunitiesCommunitiesRequestRequest

InputInput

DeviceDevice

OutputOutputDeviceDevice

OutputOutputMethodMethod(content(contentpreparedpreparedfor outputfor outputtoMultipleto MultipleDevices)Devices)

ServiceService

RequestRequest

ServiceServiceResponseResponse

GatewayGatewayServicesServices

Environmentalsensors

MobileCommunications

InternetandWeb

MappingMappingMappingMapping

ServicesServicesServicesServices

Technology Trends to use

(ca. 2013) Be properly informed

The threat of ignorance.

o What threat?

o Where? When? How strong?

o How to act before, during and after?

o How to collaboratively work towards

reducing risks

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Challenges to Philippine

disaster risk reduction

Population pressure - A growing populationbeing exposed to natural hazards

Manila Bays shores

Pasig River banks

Ormoc 1991 disaster

Challenges to Philippine

disaster risk reduction

Professional pride - People of influencerefusing to accept valid scientific evidence

or other peoples work

The Nevado del Ruiz (1985) lahar disaster

Muntinlupa events as fault movement

Debris flow during Sendong caused by logging

Challenges to Philippine

disaster risk reduction

Political Priorities Economic priorities may

lead to high risk developments

A resort in the crater of Taal Lake

An airport on a young pyroclastic flow

Mining in unstable slopes

Subdivisions in unstable grounds

Buildings straddling active faults

Development in flood-prone coastal areas

Challenges to Philippine

disaster risk reduction

Exclusivity and territorial attitude of officials

Successful disaster risk reduction is a multi-

disciplinary, multi-agency, multi-level activity

Successful disaster risk reduction is not a one-man

affair

Beware of being territorial bureaucratsBeware of being exclusive experts

The challenge to Philippine

risk reduction professionals

Be properly informed

Science, problems, solutions

Avoid information overload and misleads

Be cooperatively influential

Political, technical, publicly

Avoid popularism

Be intelligently resolute

A social responsibility

Avoid distractions