+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons...

Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons...

Date post: 14-Apr-2018
Category:
Upload: truongkien
View: 217 times
Download: 4 times
Share this document with a friend
17
Much Needed Broadband Recording for Hydraulic Fracturing Aibing Li Hongru Hu Ricardo Zavala GSH/IRIS Workshop , June 3, 2014, Houston
Transcript
Page 1: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Much  Needed  Broadband  Recording  for  Hydraulic  Fracturing    

Aibing  Li      Hongru  Hu    

Ricardo  Zavala    

GSH/IRIS  Workshop  ,  June  3,  2014,  Houston  

Page 2: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Hydraulic  Fracturing  Injec2ng  a  million  gallons  of  water,  sand,  and  chemical  mixture  

(Granberg, 2010)  

Page 3: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Typical  properLes  of  microseismicity    

(Mayerhofer  etal.,  2011,  Maxwell,  2011)  

 Magnitude:  -­‐3  to  -­‐1    Frequency:  50-­‐200  Hz    Source;  shear  mechanism    

Page 4: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

QuesLons    

• What  are  the  effects  of  water  in  ground  deformaLon  during  hydraulic  fracturing?  •  Can  the  water  effects  be  observed  and  idenLfied?  

Page 5: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Volcanic  Earthquakes  •  High-­‐frequency  earthquakes  (5-­‐15  Hz)  –  Caused  by  shear  slip  on  faults  –  Clear  P  and  S  wave  

•  Low-­‐frequency  (1-­‐5  Hz)  –  Caused  by  pressure  change  during  the  transport  of  unsteady  fluid  (magma,  ground  water)  

–  Lack  of  S  wave  •  Volcanic  tremor    (long  duraLon  of  shaking)  

  (McNub,  1996)  

Page 6: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Non-­‐volcanic  LFEs  and  Tremors  

•  Found  in  Japan,  Cascadia,  and  other  subducLons  zones,  and  the  San  Andreas  Fault.  •  Shear  slip  on  exisLng  faults    •  Associated  with  high  fluid  pressure  

 (Becken  et  al.,  2011;  Ide  et  al.,  2007;  Shelly  et  al.,  2007,    Shelly,  2010)  

Page 7: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

(Das  and  Zoback,  2012)  

Long  Period  and  Long  DuraLon  Events  in  the  Barneb  Shale,  TX    

Page 8: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Map of receivers (1008) and the well   Map  of  microseismic  events  at  14  stages  

Hydraulic  Fracturing  in  the  Eagle  Ford  Shale  in  NE  Mexico  

Page 9: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Geophone  Record  and  frequency-­‐Lme  plot    (1)  

Page 10: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Geophone  Record  and  frequency-­‐Lme  plot    (2)  

Page 11: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Data  Example    

Raw  data  

High  pass  

Low  pass  

Page 12: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Seismograms  for  HF  and  LF  events  

HF  

LF  

Page 13: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Resonance Frequency: 14, 18, and 28 Hz. LFE: 3-4 Hz  

(Yu and Zhang, 2013)  

Broadband  records  and  Lme-­‐frequency  plot  for  a  hydraulic  fracturing  experiment  in  the  Sichuan  basin  

Page 14: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

(Tary et al, 2014)  

Comparison  of  Lme-­‐frequency  plots  from  a  broadband  staLon  and  a  geophone      

Page 15: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

   

(Maxwell,  2014)  (Warpinksi  et  al.,  2013)  

Not  well  acquired  and  studied    

 Dominant  frequencies  for  geophone,  broadband  sensor,  and  Lltmeter    

Page 16: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Summary  

•  Low-­‐frequency  events  exist  during  the  hydraulic  fracturing  treatment.  

•  Typical  geophones  do  not  have  good  responses  for  the  interested  LFEs.  

•  Broadband  data  acquisiLon  is  needed  to  study  the  LFEs.  

•  Detail  studies  need  be  conducted  to  understand  the  mechanisms  of  LFEs  and  their  role  in  forming  the  fracture  network.  

Page 17: Much%Needed%Broadband%Recording% for%Hydraulic%Fracturing… · Source;%shear% mechanism% % Quesons ... hydraulic%fracturing%treatment.% • Typical%geophones%do%nothave%good%responses%

Acknowledgement  

•  Thanks  PEMEX-­‐CONACYT-­‐SENER    for  supporLng  Ricardo  Zavala.  

•  Thanks  PEMEX  E&P  for  allowing  us  to  use  the  data  in  Hongru’s  and  Ricardo’s  thesis  researches  and  in  this  presentaLon.    


Recommended