NREL Overviewto

Ammonia Conference

Dale Gardner

Associate Director, RenewableFuels Science & Technology

Oct 9, 2006

Golden, Colorado

2

INEELINEEL

NRELNRELLawrence BerkeleyLawrence Berkeley

Lawrence LivermoreLawrence Livermore

Los AlamosLos Alamos

SandiaSandia

Pacific NorthwestPacific Northwest

ArgonneArgonne BrookhavenBrookhaven

NETLNETL

Oak RidgeOak Ridge

Major DOE National Laboratories

! NNSA (Defense Program)! Office of Science

! Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy! Office of Nuclear Energy! Office of Fossil Energy

NREL is Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy byMidwest Research Institute and Battelle

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory• Only national laboratory dedicated to renewable energy and energy

efficiency R&D

• Research spans fundamental science to technology solutions

• Collaboration with industry and university partners is a hallmark

• We focus on research that is market relevant

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Str

ateg

ic E

ner

gy

An

alys

isIntegrated Energy System Engineering & Testing

Renewable Electricity Science & Technology Renewable Fuels

Science & Technology

Foundational Science

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NREL Funding, Staffing, Facilities

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Updated 3-17-2006

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Updated 3-17-2006

• Average funding ~ $200M over last severalyears

• Payroll staff ~ 900 (1,100+ on campus – postdocs, visiting researchers, students, interns,etc)

• Locations• Main Site (all but Wind)• Wind Site (15 miles north)• Leased Space

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Legal – D. Hagengruber

ESH&Q – F. Rukavina

Ombud – TBD

Customer Liaison – J. Harris

Strategic Partnerships – S. Bull

External Affairs – B. Noun

– Public Relations – K. Masson

Strategic

Development and

Analysis

B. Garrett

Renewable Electricity

Science &

Technology

S. Bull

Renewable Fuels

Science &

Technology

D. Gardner

Energy Sciences

R. Stults

Contracts &

Business

Services

Office

J. Hicks

Finance

Office

B. Stokes

Human

Resources

Office

O. Killough

Information

Services

Office

J. Deem

Site

Operations

Office

J. Shaffer

Security &

Emergency

Preparedness

Office

S. Budden

Program

Support

Office

D. Warner

Director

D. Arvizu

Deputy Lab Director

W. Glover

*Bolded titles indicate Executive Management Council

Strategic Analysis Center

D. Arent

Technology Applications

Center

B. Westby

Laboratory Development

Office

S. Hock

Technology Transfer

Office

G. Marguth

Chemical and

Biosciences Center

TBD

Materials Science Center

S. Deb

Scientific Computing

Center

S. Hammond

National Center for

Photovoltaics

L. Kazmerski

National Wind

Technology Center

R. Thresher

Buildings and Thermal

Systems Center

R. Judkoff

Electric Systems Center

TBD

National Bioenergy

Center

M. Pacheco

Hydrogen Technologies

and Systems Center

D. Gardner (acting)

Transportation

Technologies and

Systems Center

B. Goodman

Technology ManagersTechnology ManagersTechnology Managers

NREL National Advisory

Council

Research Fellows

Council

Systems Integration

TBD

4/13/2006

Legal – D. Hagengruber

ESH&Q – F. Rukavina

Ombud – TBD

Customer Liaison – J. Harris

Strategic Partnerships – S. Bull

External Affairs – B. Noun

– Public Relations – K. Masson

Strategic

Development and

Analysis

B. Garrett

Renewable Electricity

Science &

Technology

S. Bull

Renewable Fuels

Science &

Technology

D. Gardner

Energy Sciences

R. Stults

Contracts &

Business

Services

Office

J. Hicks

Finance

Office

B. Stokes

Human

Resources

Office

O. Killough

Information

Services

Office

J. Deem

Site

Operations

Office

J. Shaffer

Security &

Emergency

Preparedness

Office

S. Budden

Program

Support

Office

D. Warner

Director

D. Arvizu

Deputy Lab Director

W. Glover

*Bolded titles indicate Executive Management Council

Strategic Analysis Center

D. Arent

Technology Applications

Center

B. Westby

Laboratory Development

Office

S. Hock

Technology Transfer

Office

G. Marguth

Chemical and

Biosciences Center

TBD

Materials Science Center

S. Deb

Scientific Computing

Center

S. Hammond

National Center for

Photovoltaics

L. Kazmerski

National Wind

Technology Center

R. Thresher

Buildings and Thermal

Systems Center

R. Judkoff

Electric Systems Center

TBD

National Bioenergy

Center

M. Pacheco

Hydrogen Technologies

and Systems Center

D. Gardner (acting)

Transportation

Technologies and

Systems Center

B. Goodman

Technology ManagersTechnology ManagersTechnology Managers

NREL National Advisory

Council

Research Fellows

Council

Systems Integration

TBD

4/13/2006

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SOLAR

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Solar Energy Status

• Concentrating Solar Power

" 9 parabolic trough plants" 350 MW capacity" $.12-.14 / kWh

• Photovoltaics (PV)(aka solar cells)

"

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Solar Energy Outlook

• Cost goals:

" PV < $.10 / kWh by 2015" CSP = $.05 / kWh by 2012

• PV R&D Focus:

" Efficiency (current systemsat 15-20%)o 40% -- demonstrated in the labo > 50 - 60% -- new breakthroughs

" Manufacturabilityo Currently built like computer chipso Need “news print-like” capability

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2015 Target

Solar America Initiative

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WIND

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> 10,000 MW in 2006

> 2,000 MW

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Wind Energy Status (cont)• $.04 - .06 / kWh in best

regions (> 15 mph)

• > 7 GW installed

• Growing number of windfarms in midwest and west

• Increasing home andbusiness installations

• Policy

" Production Tax Credit

" State-led mandates

• Europe leading the way

" Large turbines (up to 5 MW)

" Off-Shore wind farms

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Wind Energy Outlook

Low Wind SpeedTurbine (LWST) goals

" 13 mph regions

" $.03 / kWh by 2012

Off-Shore Technologygoals

" Solve unique challengeso Corrosiono Stabilityo Hurricanes

" $.05 / kWh by 2012

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Hydrogen & Fuel Cells

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President’s Hydrogen FuelInitiative

• Originally announced in 2003, then restated as part of2006 Advanced Energy Initiative (AEI)

o $1.2B over FY04 – FY08

o “Make it practical and cost-effective for large numbers ofAmericans to choose to use clean, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by2020”

o “Reduce our oil demand by over 11 million barrels per day by2040 – approximately the same amount of crude oil Americaimports today”

• Budget $289M in FY07, and increase of $53M over FY06

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Major Program Goals for 2015

Production Onboard Storage Fuel Cells

•$2.00 - $3.00/gge(pathway

independent)

• 300 mile range • Cost - $35/kw• Durability –

5,000 hours

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HydrogenStatus

Working with industry to develop technologiesin quantities large enough, and at costs lowenough, to compete with traditional energysources.

Potential

• Technology Readiness by 2015

• Infrastructure in-place and FCVs in theshowrooms by 2020

NREL Research Thrusts

• Renewable hydrogen production, deliveryanalysis, storage, and manufacturing

• Fuel cell membranes and catalysts

• Safety, codes, and standards

• Demonstrations

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Biomass

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Biomass/Biofuels

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, National Biodiesel Board, Renewable Fuels Association

Ethanol

Corn ethanol

" ~ 100 commercial plants

" 4 billion gallons (2005)

" ~$1.35/gallon of gas equiv (gge)

Cellulosic ethanol

" No operational biorefineries

" Projected commercial cost ~$2.30/gge

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, National Biodiesel Board, Renewable Fuels Association

Biomass Status

Power

• Current largest biomass use

• Much of it at wood/pulp mills

Biodiesel

• From seed oils, greases, waste oils

• 120 million gallons (2005)

• Price varies widely, but competitivewith petro-diesel

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Ethanol Goals in Response to the AEI

"2012 Goal"Make cellulosic ethanol practicaland competitive within six years($1.07/gallon ethanol).

"2030 Goal"Replace 30% of ourcurrent gasolineconsumption withethanol(60 billion gallons).

38-50%

5-13%

23-32%15-25%

Lignin

OtherCellulose

(Glucose sugar)

Hemicellulose(Pentose sugars)

(“Young clean coal”)

Softwoods

Grasses

Hardwoods

Crop residues

Municipal

Solid Wastes

(Extractives, ash, etc.)

38-50%

5-13%

23-32%15-25%

Lignin

OtherCellulose

(Glucose sugar)

Hemicellulose(Pentose sugars)

(“Young clean coal”)

Softwoods

Grasses

Hardwoods

Crop residues

Municipal

Solid Wastes

(Extractives, ash, etc.)

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Reducing the Cost ofEthanol

$0.00

$1.00

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$6.00

2000 2005 2010

Min

imu

m E

tha

no

l S

ell

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Pri

ce

($

/ga

l)

State of Technology Estimates

Feed $53/ton

2005 Yield65 gal/ton

Feed $30/tonYield 90 gal/ton

Costs in 2002 Dollars

EnzymeConversionFeedstockPrior DOE Cost TargetsPresident's Initiative

Integrated large-scaleBC/TC processing

* Note: Basic feedstock considered in this analysis is corn stover, which is the most likely feedstocksource for reaching the 2012 cost goal. However, other cellulosic biomass feedstocks couldhave similar costs.

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A Scenario for Growth of Ethanol to Supply 30% of 2004 U.S.Gasoline Demand by 2030

Grain Ethanol and Vegetable Oil Biodiesel

Reaching 60 Billion Gallons of Biofuels by 2030

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Bil

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Grain Ethanol

Cellulosic Ethanol

2015 2025 203020202005 2010

44.8

12.8 *

* Note: This number could be higher. The National Corn Growers Association predicts that as much as 18 billion gal/yrcould be produced from grain. Major changes to land use, exports, etc could also have substantial impacts.Regardless, significant cellulosic ethanol will be required to meet the 2030 goal and future national needs.

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NREL Focus Areas

• Cellulosic ethanol

" Biochemical Conversionprocesses

" ThermochemicalConversion processes

• Biomass/biofuelsanalysis

• Industry partnerships

• Validation

• High-energy densitybiofuels

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Ammonia R&D at NREL

IR 100 (now R&D 100) Award in1982

• Dr. Tom Reed

• “Oxygen High-PressureGasifier”

• Downdraft gasifier at modularscale ( ~ 100 tons/day) for on-farm production of methanol(fuel) and ammonia (fertilizer)

N

H H

H

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