1. Nutrition And Health Aspects Of Chocolate Barana Rangana Department of Food Science & Technology University of Preadeniya SriLanka.

2. Kuna Indians Native population living on islands off the coast of Panama protected against; Age-dependent increase in blood pressure. Cardiovascular diseases. 3. Reason Not genetic Clearly environmental because this protection is lost on migration to urban Panama City Kunas consume enormous amounts of cocoa daily. * Fisher, et al. J Hypertens. 2005;23:1453-1459 4. Health Effects of Chocolate Cardiovascular protection Antioxidant Properties Platelet Function Antihypertensive Effects Increase Insulin sensitivity Effect on Blood Lipids Relationship with migraine Etc.. 5. How It Happen 6. How Make Chocolate 7. Macronutrients Fat Carbohydrate Protein Micronutrients Vitamins Minerals Flavanols (-)Epicatechin (+)Catechin Other Psychoactive Compounds Caffeine Theobromine 8. Other Psychoactive Compounds Cocoa and chocolate contain relatively low concentrations of caffeine but about ten times as much theobromine Stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS), cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle Relaxation of smooth muscle Caffeine Theobromine Theophylline 9. Flavonoids Group of polyphenolic compound Cocoa and chocolate products have the highest concentration of flavonoids. Over 10 percent of the weight of cocoa powder is flavonoids. Cocoa mainly have catechin, and epicatechin PBRC 2012 (+)catechin (-)epicatechin 10. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Chocolate Beans Green tea Apricots Red wine Black tea Cherries Peaches Blackberries Apples Cider 460 350 100 100 80 60 50 50 130 50 40 FLAVANOLSContent(Mg/KgOrMg/L) SOURCE Flavanols/Epicatechin Concentrations In Foods 11. Cardiovascular protection Cocoa flavanols have the potential to modify a number of processes involved cardiovascular disease Anti-platelet Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant actions Improving vascular endothelial functions 12. How Chocolate act as Antioxidant Catechins Scavenging activity of catechin 13. Antioxidant Actions Atherogenesis initiated by oxidation of the lipid in LDL termed as lipid per oxidation . Oxidized LDL Accumulate in extra cellular sub endothelial space. Catechin inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). As the oxidized form of LDL that leads to the buildup of fatty streak in arteries. 14. Corti R et al. Circulation 2009;119:1433-1441 Health-relevant effect of epicatechin PBRC 2012 15. Antiplatelet function It reduces the probability of clotting. Cocoa reduce adhesion molecules on the surface of the platelets Result: making the platelets less likely to adhere to other molecules in the bloodstream This is the same response that would be seen following intake of antiplatelet agents such as aspirin 16. Anti-inflammatory function production of inflammatory chemicals (cytokines) increases the risk of heart disease That chemicals cause hardening of the arteries and congestive heart failure Studies have shown that epicatechin and catechin molecules reduce inflammation cytokines. 17. Other Health Issues Prejudice Reason Truth Migraine large doses of tyramine only small quantity Obesity sugar * a lot of sugar # less sugar no correlation Acne no correlation between acne and chocolate proved Allergy allergy is rare (exception: traces of nuts) Addiction no evidence proved (only delight and desire) *cheap, mass-produced chocolate # dark chocolate (> 70%) 18. Aphrodisiac Properties Several effects on human sexuality Increasing sexual desire and improving sexual pleasure Phenyl ethylamine stimulate the hypothalamus Increase levels of two neurotransmitters. 19. Aphrodisiac Properties Eating chocolate gives an instant energy boost. Women are more susceptible to the effects of phenyl ethylamine and serotonin than men. 20. Conclusion Forms of chocolate that contain health benefits include unprocessed cocoa, cocoa powder, and dark chocolate. The more processed chocolate is the less healthy it is. The cocoa in chocolate contains components that lessen cholesterol, blood pressure, and therefore, lower chance of heart failure. Healthy components include flavonals, antioxidants, Lowering LDL, the bad cholesterol, and lowering blood pressure directly helps lower the chance of heart failure. Chocolate is healthy for you in moderation 21. THANK YOU!