• Henry Clay’s plan to Henry Clay’s plan to make economy self-make economy self-sufficientsufficient

• Protective tariffProtective tariff– Protect American Protect American

business from foreign business from foreign competitioncompetition

• National bankNational bank– Promote a single national Promote a single national

currencycurrency• Internal improvementsInternal improvements

– Gov’t funded projectsGov’t funded projects– Focus on the Focus on the

transportationtransportation

1825 – 1850: often referred to as the

Age of Canals

Allowed farmers in these regions to flow east & people/manufactured

goods to go west

By 1830, N.Y.C. had a population of over 200,000

Railroads & Railroads & ExpansionExpansion• Development

began in the 1830’s

• First locomotive built in 1830

• 3,000 miles of railroad in 1840

• 31,000 miles of railroad by 1860

• Important for industrialization & urbanization

Top Urban Places: 1830  1 New York city, NY .....202, 589 2 Baltimore city, MD..... 80,620 3 Philadelphia city, PA . 80,462 4 Boston city, MA ....... 61,3925 New Orleans city, LA .. 46,082 6 Charleston city, SC.... 30,289 8 Cincinnati city, OH.... 24,831 9 Albany city, NY........ 24,209  11 Washington city, DC ...18,826 12 Providence town, RI ... 16,833 13 Richmond city, VA...... 16,060 17 Pittsburgh city, PA ... 12,568 18 Brooklyn town, NY .....12,406  22 Louisville city, KY.. 10,341 27 Buffalo town, NY .... 8,668  37 Savannah city, GA.... 7,303  43 Lowell town, MA...... 6,47446 Cambridge town, MA... 6,072 (Suburb of Boston)48 Lexington town, KY... 6,02650 Nashville city, TN... 5,566 57 St. Louis city, MO... 4,977

Top Urban Places: 1930  1 New York city, NY ...... 6,930,4462 Chicago city, IL......... 3,376,438 3 Philadelphia city, PA.... 1,950,961 4 Detroit city, MI......... 1,568,662 5 Los Angeles city, CA..... 1,238,048 6 Cleveland city, OH....... 900,429 7 St. Louis city, MO....... 821,960 8 Baltimore city, MD....... 804,874 9 Boston city, MA.......... 781,188 10 Pittsburgh city, PA...... 669,817

11 San Francisco city, CA... 34,394 12 Milwaukee city, WI....... 578,249 13 Buffalo city, NY......... 573,076 14 Washington city, DC...... 486,869 15 Minneapolis city, MN..... 464,356 16 New Orleans city, LA..... 458,762 17 Cincinnati city, OH...... 451,160 18 Newark city, NJ.......... 442,337 19 Kansas City city, MO..... 399,746

20 Seattle city, WA......... 365,583 21 Indianapolis city, IN.... 364,161 22 Rochester city, NY....... 328,132 23 Jersey City city, NJ..... 316,715 24 Louisville city, KY...... 307,745 25 Portland city, OR........ 301,815

• Federalists are almost nonexistent

• President Monroe toured the country while President’s Mansion was being rebuilt– Not done since George

Washington and his visits were celebrated

• Political differences fade away– Nationalism spread– More trust in the federal

government

Adams-Onís Treaty

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams successfully negotiated terms

Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Seminole raids in American territory

Jackson seized Spanish forts & created international issues

Stopped war & gave U.S. all of Florida & set boundary of TX