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Genetic Engineering
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Genetic engineering
Has fewlimits;
except ourimagination,and ourmoral orethical code
Has thepotential to
alter life onEarth
Has thepower to
change whowe are
Example:Goat with
spider genesthat creates"silk" in itsmilk.
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History
1973
Herbert Boyer andStanley Cohen
combine theirresearch to createthe first successfulrecombinant DNAorganism
1974
Rudolf Jaenischcreates theworlds firsttransgenic animals
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History of Genetics: Genetic Engineering Timeline, Nov 12, 2009
1976
Genentech, the first genetic engineering company wasfounded
1978
Genentech announced the production of geneticallyengineered human insulin1982
After approval from the Food and Drug Administration, the
first genetically engineered drug hits the market
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Accounting Frameworks
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Accounting Frameworks
PAS 41 Biological Assets
ee for new Accouting stan arfor re orting
ee for legislations an
regulations
Patent Law for GeneticEngineering
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Ethical Frameworks
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Corporations have some fiduciary duties toother constituencies(Velasquez,2006)
Business
Investors
Shareholdrs
Employees
CommunityCustomers
Suppliers
Envmt.
Stakeholder Theory
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Six Pillars of Character
Trustworthiness
Honesty: Truth aboutgenetically made products.
Integrity: Honoring theircommitment to give goodservice.
Reliability: Products work as
intended. Loyalty: Loyalty to consumers,
community, and employeesfirst before the company.
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Six Pillars of Character
Respect: Respect to things that cannot betouched or manipulated. Responsibility:Being accountable to the end results of their
product. Being responsible to serve thecustomers of their needs.
Fairness: Leave some resources (natural) forcommunity use.
Caring: Being sensitive to what consumersthink about the products.
Citizenship: Adhering to business appliedlaws.
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Business
Trustworthiness
Respect
Responsibility
Fairness
Caring
Citizenship
DISC
LOSU
RES
Stakeholders
Disclosure
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Disclosure
Disclosure about
Safety of their product(certifications)
Processes done in theirproducts
The implications to the
community and theenvironment
Issues faced by theproducts (litigations)
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PROS
Improve nutritional value and rateof growth of crops
Better flavor of food
an slow down process of foodspoilage; greater shelf life
Increase seeds endurance to harshsoil and climatic conditions
an increase medicinal value
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PROS
Human genetic engineering can beused to manipulate certain traits ina individual
Can enhance positive traits
Can be used to obtain cure forcertain dreaded diseases
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CONS
Can hamper the nutritional value of foodwhile enhancing their taste and appearance.
Gene therapy in human beings can manifestcertain side effects
Can promote the diversity in human beingsItis a process of manipulating the nature
The speed with which science and technology
are advancing is far greater than the speedwith which societies can absorb the changesthey bring about.
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CONS
Risk of genetically altering bacteria so thatthey have a greater capacity to causedisease or resist treatmentRisk of thepossibility that certain infections, treatablewith present-day antibiotics, would bemade resistant to that therapy
Fragments of foreign DNA introduced into
bacteria may include other genes whichhas not yet been identified
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Major Ethical Concerns
InformedConsentTruthTelling
ResourceAllocation
Confidentiality
Sanctity of Life
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