Natural Gas Processing -IntroductionDr. Stathis Skouras, Gas Processing and LNG
RDI Centre Trondheim, Statoil, Norway
Schedule
Tuesday 7/11/2017, 9:45 – 12:30
• Lecture 1: Introduction to Natural Gas
• Lectures 2 & 3: Natural Gas Processing
Thursday 9/11/2017, 11:45 – 13:30
• Lecture 4 – Natural Gas Processing
• Lecture 5 – Low Carbon technologies
• Kahoot quiz
2
Outline
Introduction
• Statoil
• Oil and Gas production
• What is Natural Gas
• Basic terminology
• The concept of “Gas Value Chain”
• Basic phase behaviour
3
11 -
Production from a typical gas-condensate well
• Gas and condensate/oil (multiphase flow)
• Water
− Water dissolved in hydrocarbon fluid
from the reservoir
− Produced water from the reservoir (free
water phase)
• Sand (should be removed)
• Inert gasses like Nitrogen and Argon
• Sour gases like H2S and CO2
• Heavy metals
− Mercury
• Salts (reservoir brine)
− Mainly NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, BaCl2
Transport from well to platform…
• Temperature reduces due to heat loss
from fluid to sea water
• Pressure drop due to friction
• Flow assurance issues (make things flow)
• Liquid drop out
− Water (from soluble water in the gas)
− Hydrocarbons (that condense)
− Injected chemicals for flow assurance
• Salt precipitation/scale
What is natural gas?
• Mixture of light hydrocarbons
• Mainly methane, ethane, propane and butanes
• Small amounts of pentane (C5) and heavier
components (C6+)
• Acid/sour gases such as CO2 and H2S
• Inerts such as nitrogen (N2)
• Water (vapour)
• Trace components such as mercury (Hg) and
sulphur compounds (S)
13
• 1 Sm3 = 1 m3 @ 15°C and 1 atm
• 1 Sm3 ≈ 770 gr
• Price ≈ 0.20 €/Sm3 (EU)
Natural Gas Terminology
• Rich Gas: Rich in heavy components.
Further processing required
• Sales gas (dry gas): Ready for sale to
the market
• Liquified Natural Gas (LNG): -162°C @
1 bar
• Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): Ethane and
heavier HC (C2+)
• Naphtha: Rest of the NGL (C5+)
• Condensate: Heavier liquids from
integrated gas/oil production (C6+)
15
C1 Methane
C2 Ethane
C3 Propane
IC4 Isobutane
C5+ Naphtha
C6+ Condensate
NC4 Normal butane
LNG: Liquefied
Natural Gas
(-162°C@ 1 atm)
NGL: Natural Gas Liquids
Sales gas/dry gas
LPG: Liquid
Petroleum
Gases
Terminology
Non-HC: N2, CO2, H2S, H2O
16
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)Pipeline gas
Natural gas transport
Pressure: 250 - 50 bar
Temperature: ambient temperature
17
Pressure: atmospheric
Temperature: -162°C (at boiling point)
• 8 000km of pipelines
• Production fields (offshore Norway)
• Transportation pipelines
− Rich gas
− Sales gas
− Oil/Condensate
• Gas processing plants (onshore Norway)
• Receiving terminals (continental Europe)
Norwegian Gas Transport Network
18
Gas Value Chain
Offshore processesSubsurface
(reservoir, production
and wells, flow
assurance)
Gas Processing
(processing, extracting high added value products)Downstream
Onshore processes
Subsea and wells
Receiving terminals
19
Topside Facilities
(processing, prepare
for transport)
Midstream
Upstream
Upstream
Storage, Metering and Distribution
21
Presenters name: Dr. Stathis Skouras
Presenters title: Principal Researcher
[email protected], tel: +47 97 69 59 62
www.statoil.com
Thank you