NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the...

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

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AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account

How are the nitrogen standards reduced?

Ruth Grant

National Environmental Reseach InstituteAarhus University


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Content

1.Principles for N standard reduction

2.Basis for calculation

3.The annual calculation

4.Conclusion


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1. Principles for N standard reduction


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Background (Action Plan III, 2005)

› Decision taking place from 2005/06

› The economic optimum for nitrogen standards shall be set at a the crop yield, which would have been optained without restrictions in N use

› The nitrogen standards used by the farmers shall be reduced by minimim 10% relative to the economic optimum

› The nitrogen quota at the national level must not exceed the quota in 2003/04 (next slide)


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National nitrogen quotaThe nitrogen quota at the national level

= national nitrogen bag

› must not exceed the quota in 2003/04, adjusted for the crop rotation


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Implications

Nitrogen bag

N standardreduction

%

Crop rotation

Larger area with high N demanding crops

Heavier No change

Lager area withlow N demanding crops

Lighter No change

Agric. Area Decreases No change Lower

Increases No change Higher


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Problems to be addressed

1. In 2005 the EU subsidy payment changed to the single payment – increase in registered agricultural area (no change in actual area): adjustment needed

2. Action Plan III from 2005 had several area assignments – actual decrease in agricultural area: no effect on N bag and no effect of measures

3. In 2008 no longer set-aside obligations - actual increase in agricultural area: no effect on N bag


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Overall principle

› N bag adjusted each year based on› Crop rotation (step 1)› New area assigned for roads, buildings etc. (step 2)

› N standard reduction % calculated according to adjusted N bag (step 3) Two years of timelag relative to actual

agricutural area

2010/2011: 385 000 tons N

› N rate per ha: economic optimum for each crop reduced by N standard reduction % (step 4)


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2. Basis for calculation


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Basis - calculation of N bag for 2003/04

Area2004

1000 ha

Area2004

%

Nitrogen

standard

2004Kg N/ha

N quota

1000 tons

Winter wheat 600.1 24.3 165 107.0

Spring barley 574.7 23.3 121 18.2

Winter rape 120.5 4.9 156 16.8

Maize 129,3 5.2 157 20.2

Grass, permanent 183.4 7.4 89 16.4

…… …..

Total 2468.9 362.9


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Basis - calculation of N bag for 2003/04- adjusted for extra registered area in 2005

Area2004

1000 ha

Area2004

%

Nitrogen

standard

2004Kg N/ha

N quota

1000 tons

Winter wheat 600.1 24.3 165 107.0

Spring barley 574.7 23.3 121 18.2

Winter rape 120.5 4.9 156 16.8

Maize 129,3 5.2 157 20.2

Grass, permanent 183.4 7.4 89 16.4

Extra grass, perm. 68.3 52 3,6

…… …..

Total 2567.9 369.4


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3. The annual calculation


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AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N bag for 2010/11 (step 1):

- based on N rates in 2004 and crop rotaion in

2009,

adjusted to the area in 2004

Area2009

1000 ha

Area2009

%

Adjusted to 2004 area

1000 ha

Nitrogen

standard

2004Kg N/ha

N quota

1000 tons

Winter wheat 679.2 25.4 652.8 165 115.8

Spring barley 449.2 16.8 431,8 121 52.1

Winter rape 162.3 6.1 156.0 156 21.8

Maize 171.8 6.4 165,1 157 25.8

Grass, permanent 22.1 8.3 213,5 89 19.0

…… ….. ….. ……

Total 2671.7 2567.9 386.9


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Calculation of adjusted N bag in 2011 (step 2): - adjusted for area assigned for roads, etc.

› N quota in 2011 (step 1): 386 924 tons N

› Area in 2009: 2671 700 ha

› Average N standard: 144.8 kg N/ha

› Area assigned for roads etc: 10 000 ha

› Reduction in N quota (step 2): 1 448 tons N

› N bag in 2011: 385 476 tons N


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AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N standard reduction in 2011

(step 3)Area2009

1000 ha

N rate Econ.Opt.*

Kg N/ha

N quotaEcon.

Opt. **1000 tons

N quota90 %

1000 tons

N quota84.0 %

1000 tons

Winter wheat 679.2 180 129.0 116.1 108.4

Spring barley 449.2 127 60.9 54.8 51.1

Winter rape 162,3 218 31.4 28.3 26.4

Maize 171.8 181 31.1 28.0 26.1

Grass, permanent 22.1 85 18.8 16.9 15.8

…… …..

Total 2671.7 458.5 413.1 385.5

*) for loamy sand**) adjusted for soil type and residual effect


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Calculation of N rate for crops (step 4)

N rate Econ.Opt.*

Kg N/ha

N rate84.0 %

Kg N/ha

Winter wheat 180 151

Spring barley 127 107

Winter rape 218 183

Maize 181 152

Grass, permanent 85 71

…… …..

*) for loamy sand

The Plant Directorate publishes an announcement each year with updated N rates for each crop and 5 different soil types


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4. Conclusions


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N standard reduction obtained

› % reduction N bag (1000 tons)

› 2005/06 14,3 % 362 942

› 2006/07 14,4 % 362 942*

› 2007/08 15,0 % 362 942*

› 2008/09 14,5 % 368 543

› 2009/10 15,5 % 381 655

› 2010/11 16,0 % 385 476

* No corrections for larger registered agricultural area


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Effect of change in agric area

› tackled

› VMP III – reduction in agric. area› Roads, buildings, etc. √› Afforestation ÷› Wetlands, bufferzones ÷

› No Set- aside - increase in agric. area› 81000 ha in 2008› + 35 000 ha in 2009Increased norm reduction in 2010 and 2011, √but temporary increase in fertilser use in 2008 and 2009

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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the...

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