Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii

Foreword xxvii

Foreword to the First Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix

Preface.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi

SECTION1

Foundation Issues

Sedion Editor:L. Michael Posey

1. Pharmacoeconomics: PrincipIes, Methods,and Applications &..........................Lisa A. Sanchez

2. Health Outcomes and Quality of Life 6). . . . . . . .. 3

Stephen Joel Coons

3. Evidence-BasedMedicine CID 5

Elaine Chiquette and L. Michael Posey

4. Documentation of Pharmacy Services & . . . . . . .. 7George E. MacKinnon, III and Neil /. MacKinnon

5. Clinical Pharmacokinetics

and Pharmacodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9

LarryA. Bauer

6. Pharmacogenetics 31Larisa H. Cavallari and Y. W. Prancis Lam

7. Pediatrics 47

Milap C. Nahata and Carol Taketomo

8. Geriatrics 57

Catherine 1. Starner, Shelly L. Gray, David R. P. Guay,Emily R. Hajjar, Steven M. Handler,

and Joseph T. Hanlon

9. Pharmacoepidemiology 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Andy Stergachis, Thomas K. Hazlet,and Denise Boudreau

10. ClinicalToxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69

PeterA. Chyka

\

11. Emergency Preparedness: Identification andManagement of BiologicalExposures (\) 91Colleen M. Terriff, Jason E. Brouillard,

Lisa T. Costanigro, and Jessica S. Gruber

12. Emergency Preparedness: Identificationand Management of Chemical andRadiological Exposures 93Greene Shepherd and Richard B. Schwartz

SECTION 2

Cardiovascular Disorders

SedionEditor:RobertL.Talbert

13. Cardiovascular Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Robert Chilton and RobertL. Talbert

14. Cardiopulmonary Arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

JeffreyP. Barletta and leffrey L. Wi/t

1 5. Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

loseph l. Saseen and Eric /. MacLaughlin

16. Heart Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Robert B. Parker, lo E. Rodgers, and Larisa H. Cavallari

1 7. Ischemic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Robert L. Talbert

18. Acute Coronary Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Sarah A. Spinler and Simon de Denus

19. The Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Cynthia A. Sanoski,Marieke Dekker Schoen,and lerry L. Bauman

20. Diastolic Heart Failure

and the Cardiomyopathies ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

lean M. Nappi and Robert L. Page, 1I

21. Venous Thromboembolism 331

Stuart T. Haines, Daniel M. Witt, and Edith A. Nutescu

22. Stroke 373

Susan C. Pagan and David C. Hess

\.9 Thecomplete chapter,learningobjectives,and other resourcescan be found at www.pharmacotherapyonline.com.

23. Hyperlipidemia 385Robert L. Talbert

24. Peripheral Arterial Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Barbaral. Hoeben and Robert L. Talbert

25. Use ofVasopressors and Inotropes

in the Pharmacotherapy of Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . .417Robert MacLaren, Maria 1. Rudis, and loseph F. Dasta

26. Hypovolemic Shock .441Brian L. Erstad

SECTION 3

RespiratoryDisordersSedion Editor: Robert L. Tolbert

27. Introduction to Pulmonary Function Testing. . . .455

lay 1. Peters and Stephanie M. Levine

28. Asthma 463

H. William Kelly and Christine A. Sorkness

29. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. . . . . . . .495

Dennis M. Williams and Sharya V. Bourdet

30. Pulmonary Hypertension . 519

Robert L. Talbert, Rebecca Boudreaux, and Rebecca L. Owens

31. Drug-Induced Pulmonary Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Hengameh H. Raissy,MichelleHarkins,and PatriciaL. Marshik

32. Cystic Fibrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Gary Milavetz

SECTION 4

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Sedion Editor: Joseph T. DiPiro

33. Evaluation of the Gastrointestinal Tract . . . . . . . .547Keith M. Olsen, Marie A. Chisholm, and Mark W. lackson

34. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Dianne B. Williams and Robert R. Schade

35. Peptic Ulcer Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

RosemaryR. Berardiand Lynda S. Welage

36. Inflammatory BowelDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Brian A. Hemstreet and loseph T. DiPiro

37. Nausea and Vomiting .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. 607

Cecily V. DiPiro

38. Diarrhea, Constipation, and IrritableBowel Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 617

William l. Spruill and William E. Wade

39. Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . .. 633

lulie M. Sease, Edward G. Timm,

and lames l. Stragand

40. Drug-Induced Liver Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 651

William R. Kirchain and Rondall E. Allen

41. Pancreatitis 659

Rosemary R. Berardi and Patricia A. Montgomery

42. ViralHepatitis. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . 675

Paulina Deming

43. Drug Therapy Individualization in Patientswith HepaticDiseaseor GeneticAlterationsin Drug Metabolizing Activity. . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. 693Y.W.FrancisLam

SECTION 5

Renal Disorders

SedionEditor:GaryR.Matzke

44. Quantification of Renal Function . . . . . . . . . . . .. 705

ThomasC.Dowling

45. Acute Renal Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 723

William DagerandAnneP.Spencer

46. Chronic Kidney Disease:

Progression-Modifying Therapies. . . . . . . . . . . .. 745

Melanie S. loy, Abhijit Kshirsagar,and Nora Franceschini

47. Chronic Kidney Disease:Management of Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 765

loanna Q. Hudson

48. Hemodialysisand PeritonealDialysis.. . . . . . .. 793Edward F. Foote and Harold l. Manley

49. Drug-Induced Kidney Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 795

Thomas D. Nolin and lonathan Himmelfarb

50. Glomerulonephritis 811Alan H. Lau

51. Drug Therapy Individualization forPatients with Renal Insufficiency. . . . . .. . . . .. .. 833

GaryR.Matzke andReginaldF.Frye

52. Disorders of Sodium and Water Homeostasis. .. 845

lames D. Coyleand Melanie S. loy

(.9 The complete chapter, learningobjectives,and other resourcescan be found at www.pharmacotherapyonline.com.

53. Disorders of Calcium and

Phosphorus Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 861

Amy BartonPai, Mark Rohrscheib,and Melanie S.Joy

54. Disorders of Potassium and

Magnesium Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 877

DonaldF. Brophyand Todd W. B. Gehr

55. Acid-Base Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 889

John W. Devlin, Gary R. Matzke, and Paul M. Palevsky

SECTION6

Neurologic OisordersSedionEditor:Barbaro C. Wel/s

56. Evaluation of Neurologic Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 909

Susan C. Fagan and Fenwick T. Nichols

57. Multiple Sclerosis 913

Jacquelyn L. Bainbridge and John R. Corboy

58. Epilepsy 927

Susan]. Rogersand JoseE. Cavazos

59. Status Epilepticus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953

Stephanie]. Phelps,CollinA. Hovinga,and JamesW. Wheless

60. AcuteManagement of the Brain Injury Patient . . .965

Bradley A. Boucher and Shelly D. Timmons

61. Parkinson' s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 977

Jack]. Chen, Merlin V. Nelson, and David M. Swope

62. Pain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989

Terry ]. Baumann and Jennifer Strickland

63. Headache Disorders . . . . . . . . . . .. 1005

Deborah S. Minor and Marion R. Wofford

SECTION7

Psychiatric OisordersSedionEditor:Barbaro C. Wel/s

64. Evaluation of Psychiatric Illness .. . . . . . . . . . .. 1021Patricia A. Marken, Mark E. Schneiderhan,and Stuart Munro

65. Childhood Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1029

Julie Ann Dopheide, Jane Tran Tesoro, and Michael Malkin

66. Eating Disorders. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 1041

Steven C. Stoner

67. Alzheimer' s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

Patricia W. Slattum, Russell H. Swerdlow,

and Angela Massey Hill

68. Substance-Related Disorders: Overview and

Depressants, Stimulants, and Hallucinogens. . . . 1067Paul L. Doering and Lisa A. Boothby

69. Substance- Related Disorders: Alcohol,

Nicotine, and Caffeine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083

Paul L. Doering, W. Klugh Kennedy, and LisaA. Boothby

70. Schizophrenia 1099

M. Lynn Crismon, Tami R. Argo, and Peter F. Buckley

71. Depressive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

ChristianJ. Teter, Judith C. Kando, Barbara G. Wells,

and Peggy E.Hayes

72. Bipolar Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Shannon]. Drayton and Benjamin L. Weinstein

73. Anxiety Disorders 1: Generalized Anxiety,Panic, and Social Anxiety Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 1161

Cynthia K. Kirkwoodand Sarah T. Melton

74. Anxiety Disorders 11:Posttraumatic Stress Disorderand Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . 1179

Cynthia K. Kirkwood, EugeneH. Makela,and Barbara G. Wells

75. Sleep Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

John M. Dopp and Bradley G. Phillips

76. Developmental Disabilities 1203

Nancy Brahm, Jerry McKee, and Robert C. Brown

SECTION 8

Endocrinologic OisordersSedion Editor: Robert L. Talbert

77. Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205

Curtis L. Triplitt, Charles A. Reasner, 1I, and William L. Isley

78. Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243

Steven 1. Sherman and Robert L. Talbert

79. Adrenal Gland Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265

JohnG.Gums and Shawn Anderson

80. Pituitary Gland Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281

Amy Heck Sheehan,JackA. Yanovski,and Karim Anton Calis

(9 The complete chapter, learningobjectives,and other resourcescan be found at www.pharmacotherapyonline.com.

SECTION 9

Gynecologic DisordersSection Editor: Barbara G. Wel/s

81. Pregnancy and Lactation:Therapeutic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297

Denise L. Walbrandt Pigarelli, Connie K. Kraus,and Beth E. Potter

82. Contraception 1313

Lori M. Dickerson, Sarah P. Shrader, and Vanessa A. Diaz

83. Menstruation-Related Disorders 1329

Elena M. Umland, Lara C. Weinstein, and Edward Buchanan

84. Endometriosis 1345

Deborah A. Sturpe

85. Hormone Therapy in Women .1351

Sophia N. Kalantaridou, SusanR. Davis, andKarim Anton Calis

SECTION 10

Urologic DisordersSection Editor: L. Michael Posey

86. Erectile Dysfunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369

Mary Lee

87. Management of BenignProstatic Hyperplasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387

Mary Lee

88. Urinary Incontinence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399

Eric S.Rovner, lean Wyman, ThomasLackner,and David Guay

SECTION 11

ImmunologicDisordersSection Editor: Gary e Yee

89. Function and Evaluation of the

Immune System . 1417

Philip D. Hall andNicoleA. Weimert

90. SystemicLupus Erythematosus and OtherCollagen-Vascular Diseases 1431

leffrey c. Delafuente and Kimberly A. Cappuzzo

91. Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug Reactions . . . . 1447

loseph T. DiPiro

92. Solid-Organ Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459

Kristine S. Schonder and Heather l. lohnson

SECTION 12

Rheumatologic Disorders

SectionEditor:L. Michael Posey

93. Osteoporosisand OtherMetabolicBone Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1483

Mary Beth Q'Connell and Sheryl P. Vondracek

94. Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1505

Arthur A. Schuna

95. Osteoarthritis 1519

Lucinda M. Buys and Mary Elizabeth Elliott

96. Gout and Hyperuricemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1539

Michael E. Ernst, Elizabeth C. Clark, and David W. Hawkins

SECTION 13

Ophthalmicand OtolaryngologicDisordersSection Editor: L. Michael Posey

97. Glaucoma 1551

Richard G. Piscella, Timothy S. Lesar, and Deepak P. Edward

98. AllergicRhinitis.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 1565

l. Russell May and Philip H. Smith

SECTION 14

Dermatologic Disorders

SectionEditor:L.Michael Posey

99. Dermatologic Drug Reactions andSelf- Treatable Skin Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1577

Nina H. Cheigh

100. Acne Vulgaris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1591

Dennis P. West, Amy Loyd, Kimberly A. Bauer, Lee E. West,

Laura Scuderi, and Giuseppe Micali

101. Psoriasis 1603

Dennis P. West, Amy Loyd, Lee E. West, Kimberly A. Bauer,

Maria Letizia Musumeci, and Giuseppe Micali

102. AtopicDermatitis. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 1619

Nina H. Cheigh

SECTION 15

Hematologic Disorders

SectionEditor:Garye Yee103. Hematopoiesis 1627

William P. Petros and Michael Craig

104. Anemias.. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1639

Beata A. Ineck, Barbara J. Mason, and Wi/liam L. Lyons

105. Coagulation Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1665

Betsy Bickert Poon and Char Witmer

106. Sickle Cell Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1685

c. Y. Jennifer Chan and Reginald H. Moore

107. Drug-Induced Hematologic Disorders . . . . . . .. 1701

Dale H. Whitby and Thomas E. Johns

SECTION 16

InfectiousDiseases

Section Editor:Joseph T. DiPiro

108. Laboratory Tests to DirectAntimicrobial Pharmacotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1715

Michael J. Rybak and Jeffrey R. Aeschlimann

109. Antimicrobial Regimen Selection . . . . . . . . . . .. 1731

David S. Burgess

110. Central Nervous System Infections. . . . . . . . . .. 1743

Isaac F. Mitropoulos, Elizabeth D. Hermsen,

Jeremy A. Schafer, and John C. Rotschafer

111. LowerRespiratory Tract Infections. . . . . . . . . .. 1761Mark L. Glover and Michael D. Reed

112. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. . . . . . . . . .. 1779

Yasmin Khaliq, SarahForgie,and GeorgeZhanel

113. Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1791

Elizabeth D. Hermsen and Mark E. Rupp

114. Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1801

Douglas N. Fish, Susan L. Pendland, and Larry H. Danziger

115. InfectiveEndocarditis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1821

Michael A. Crouch and Angie Veverka

116. Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1839

Charles A. Peloquin

117. Gastrointestinal Infections and . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1857

Enterotoxigenic Poisonings

Steven Martin and Rose Jung

118. Intraabdominal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1875

JosephT. DiPiroand Thomas R. Howdieshell

119. Parasitic Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1887

J. V. Anandan

120. Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis. . . . . .. 1899

Elizabeth A. Coyle and Randall A. Prince

121. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1915

Leroy C. Knodel

xi

122. Bone and Joint Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1933

Edward P. Armstrong and Allan D. Friedman

123. Sepsisand Septic Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943

S. Lena Kang-Birken and Joseph T. DiPiro

124. Superficial Fungal Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1957

Thomas E. R. Brown and Thomas W. F. Chin

125. Invasive Fungal Infections. .. .1973

Peggy L. Carver

126. Infections in Immunocompromised Patients . . .2003

Douglas N. Fish

127. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery . . . . . . . . .2027Salmaan Kanji and John W. Devlin

128. Vaccines, Toxoids, andOther Immunobiologics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2041

Mary S. Hayney

129. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection . . . .2065Peter L. Anderson, Thomas N. Kakuda,

and Courtney V. Fletcher

SECTION 17

Oncologic Disorders

SectionEditor:GaryC.Yee

130. CancerTreatmentand Chemotherapy.. . . . . . .2085Patrick J. Medina and Chris Fausel

131. Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2121

Laura Boehnke Michaud, Janet L. Espirito,and Francisco J. Esteva

132. Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2157Jeannine S. McCune and Deborah A. Frieze

133. Colo rectal Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2175

Patrick J. Medina, Weijing Sun, and Lisa E. Davis

1 34. Prostate Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207

Jill M. Kolesar

135. Lymphomas 2219

Val R. Adams and Gary C. Yee

136. Ovarian Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2245

Judith A. Smith and Judith K. Wolf

137. Acute Leukemias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2259

Helen L. Leather and Betsy Bickert Poon

138. Chronic Leukemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2281

Amy M. Pick, Marce/ Devetten, and Timothy R. McGuire

139. Multiple Myeloma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2295

Timothy R. McGuire

140. Myelodysplastic Syndromes 4) . . . . . o. . . . . . . o2309

Julianna A. Burzynski and TrevorMcKibbin

14 1. Skin Cancer. . . .. o o . . o . . o . o o . o o . o . . o . . o . o o . 2311

Rowena N. Schwartz and Lindsay Jo Corporon

142. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation . . o. .2331

Janelle B. Perkins and Gary C. Yee

SECTION 18

Nutrition Disorders

Sedion Editor: Cory RoMotzke

143. Assessment ofNutrition Status and

Nutrition Requirements . o. . o. . o. . . . . . . o. . o. 2349

KatherineHammond Chessmanand Vanessa/. Kumpf

144. Prevalence and Significance of Malnutrition . . o 2367

GordonSacksand CatherineM. Crill

145. Parenteral Nutrition . . o. . o. . o. . . . . oo. . . . . o. 2379

Todd W. Mattox and Pamela DoReiter

146. Enteral Nutrition. o. . o. . o. . o. . o. . oo. . o. . o.. 2399

VanessaJoKumpf and KatherineHammond Chessman

147. Nutritional Considerations in MajorOrgan Failure o. oo. . . . . o . oo. . . . . . . . . o . . o. . o 2417

Brian Mo Hodges and Mark DeLegge

148. Obesity o. . o . . . . . o . . oo. . . . . o. oo. . o. . o . . . o. 2437

John Vo Sto Peter and Charles Jo Billington

Glossary . . . . o. oo. . . . . . . . oo. . . . . o. . o. . . . . . o. ooo. 2455

Index o o. . o. . . . . . . ooo. . o. . o. . o. . . . . oo. . oo.. 2481