Presented By:Faizan A Tughlaq(01)

Shilpa Ingle(11)

Shoeb Khan(21)

Shabahan Meethal(31)

Darshana Patil(41)

Premdeep Singh(51)

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT

Presented To: Prof Bharat Nadkarni

The Sardar Sarovar Dam

Narmada Main Canal- Dam Site

The Narmada is the fifth longest river in south Asia and the longest in central India. It is also the longest Indian river flowing westwards.

Rising near Amarkantak in the Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh (MP) at an elevation of 2,700 feet.

It travels more than 965 km to form a natural 35 km border between MP and Maharashtra and a 40 km long natural border between Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Narmada River

In1946 the Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) became a part of the Narmada Valley Development Project (NVDP).

The NVDP comprises 30 large dams (of which the SSP is the largest), 135 medium dams and 3,000 small dams.

1961 Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurates project.

The construction work was started in 1987 and it took almost two decades to be completed.

Sardar Sarovar Project- History

Provide safe drinking water to 30 million people.

Irrigate 17.93 million hectares of land covering 3112 villages of 73 talukas in gujarat and also some parts of Rajasthan.

Produce 1200 mw and 250 mw of power with the help of two types of power houses ,river bed power house and canal head power house.

Flood protection measuring to 30,000 ha.

Provide 1,300 cu-mtrs of water per year.

Provide a drainage system to carry away floodwaters

Benefits of the project

Benefits of the project

Source of tourism Dams often happen to be tourist hot spots and attractions.

Tourism is a source of employment and livelihood to people and can help increase employment opportunities for people living around the dam.

Other benefits Fisheries development, recreational facilities, protection of

conserved forest, agro industrial development etc.

Abuse of human rights .

Migration of over 1mn poor and underprivileged people.

Losing of livelihood.

Ecological imbalance

Accumulation of silt and disruption of the formation of floodplains

Submerging local flora and fauna

Health issues.

Negative Impact :

Not enough resettlement sites -12,000 families left without any rehabilitation provision

Sites without basic amenities Move to the outskirts of the city Insufficient cash payment No amenities promised Need to buy water

Rehabilitation & Resettlement

In February 1999, the Supreme Court of India gave the go ahead for the dam's height to be raised to 88 m (289 ft) from the initial 80 m (260 ft).

In October 2000 again, in a 2 to 1 majority judgment in the Supreme Court, the government was allowed to construct the dam up to 90 m (300 ft).

Height Issues

In May 2002, the Narmada Control Authority approved increasing the height of the dam to 95 m (312 ft).

In March 2004, the Authority allowed a 15 m (49 ft) height increase to 110 m (360 ft).

In March 2006, the Narmada Control Authority gave clearance for the height of the dam to increased from 110.64 m (363.0 ft) to 121.92 m (400.0 ft). This came after 2003 when the Supreme Court of India refused to stay the height of the dam again.

Height Issues

The SSP had felled 2,493 ha of forest in 1983 in anticipation of submergence without the ministry’s clearance.

Sardar Sarovar will submerge 14,000 hectares of forests.

Threatening with extinction the Marsh crocodile, the most productive Hilsa fishery now left in India, the giant freshwater prawn and the Mahseer fish.

Environmental Impact

Social Impact

A grim situation awaits more than 1500 families in Maharashtra and 12000 families in Madhya Pradesh who face submergence every monsoon due to the rise in the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam.

Communities displaced – up to 100,000 people

Residents of Pendriapada (Guj) look on their destroyed homes and fields

Stagnant water increased….

More mosquitoes breeding…

Increased levels of malaria…

                                                      

A huge percentage of the displaced are tribal people (57.6 per cent in the case of the Sardar Sarovar Dam). Include Dalits and the figure becomes obscene.

If you consider that tribal people account for only eight per cent, and Dalits 15 per cent, of India's population, it opens up a whole other dimension to the story.

Tribal momadic people displaced for settled irrigated cash crop growers.

Narmada Main Canal

Started in 1985, Narmada Bachao Andolan is the most powerful mass movement.

Led by Medha Patkar, it has now been turned into the International protest, gaining support from NGO'S all around the globe.

Famous celebrities like film star Aamir Khan and Arundhati Roy has made open efforts to support Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Narmada Bachao Andolan

Main Dama)On 8th March 2006, NCA has permitted to raise the dam height

of spillway of Sardar Sarovar Dam to EL 121.92 M. The work of raising has been taken up.

b)93.53% [ 63.79 LCM] of total quantity of 68.20 LCM to be placed in the dam at final height is completed.

c)Construction of Irrigation Bye Pass Tunnel [IBPT] is almost completed and water is flowing through.

Current Status

Hydro Powera)CANAL HEAD POWER HOUSE [CHPH] Canal Head Power House is completed in all respect and is

commissioned on 5/12/2004. Each Unit is able of generating about 18 MW of power.

b)RIVER BED POWER HOUSE [RBPH] There are total 6 units of TG in RBPH, each of 200 MW install

capacity. Five units are commissioned. At the end of March, 2006, total 2215.00 MUs are generated from both power house

Canal System

Work of Narmada Main Canal (NMC) from ch. 0 to 263 km is completed and water is released through this reach, which has enabled to take Narmada Water up to Kadi and beyond up to Malia and Vallabhipur through Saurashra Branch Canal.

There are 14 branch Canals offtaking through NMC between ch 263 to 458 km.

A high- power committee should be constituted to ensure proper rehabilitation and resettlement

Comprehensive plan for a rehabilitation programme to be formulated

Alternative plan:-

1. Dispersal of storage- integration of large and small: should be behind the dam; storage mainly having the function of a regulatory storage(dispersed local storages and their refilling serves as the main storage)

Recommendation

2. Integration of local and exogenous water:

Development of local water resources and their integration to allow for a extension of the service area to almost double the planned service area.

3. Dual role of small systems:

To allow small systems to act in their dual capacity, as means to harness local water resources and as receptacles and as dispersed storage elements of water from the large source

Recommendation

Feeder canals: Insteadof a large centralised `command area’ it needs a collection of dispersed `service areas’ built around local sources to which water in conveyed by `feeder canals’(large canals and their main function is speedy conveyance to the local storage systems)

Conditions of exogenous water use: to make exogenous water available on certain conditions to be fulfilled by the users and the state mutually in respect of equity and sustainability.

Narmada Management Authority to stop the engineering ,sanctions, approvals, tenders, contracts and funds for further increasing the height of the dam.

Thank You..!