National Rural Livelihoods Mission Aajeevika

Restructuring of SGSY SGSY restructured as NRLM for the following

reasonsShortcomings experienced during implementation

of SGSYLarge scale initiatives of some states – A.P,

Kerala, Bihar, TN and experiences of N.G.OsSteering Committee constituted by the Planning

Commission for the 11th Plan – 2007Recommendations of Prof. Radhakrishna

Committee

Key lessons from Experiences

Even the poorest family can come out of abject poverty , in 6 - 8 years provided:

• They are organized, build and nurture own institutions, and, provided continuous handholding support

• able to access thrift and credit in repeat doses, for meeting varied priority requirements.

• External finance of Rs. 1.0 lakh per family required

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NRLM

Goal: Poverty elimination through social mobilization, institution building, financial inclusion and a portfolio of sustainable livelihoods.

VISION: Each poor family should have annual income of at least Rs.50,000 per annum

Task: To reach out to 7.0 crore rural poor households and stay engaged with them till they come out of abject poverty

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N.R.L.M - SOCIAL MOBILISATION

Organising the poor, Inclusion of the poorest, Institutions of poor and their social capital

drive all project initiativesScaling up by community best practitionersDedicated, professional, sensitive and

accountable support structure to initiate the process

Process intensive – hence phased approach5

N.R.L.M - financial inclusion

Financial inclusion at affordable cost holds the key

• Access to credit key to coming out of poverty.

• A minimum of Rs.1 lakh per family required, in several doses over a period of 5 – 6 years. Of this 90% has to come from financial institutions.

• This is the biggest constraint – as bank linkages not happening in most of the states

Strengthening Existing Livelihoods

Critical livelihoods are: agriculture, livestock, forestry and non-timber forest produce

Promote institutions around livelihoods

M.K.S.P – special projects

Promote end-to-end solutions, covering the entire value chain

Key – knowledge dissemination. Development of community professionals in a large number

Skill Development and Placement

• Short-term placement linked, market driven training for 6 to 12 weeks to rural poor youth between the age of 18-35

• Implemented through private companies or NGOs. They are responsible for: skilling, placement, and post-placement tracking ( 1 – year)

• Up-scaling Skill development and placement through public-private partnerships – 1.0 crore youth over a period of 7 years

• Special initiatives for J&K, IAP Districts (78), Minority concentrated districts and North East

• Challenges – state missions need to gear up, and, at Ministry level – reforms in appraisal, monitoring

Rural Self Employment Training Institutes

• 526 RSETIs have started functioning• Each RSETI will train 750 youth / year and

enable them to start their enterprises• RSETIs graded, based on multiple criteria

( state wise lists distributed to State RD Secretaries)

• MoU with N.A.R for capacity building

• Challenges: quality of RSETIs, linkages with D.R.D.A s, credit linkages for trainees

Transition from SGSY to NRLM

Basic requirement for states:• Setting up of a State Society or using an existing

society

• Appointment of a full time CEO

• Recruitment of professionals at SPMU and approval for recruitment in the first phase districts/blocks

• Preparation of AAP/SPIP

Progress -NRLMApproval for rolling out of NRLM – 26 states/UT

All States, except J&K, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Daman and Diu, Andman and Nickobar Island, Laksdweep and Dadra & Nagar Haveli

• Appointment of fulltime Mission Director- 16 States(Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Bihar, Jharkhand, MP, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tripura, Mizoram, Puducherry)

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Progress- NRLM• Recruitment of SMMU core team -13 States

(AP, Bihar, TN, Odisha, Kerala, Assam, Jharkhand, MP , Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tripura)

• Preparation and submission of AAP -23 states(J&K, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Odisha, MP, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, TN, AP, Assam, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, Nagaland, HP, Pudducherry)

• Approval of AAP-10 States (AP, Bihar, TN, Odisha, Kerala, Assam, Jharkhand, ,

Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, MP)

Implementation of NRLMFor implementation of NRLM two approaches will

be followed(i)Intensive approach in selected blocks/districts(ii)Non- Intensive approach in remaining

blocks/districts• The implementation will be in phases• After 8 years all the blocks will be under

intensive approach

Phasing strategy under NRLMYear Districts Blocks

Phase I 1 - 2 150 600

Phase II 3 - 4 150 1500

Phase III 5 - 6 300 + ( all balance districts) 2100

Phase IV 7 - 8 ( all districts would have been covered by phase III)

1800 + ( all balance blocks)

Intensive approachWhat is intensive block?• NRLM implementation in an intensified manner• Dedicated 5 – 6 project staff• Support system at District & State level with a team of domain experts• Entitlement of Rs.300 lakh Community Investment Support per Block• Saturation approach

– 100% coverage of poor into S.H.G s– External C.R.P s for inducing the process– Creation of large pool of social capital– Food security, social security– Inclusion of most vulnerable

Expected Outcomes of Intensive Block• All poor and poorest are covered under SHGs• All SHGs switch over to ‘panchasutras’• All SHGs are federated at Village level• Availability of Trained social capital• Cadre of para professionals functioning as part of internal

sensitive support system• Self managed institutions of Poor at village, cluster/block

level• Poor HHs access multiple doses of investments• Creation of sustainable livelihoods• Enhancement of HH level incomes• Internal C.R.P s

Non- Intensive blocks - approach• Lean project staff at Block and district level• Focus on few activities in the block• Improving the quality of S.H.G s• Effective utilization of Revolving fund, • Promoting Bank linkages

Capacity building in non-intensive blocks

 

SRLM hires a resource N.G.O, or, SIRD

In turn N.G.O/ SIRD hires 15 – 20 State resource

persons, and guides D.R.D.A s

Each DRDA hires a resource N.G.O or 5 DRPs,

SRLM trains the DRPs

In each district 1 block is adopted initially for

intensive capacity building

Flow of Activities in the Non-Intensive blocks

• Block divided into 4 clusters, and a 4 – 5 member team of E.Os or N.G.O resource persons

• Block team trained by the SRPs in social mobilization, institution building and C.R.P strategy

• This team and the resource N.G.O identify internal Community Resource Persons (C.R.Ps) and Capacity building resource professionals (CBRPs), within the block or within the district

• C.R.P teams and the CBRPs are given intensive training by DRPs- 4 weeks training for CBRPs and about 2 weeks training for CRPs

Flow of Activities in the Non-Intensive blocks

• Work starts in the block - C.R.P team spends 15 days in a village. The CBRP also stays in the village and follow up the work of CRP

• The C.R.P strategy is implemented for 2 years without interruption – by which team all the villages would have been covered.

• PRI reps, Bank managers, youth also get trained/exposed to best practices

• Bank mitra strategy introduced for effective bank linkages

• In each village, S.H.G book keepers are identified and trained by the CBRPs

Flow of Activities in the Non-Intensive blocks

• A forum of S.H.G s is formed and sub-committee system (bank linkage) is also introduced for working on SHG Bank linkages

• Community Based Recovery Mechanism (C.B.R.M) is operationalized

• Focus will be on building good quality S.H.G s and fostering S.H.G – bank linkages

• The district team will run several campaigns in this block for sensitizing the S.H.Gs to various social issues and building their capacities around livelihoods

Non-intensive blocks - Activities during Expansion Phase

• After 6 months of commencement of work in the 1st block, another 3 blocks are selected and the same process is repeated

• After 6 months, the balance blocks in the district are covered

• This will ensure that all S.H.G s in the district are trained and they are able to access bank loans without much trouble

Non-intensive blocks - Financial inclusion

• Build relationship with Banks• Give banks annual S.H.G – bank linkage

targets• Provide assurance to them on repayment • Continuous training and orientation of

bankers• Take ex-bankers as ‘Relationship managers’

Livelihoods and other initiatives

• Each district to identify its best livelihoods initiatives on ground working for more than 3 years – N.G.Os and C.B.Os

• Prepare a project for consolidation, deepening and horizontal expansion ( a 3 – 5 year plan)

• Sustainability plan to be an integral part of the project

• Empanel livelihoods resource organizations to help districts. Plans appraised at state level, with the help of experts and sanctioned

Micro enterprise development

• RSETIs – unique opportunity to train and nurture micro enterprises

• Take the support of EDI and other organizations working on micro enterprises

Skills and placement

• Effective monitoring of ongoing skills and placement projects

• Identify one A.P.O exclusively for skills and placement

• Youth counselling – one block as resource centre

• Post placement monitoring

Success StoriesCMSA- Andhra Pradesh

Convergence under NRLM/SGSY- Wayanad, Kerala

Bank mitra – Bihar and A.P

SHG Net working – West Bengal

Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture (CMSA)-SERP

• CMSA is meant to support poor farmers to adopt sustainable agriculture practices

• It reduces costs of cultivation and increase net incomes to improve and sustain agriculture based livelihoods

• 28 lakh Acres during Khariff 2011-12 were under CMSA benefitting 11.79 lakh farmers in 8556 villages in 553 mandals of 22 districts

CMSA- AGRICULTURE AS VIABLE LIVELIHOODS

Community managed sustainable agriculture holds immense promise

A family can secure additional annual incomes of Rs.50,000 with 0.5 – 1.0 acre of land ( 0.25 to 0.50 acre irrigated + 0.50 to 0.75 acre rainfed lands )

Natural farming, multi layer, poly crop models for food security and sustainable livelihoods

Convergence with MG NREGS to improve soil and moisture conservation, and, soil fertility

Historical Backdrop of the Initiation Wayanad• The District faced agrarian crisis due to severe drought

experienced 2001-2004 – Fall in the price of Plantation crops – Coffee, Cardamom,

Pepper.– Fall in agricultural Productivity • 83% of People Depends Agriculture for livelihood.• Alternative income generation schemes envisaged

under SGSY and enquire the possibilities of convergence with other development schemes

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• Ponds constructed under MGNREGA spending an amount of Rs.3 Lakhs

• Employment was given to 45 ST wage seekers while digging the pond

• Pisciculture Unit at Panamaram Grama Panchayath in Mananthavady Block Panchayath

• A Self Help Group-Athira SHG-was formed consisting 10 members

• In one Pond fingerlings are reared and in another pond fishes are reared.

• The main source of income is selling fingerlings-

• Co-operative Bank Panamaram sanctioned Rs.1 Lakh as loan and Rs.1 lakh as subsidy under SGSY.

• In one pond fingerlings are reared and in another pond fishes are reared.

• The unit is making Rs.35000/- every monthThey are regularly repaying bank loan.

Convergence with the Nutrition Programme of Social Welfare Department

• A Nutrimix Making Unit was formed at Vellamunda Panchayath to produce packed nutrition food

• An Agreement with Director, Social Welfare Department to purchase all the finished products to supply Anganvadi Children.

• Bank , sanctioned a loan amount of Rs.6,90,000/- and Rs.11000/- has been sanctioned as subsidy

• 11 Members are working in the unit and 3 of them belongs to Minority Communities

• On an average they earn Rs.64,000/- as income per month

They have an assured market since Social Welfare department will purchase all the final products

• In Service Sector, Auto Rickshaws given to 8 women drivers in Edavaka Gram Panchayath.

• Out of the 8, 5 members belongs to Minority communiteis

• Given training in Driving with the help of AMRIT-(Ambedkar Memorial Rural Institute for Training) a Tribal Co-operative Society

• Rs. 11,29,600/- as loan and Rs.80,000/- as subsidy given

• Each member earn Rs.500/-per day as income.

Bank Mitra Scheme• Bank Mitras are community members, positioned as

customer relationship managers in rural bank branches • Bank Mitras are provided space and computers in the

bank branches and trained managing documentation for opening accounts loan applications etc.

• Bank Mitras support rural SHG women in banking transactions and they are also an asset for the under staffed rural branches.

• It improves quality of banking services for the rural poor

• The scheme is successfully implemented in AP & Bihar

Networking of SHGs- West Bengal Initiative

• Objective- Strengthening of SHG movement, providing benefits of various programme, empowerment of rural poor

• Four tiers of SHG based institutions– Starts from SHG– Up – Sangha at Gram Sansad ( VO)– Sangha at GP level– Mahasangha at Block level

Achievements• 10 block level federations running MFI/CFI for

providing credit to SHGs

• 4 BLF & 4 GP level federations manufacturing sanitary napkins to be supplied under NRHM

• BLF & GPLF cooking midday meal in schools supply to ICDS, supply of cooked diet to rural hospitals