Moisture adsorption isotherm of Actinopyga miliaris

7/29/2019 Moisture adsorption isotherm of Actinopyga miliaris

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0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

EMC(%drybasis)

aw

Moisture AdsorptionIsotherm of Sea cucumber

(Ac t inopyga m il iar is)

ENDMETHODSROLINTRO

1

Christine Joy Allas

R&D S&C REC


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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Sea cucumber

KINGDOM:Animalia

PHYLUM: Echinodermata

CLASS: Holothuroidea

ORDER: Aspiodochirotida

FAMILY: Holothuriidae

GENUS: ActinopygaSPECIES: miliaris

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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO R&D S&C REC


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Dried sea cucumber is the 8th major fishery export interms of value as of year 2011 amounting to 730 MTsold at 8,228 USD or 354,471 Pesos (BFAR, 2011)

Sea cucumbers are harvested for food consumptionand its pharmaceutical benefits

A kilo of high value species can be sold up to 4000

Php. And low value species can still be sold at380Php


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Source: Brown, E.O. Et al., 2010

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Project Title:Enhancing Philippine Sea Cucumber Industry throughAppropriate Processing Technology

PCAARRDs Program Title:Increasing Sea cucumber Culture Production andValue of Dried Sea cucumber Products

Moisture Adsorption Isotherm of Sea cucumber


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Moisture sorption isotherm provides thermodynamicproperties needed for the design and optimization ofdrying process of sea cucumber (Actinopyga miliaris)

MSI are also used to predict shelf life

This study will be a contribution to PCAARRDsprogram

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To develop a mathematical model foradsorption isotherms of A. miliaris

To determine the effects of temperatureon sorption isotherms of A. miliaris

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To determine the shelf life ofA. miliarispacked in polyethylene film

1

2

3

To determine the adsorption isotherms ofActinopyga miliaris

The general objective of the study is

The specific objectives are

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SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study determined only the adsoprtion isothermsof the species Actinopyga miliaris

At varying temperature of 30, 45 and 60 C

And equilibrium relative humiditiesranging from 11-50%

Each set-up was done in duplicatewith two samples per set-up (total of 4 replicates)

Size of polyethylene films used: smallest availablesize available in PHTRC

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TIME AND PLACE OF STUDY

February 2012 to September 2013

Grain Laboratory, ABPROD, CEAT, UPLB

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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Beche-de-mer Industry Moisture Content Water Activity Moisture Sorption Isotherms Moisture Sorption Isotherm Determination Shelf Life of Packaged Sea Cucumber



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Beche-de-mer Industry

Beche-de-mer (French): The processed form of sea cucumber

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Local Name: Balatan

Processing: evisceration-> boiling-> burial indamp sand -> removalof external coat ->

reboiling-> sun drying

Proximate Analysis:

Moisture 17%Protein 43%Minerals 21%Fat 2%Soluble Ash 7%


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Moisture Content

Moisture Content: the ratio ofthe amount of water presentin the material to its totalweight

Equilibrium moisturecontent (EMC) - a pointwhere the vapor pressureof material is equal to thevapor pressure of its

surroundings at constanttemperature and relativehumidity

()

()

MCwb = % moisture content in wet basisMC

db= % moisture content in dry basis

mw = mass of wet materialmd = mass of dry material

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Water Activity

The measure of the energy status of water in thematerial

Where:

aw= water activity

p = partial pressure of water in the material at a given temp

Po = vapor pressure of material at same tempERH = equilibrium relative humidiy

%

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Moisture Sorption Isotherms

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Moisture Sorption Isotherms

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Sorption Isotherm Determination

Controlled

EMCMeasured

RHConstant

T

ControlledRH

MeasuredEMC

ConstantT

GravimetricMethod

Static

Dynamic

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Sorption Isotherm Determination

Salt Solution

ERH (%)

T=30C T=45C T=60C

Lithium chloride (LiCl) 11.28 11.16 10.95

Potassium acetate (CH3CO2K) 21.61 19.8 18.00

Magnesium chloride (MgCl) 32.40 31.10 29.26

Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) 43.10 42.06 42.12

Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) 52.5 48.5 44.4

ERH of different salt solutions at 30, 45 and 60C.

Source: Greenspan (1976); Greenspan, 1977 and Labuza et al., 1985 as cited by Gazor, 2010

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Mathematical Models of SorptionIsotherm

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MSI could be expressed mathematically throughthese models

TheoreticalEmpirical

Semi-empirical

LinearNon-linear

Regresssional



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Shelf Life of Packaged SeaCucumbers

Food Packaging: necessary to ensure food safetyand quality

,=

,

is the thickness of packaging material (m)

W is the weight of the product (kg)

P is the permeability of the material (kgm/m2dkPa)

A is the area of the package (m2

)p

satis the water vapor pressure of pure water at storage temperature (kPa)

RHo is the relative humidity outside the package (%)

RHi is the relative humidity inside the package (%)

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R&D

Sample Conditioning

Sample Conditioning

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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC


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EMC determination

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R&D ENDMETHODSROLINTRO S&C REC

Preparation os salt solutions EMC determinationSystem set-up


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EMC determination

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EMC determinationSystem set-up Preparation os salt solutions


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EMC determination

The samples will be subjected to thesalt with lowest ERH (Lithiumchloride)

The samples will be weighed ideallyevery two hours

Recording of actual temperature

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Preparation os salt solutions EMC determinationSystem set-up


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Adsorption Isotherm Modeling

Selection of best modelCurve Fit

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MODEL NAME MODEL EQUATION

Modified Chung-Pfost1

( + )

Modified Henderson3

( )

+

Modified Oswin1 + [

]

Guggenhein-Anderson-

de Boer(GAB)2

( ) ( + )

Brunauer-Emmet-Teller

(BET)2 ()

( + ())

Modified Smith3 + ( + )


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Adsorption Isotherm Modeling

Selection of best model Selection of best modelCurve Fit

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Estimation of Shelf Life

CalculationExperimental Procedure

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Drying to 2% MC Packing

Weighing of Samples Recording of actual

Temperature Recording of actual

RH


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Estimation of Shelf Life

CalculationExperimental Procedure

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Linear equation from best model obtainedERH=a+b(MC)

WVTR

,=

,


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Fluctuating weight of samples at 30% RHCrystalization of salts

Stabilization of weight:11% and 20%: 1 week30%, 40% and 50%: 4 weeks

Actual temperature is close to ambient/controllersetting

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

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ENDROLINTRO S&C RECR&DMETHODS


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EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT

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0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

EMC(%drybasis)

aw

Figure 4-1. Moisture Sorption Isotherm


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SORPTION ISOTHERM MODEL

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0.0

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4.0

5.0

6.0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

EMC(%

drybasis)

aw

Figure 4-1. Moisture Sorption Isotherm

GAB Model

R2=0.0985RMSE=0.14192 =0.0557

30

45

60


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ESTIMATION OF SHELF LIFE

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0.00

1.00

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4.00

5.00

6.00

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

EM

C(%)

Day

1 mil

1.5 mil

2 mil


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GAB model

Temperature has no significant effect

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Increased thickness of PE film willprolong storage ofA.miliaris

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2

3

To determine the adsorption isotherms ofActinopyga miliaris

The general objective of the study is

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ENDMETHODSROLINTRO RECS&CR&D


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Increase range of water activity

Reduce duration of experimentUse more samples and get EMC simultaneously fordifferent RH

Use same package sizeUse samples of equal or almost equal weights

RECOMMENDATION

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ENDROLINTRO R&DMETHODS

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2

3

RECS&C


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THANK YOU!

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ENDMETHODOLOGYREVIEW OF LITERATUREINTRODUCTION

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Moisture adsorption isotherm of Actinopyga miliaris

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