04-03-2012 1 Aravin Prince Periyasamy Dept of Textiles, DKTE TEI, Ichalkaranji, MH, India [email protected]1 Abstract…. As a famous Scandinavian economist said, “It is very dangerous to make predictions, particularly about the future!” It is in this sprit that the predictions are made. New science can produce products beyond our present perceptions. Such innovations are discussed in this paper, citing those are Bio-Degradable and High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber . Now research and development make fibers were used in high tech applications namely, Medical Textiles, Industrial Textiles, In Defense Textiles, Advance Composites, Power Saving And Etc. 2 Introduction From the year 1985 onwards textile research was switched over in the direction of developing new fibers especially Hi-Performance fiber and bio degradable to meet the challenges. With the invent of Hi- Performance fiber and bio degradable fibers the spectrum of application of fibers and textile materials were substantially widened. High-Technology namely new fibers and can be split into two categories viz. - High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber and - Bio- Degradable Fibers 3 High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber 4
Transcript
04-03-2012
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Aravin Prince Periyasamy Dept of Textiles, DKTE TEI, Ichalkaranji, MH, India
As a famous Scandinavian economist said, “It is very dangerous to make predictions, particularly about the future!”
It is in this sprit that the predictions are made.
New science can produce products beyond our present perceptions. Such innovations are discussed in this paper, citing those are Bio-Degradable and High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber .
Now research and development make fibers were used in high tech applications namely, Medical Textiles, Industrial Textiles, In Defense Textiles, Advance Composites, Power Saving And Etc.
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Introduction
From the year 1985 onwards textile research was
switched over in the direction of developing new fibers
especially Hi-Performance fiber and bio degradable
to meet the challenges.
With the invent of Hi- Performance fiber and bio
degradable fibers the spectrum of application of fibers
and textile materials were substantially widened.
High-Technology namely new fibers and can be split into
two categories viz.
- High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber
and
- Bio- Degradable Fibers
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High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber
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Ceramic Fibers
Ceramic fibers are mostly used as refractory fibers
in uses over 1000°C .
ceramic fibers are mostly used for thermal
insulation at high temperatures and to make
special composites.
They are very expensive fibers because only a
small quantity is produced, and they are used in
particular fields such as aerospace Materials used
are boron, silica, carbide, alumina, and zirconia
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Melamine
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 50% by weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer.
Fiber is primarily known for its inherent thermal resistance and outstanding heat blocking capability in direct flame applications.
It is used to designed for direct flame contact and elevated temperature exposures.
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Super Absorbent Fiber
In last few years, super absorbents in fiber from have become a
commercial reality.
Most recently the potential to benefit from their outstanding
properties in a wide range of medical products have been
recognized. The product is marketed as „OASIS‟.
This is due to the small diameter of the fibers, which is about 30
microns, which gives a very high surface area for contact with
the liquid.
The above features that may be required for use in medical
product can be build up into nonwoven containing super
absorbent fibers
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Bicomponent Fiber
Bi-component fiber
structure
Recently designed a
bicomponent spin pack Bi-
Component Fiber that
resulted in spinning a very
unusual fiber.
This fiber is a type of island-
in-the-sea.
This type of fiber should be
ideal for filtration
applications both in woven
and nonwoven construction. 8
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Nano Fibers
Electro spinning: nano
fiber production technique When referring to fibers,
“Nano” refers to the
diameter of the fiber .
Electro spinning is
common way to produce
nano fibers.
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Spectra Fiber 1000: - High-strength,
Lightweight Polyethylene Fiber
Tensile strength of spectra
fiber
Spectra® fiber is, pound-
for-pound, 10 times
stronger than steel, that is
40 percent greater than
aramid fiber.
It is used in Police and
military ballistic vests and
helmets, armor for vehicles
and aircraft, Marine lines.
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Louts Like Fabrics Super Micro Fibers
Lotus leaves are water repellent and hence,
water rolls off like mercury.
This is because the contact angle of water is
large and the leaves are covered by wax like
substance.
These water repellent fibers are used in the
production of outdoor sports wear general
clothing industrial fabrics tents etc. 11
Butterfly Like Fabrics
Change in color according to the natural
environment is exhibited by many kinds of
insects.
In case of morpho structure fibers which copy
insect, highly twisted fibers of flat cross section
with 80-120 TPI obtained by thermal processing.
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Super Polyethylene Fiber
DSM (Netherlands) developed very high tenacity high
modulus polyethylene fiber even higher than Kevlar
with the help of gel spinning technique.
The method involves both spinning and drawing in
which is a dilute solutions of high molecular weight
is extruded into water to form a gel like soft fiber.
Which is then heated and drawn out about 30 times
in original length.
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Micro Fiber
Micro denotes man – made fibers which are finer
than any conventional fiber First used in functional
sportswear.
Micro fibers are usually made of polyester,
polyamide or acrylic – with liters in the range of 0.5
to 1.2 dtex (1dtex, meaning that one gram of fiber is
10,000 meters long).
Microfibers clothing is not sensitive retaining its
positive qualities after washing our cleaning.
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Power Fibers
Heat – regenerating fibers are produced form ceramic
composites by applying heat insulation processing
technology which utilizes the far intra – red radiations
effect of ceramics when heated, ceramics radiation far
infra – red radiation which penetrates into the material
and heats it homogeneously by activating molecular
motion zirconium, magnesium oxide or iron oxide can
be blended into synthetic fibers because these
materials radiate Ca 60 MW far infracted of
wavelengths 8-14 m at a body.
. The insulating efficiency plays vital role to suppress
the consumption of oxygen stored in muscles.
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Perfumed Fibers
The perfumed fiber Esprit De Fleurs produced by
kanebo was First exhibited in 1987.
It is made up of fibers to which resin – made
microcapsules of 5-10m in diameter containing
perfume essence are bound when the
microcapsules are pressed and broken, the perfume
is released.
The Esprit de fibers can be used in scarves, T-
shirts, handkerchiefs, hand knitting wools, stocking etc. 16
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Mirror Fibers
It is high performance mirror in the shape of
hair like flexible fiber.
Its applications may include fabrics with
embedded „bar codes‟ that identify the wearer
potentially useful into battle suits.
These fibers could also be used as filters for
Telecommunications applications.
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Bio- Degradable Fibers
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Alginate Fibers
Alginate in one form or another is used in the
food industry, pharmaceuticals and textiles.
Alginate name come from „algin‟.
The unique properties of alginate and its
derivatives have found applications where
thickening, suspending, emulsifying, and
stabilizing and gel formation is required.
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Collagen Fibers
Collagen is a protein fiber obtained from bovine
skin. It consists of there polypeptide chains
arranged in triple chain helix.
These triple- chain helixes Assembles in to micro
fibrils and then fibrils.
Collagen has an excellent biocompatibility which
makes it a popular choice as a major component of
artificial issue and would dressing.
Collagen products such as sutures can readily be
accepted by body because of their low
immunogenicity
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Bacterial Cellulose
• Bacteria produce cellulose called bio- cellulose or
bacterial cellulose. Plant cellulose and bacterial
cellulose have the same chemical structure, but
different chemical and physical properties.
This bacterial strain produces a gel like material
containing fine cellulose fiber, which is too thin.
It is used as an artificial blood vessel for
microsurgery. Also used to make artificial leather ,
skin substitute and wound healing bandages
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Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
PLA minimizes environmental waste, as it may be
fully biodegraded by microorganisms under
appropriate conditions into carbon dioxide and
water.
Biodegradable synthetic fibers and natural
biological fiber may be used to make textiles for
medical application.
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Bacterial Polyester
More than 100 bacterial species are known to be polyester producing,
which includes alcaligences species Bacterial polyesters
poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB).
Advantages include production from fully renewable resources,
rather fast and complete biodegradability, biocompatibility, and
excellent strength and stiffness, which favor this material as a
polymer of the future, bacillus species, photosynthetic bacteria and
blue green algae.
Poly (hydroxybutyrate) fibers were considered to be mainly used for
production of scaffolds, surgical sutures, repair the bone fracture and
etc
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Synthetic Silk
Now silkworms can be produce finer and
longer silk than nylon using biotechnology.
The national institute of sericulture and
entomological science Japan has succeeded
in breeding a new type of silkworms that can
produce a fine homogeneous silk filament of
about 1500 meters in length
It is used for medical applications, such as
sutures & etc.
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Chitosan Fibers
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is
derived from chitin.
Properties are useful for wound treatment and
it also used as excellent material for healing
wounds.
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Spider Silk
As the fluid oozes out, the protein molecules are
aligned in such a way spider silk may form.
The spider hauls out the silk with its legs, stretching,
fluffing it up or changing it in other ways to suit the
purpose at hand.
Spider silk is up to 5 times stronger than steel of the
same diameter.
Spider silk is so elastic that it doesn't break even if
stretched 2-4 times its length. Spider silk is also
waterproof, and doesn't break at temperatures as low
as -40C. 26
Spider Silk
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Conclusion
The high-tech fibers can be specific properties to make them useful as
industrial materials.
Application of these fibers in high technology area, including the
aero/space industry, the transportation industry , the marine industry
,the civil engineering and construction industry and the sports
industry ,medical textiles.
Now days, almost in all the fields‟ fibers are used.
Fibers can replace even metals, so enormous developments are done in
fiber field.
The bio- fibers are environmental friendly fibers so it has been more
demand in future.!
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“ Dreams Make Thoughts
Thoughts Make Things
Things Make Wonder ”
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References
1. High performance fibers, J.W.S.Hearle, Woodhead publishing company
2. High performance fibers and its applications- Aravin prince- Textile Magazine
Nov 08
3. New Millennium fibers, Tatsuya Hongu et al, 1st edition, Woodhead
