Operational Policies and Training?

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Pilot training/qualification

Pilot training/qualification

Operational policies/procedures

Operational policies/procedures

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Sco

pe o

f O

pera

tions

1960’s Timeframe 2000’s

Crew Coordination, Problem Solving, and Manual Handling Skills

Changing Skills!

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

NormalBasic/

ContingencyNormal

Advanced Normal

Advanced

Knowledge and Skills re

quired

have Increased NOT Decreased

Operational Policy

EnvironmentWeather / Terrain / Infrastructure / ATCIFR / VFR

Emphasis on crew communication and crosscheck (e.g., verbalize, verify, monitor)

Compliance with SOPs has been emphasised

… but pilots don’t always follow•Operational match•Workload•Too prescriptive•Pay-off

Type of OperationLong / Short HaulMixed FleetHistory / CulturePilot Experience

Not about name (FCU, MCP)Philosophy and Policy

Focus on the TASK not the automation

Policy consistent with training and practice (#1)

Meaning / Terms / Guidelines / Policy + Procedures (#3)

Reflect Operator / Integral / Dynamic (Review) / Manufacturer / Training

Guidance: Selection to drive F’PathControl: Who/what is controlling

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

X-Checking?

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Guidance and Control –

Crew Workload Greater

Crew Workload Less

Manual flight without FD guidance

Manual flight with FD guidance

Autoflight with FCU

MANAGED

Automation Pyramid

?Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Guidance and Control – Levels

Basic

Aircraft reaction time

Interaction time

FMS

“HEAD DOWN”LONG INTERACTION LONG TERM ACTION

“HEAD UP”SHORT INTERACTION SHORT TERM ACTION

FCU/MCP

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Pilot Vulnerability

9Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Captain Simon Henderson

Virgin Australia

simon.henderson@virgin australia.com

FCL Briefing APR 2014

CASA FOI Briefing 2 May 2012Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Finding 11 - Pilot Knowledge and Skills for Flight Path Management

Pilots sometimes lack sufficient or in-depth knowledge and skills to most efficiently and effectively accomplish the desired flight path management related tasks.

Pilot Feedback on FMS Training

• 2/3rd report difficulties in first 6 months

• Only ¼ felt adequately prepared

• 42% - training was deficient

• 62% - 3-12 months to feel comfortable

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Inadequate Pilot Knowledge (from accident/major incident data)

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Consequences for Flight Path Management

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

 Finding 12 - Current Training Time, Methods, and Content

Current training methods, training devices, the time allotted for training, and content may not provide the flightcrews with the knowledge, skills and judgment to successfully manage flight path management systems.

Challenging Areas

• The most prevalent challenge described was that of balancing the program focus on developing and maintaining skills using the automated systems and those related to flying and making decisions without those automated systems.

• Train departures and arrivals, including realistic line-oriented scenarios

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Finding 13: Instructor Trg & Qual Flight instructor training, experience, and line-operation familiarity may

not provide the required flight instructor experience and skills to effectively train flightcrews for successful flight path management. This will be especially important for future operations.

Improvements Required

• Instructors stated improvement is needed for training and developing instructor skills.

• Many airlines do not provide specific training for the instructors on how to teach automated systems.

• Many instructors stated they would benefit from better instructor training on how to teach the use of automation as well as instruction on the underlying principles and intricacies of how the automation works.

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Recommendations

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Recommendations

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Recommendations

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015

Captain Dave McKenney

United Airlines / ALPA.I

Human Factors and the Automated Flight Deck Feb 2015