Name: _________________ Date: ________ Per: _____ Earth's History Ahearn A) breakup of Pangaea B) evolution of the earliest corals C) Alleghenian orogeny D) extinction of ammonoids 1. A 65.5-million-year-old impact crater in Mexico provides evidence for the cause of the A) Gayle shale B) Freeport sandstone C) Erie coal, but before formation of Freeport sandstone D) Dunbar limestone, but before formation of Erie coal 2. The diagram below represents a geologic cross section of a portion of Earth's crust. Folding and erosion occurred after the formation of the 3. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section below in which overturning has not occurred. Letters A through H represent rock layers. A) folding ® uplift ® erosion ® deposition B) intrusion ® erosion ® folding ® uplift C) erosion ® folding ® deposition ® intrusion D) deposition ® uplift ® erosion ® folding Which sequence of events most likely caused the unconformity shown at the bottom of rock layer B?
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Name: _________________ Date: ________ Per: _____
Earth's History Ahearn
A) breakup of Pangaea B) evolution of the earliest coralsC) Alleghenian orogeny D) extinction of ammonoids
1. A 65.5-million-year-old impact crater in Mexico provides evidence for the cause of the
A) Gayle shaleB) Freeport sandstoneC) Erie coal, but before formation of Freeport sandstoneD) Dunbar limestone, but before formation of Erie coal
2. The diagram below represents a geologic cross section of a portion of Earth's crust.
Folding and erosion occurred after the formation of the
3. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section below in which overturning hasnot occurred. Letters A through H represent rock layers.
Which sequence of events most likely caused the unconformity shown at the bottom of rock layer B?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
A) B)
C) D)
4. The geologic cross section below shows an unconformity in New York State bedrock layers that have notbeen overturned. Index fossils found throughout some rock layers are shown.
Which New York State index fossil may have been present in a rock layer that is missing due to theunconformity?
A) unconformity B) faultC) brachiopod fossil D) coarse-grained igneous rock
5. Which feature in the geologic cross section below was formed by erosion?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
A) 13 B) 47 C) 101 D) 126
6. The geologic cross section below shows the geologic age of two rock layers separated by an unconformity.
The unconformity at the bottom of the Silurian rock layer indicates a gap in the geologic time record. Whatis the minimum time, in millions of years, shown by the gap?
A) the deposition of gravel followed by the deposition of sand and siltB) continuous sedimentation in a deep basin over a long periodC) uplift followed by extensive erosion, submergence, and depositionD) a period of extrusive vulcanism followed by another period of extrusive vulcanism
7. An unconformity between two sedimentary layers is most likely produced by
A) A B C D B) C D A BC) C A D B D) A C B D
8. The diagrams below show geologic cross sections of the same part of the Earth's crust at different times inthe geologic past.
Which sequence shows the order in which this part of the crust probably formed?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below which represent two rock outcrops foundseveral miles apart in New York State. Individual rock layers are lettered, and fossils and rock types areindicated.
A) A and B B) B and C C) D and E D) E and F
An unconformity (buried erosional surface) is represented by the interface between which two layers?
10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a cross section of aneroded fold that has not been overturned.
A) A B) I C) C D) E
The fossils found in rock layer G will most closely resemble those found in rock layer
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
11. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section of bedrock shown below. A through G identify rock layers and Q represents a fault. Lines W, X, Y, and Z are locations ofunconformities. The rocks have not been overturned.
A) obsidian B) slateC) metaconglomerate D) sandstone
Which rock most likely formed in the zone of contact between rock E and rock F?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the block diagrams below, which represent three widelyseparated outcrops. All rock layers are sedimentary. No overturning has occurred. Layers labeled with thesame letter are the same age.
A) early flowering plant B) early humanC) early reptile D) early dinosaur
12. Layer I is of Permian age. Which fossil could be found in layer H?
A) deposition of the sediments in layer F B) erosion of the surface of layer FC) folding of layer F D) faulting of layer F
13. Which geologic process that affected layer F happened first?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
14. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents rock unitsthat have not been overturned. Lines CC' and GG ' represent unconformities. The geologic ages of some ofthe lettered rock units are shown below the cross section.
A) They contain mostly sand-sized sediment.B) They contain both land and marine fossils.C) They were altered by contact metamorphism.D) They were deposited as horizontal layers and were later tilted.
Which inference about rock units D, E, and H can best be supported by evidence in the cross section?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
15. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a cross section of Earth’scrust.
A) A and B B) C and D C) D and F D) E and H
The most apparent buried erosional surface is found between rock units
A) forests can grow on continental glaciersB) coal can form in cold climatesC) Antarctica’s climate was once warmerD) Antarctica currently has areas of tropical climate
16. The presence of coal in Antarctica indicates that
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
A) Volcanic activity caused rapid deposition of the sedimentary layers.B) Large-scale erosion caused a gap in the time record.C) Extensive folding caused the rock layers to overturn.D) Intrusion of igneous material occurred sometime between the deposition of layer A and layer D.
17. The diagram at the right represents a core drilling in a region consisting of only four sedimentary rocklayers, A, B, C, and D. Which geologic event could explain the order of the rock layers in the coredrilling?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
18. The geologic cross section below represents an area where faulting has occurred. Rock layers have notbeen overturned.
Within which circled area does older rock directly overlie younger rock?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
A) deposition of sediments for rock layer A B) formation of the faultC) intrusion of the igneous material E D) cementation of sediments for rock layer D
19. The geologic cross section below shows sedimentary rock layers A, B, C, and D, which have not beenoverturned. E is an igneous intrusion. Line XY represents a fault.
Which geologic event occurred most recently?
Base your answers to questions 20 through 22 on the cross sections below, which show widely separatedoutcrops at locations W, X, Y, and Z. The rock layers have not been overturned. Line AB in the crosssection at location W represents an unconformity. Fossils are shown in some of the layers.
20. Identify two of the processes involved in the formation of the unconformity represented by line AB in thecross section at location W.
21. What evidence shown in the outcrop at location W suggests that the igneous intrusion occurred after bothfossils were deposited at location W?
Date: ________
Earth's History Ahearn
22. Determine the relative geologic age of the four fossils by correlating the rock layers between theseoutcrops. Number the fossils from 1 to 4 in order of relative age, with 1 as the oldest and 4 as the youngest.
Base your answers to questions 23 through 25 on The geologic cross section below. Radioactive datingindicates that the granite intrusion is 279 million years old and the vesicular basalt is 260 million years old.The rock layers have not been overturned.
23. The granite intrusion caused part of the limestone layer to undergo metamorphism. What metamorphicrock would most likely be found in this zone of contact metamorphism?
24. List the six rock units in the order from the oldest to the youngest.
25. During which geologic time period did the shale layer form?
