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What isWhat isGovernment?Government?
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GovernmentGovernment
T he institution throughT he institution throughwhich a society makes andwhich a society makes andenforces its public policiesenforces its public policiesMade up of those peopleMade up of those people
who have authority & who have authority & control over a countryscontrol over a countryspeoplepeople
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F orms of GovernmentF orms of Government
U nitaryU nitary- -all powers belongall powers belongto a single, central agency.to a single, central agency.Can still be democratic.Can still be democratic.Example: Great BritainExample: Great Britain- -ParliamentParliament
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F orms of GovernmentF orms of Government
F ederalF ederal- -powers of govt. arepowers of govt. aredivided between and centraldivided between and centralgovernment and several localgovernment and several localgovernments.governments.Authority superior to bothAuthority superior to both
defines the division of power.defines the division of power.(Constitution)(Constitution)Examples: Australia, Mexico,Examples: Australia, Mexico,U .S.U .S.
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F orms of GovernmentF orms of Government
ConfederateConfederate- -an alliance betweenan alliance betweenindependent nations. Govt. onlyindependent nations. Govt. only
handles matters that memberhandles matters that memberstates assign to it. Not common.states assign to it. Not common.
Example: EuropeanU
nionExample: EuropeanU
nionU S had this under the Articles of U S had this under the Articles of Confederation and it failedConfederation and it failed
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P residential vs. P arliamentaryP residential vs. P arliamentary
PresidentialPresidential- -exec. Andexec. Andlegislative branches havelegislative branches haveindependent & equal powerindependent & equal powerPresident not elected byPresident not elected bylegislaturelegislatureF ixed termsF ixed termsEach can block actions of theEach can block actions of the
otherother
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P residential vs. P arliamentaryP residential vs. P arliamentary
ParliamentaryParliamentary- -Executive is aExecutive is aprime minister or premierprime minister or premierPM is part of legislative branchPM is part of legislative branchand leader of the majorityand leader of the majoritySelected by other members of Selected by other members of ParliamentParliamentMust retain confidence of Must retain confidence of Parliament to keep powerParliament to keep power
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F orms of GovernmentF orms of GovernmentD emocracyD emocracy- -authority rests with theauthority rests with thepeople.people. D irectD irect- -all people vote on all issuesall people vote on all issues
(extinct)(extinct)IndirectIndirect- -elected representativeselected representatives
carry out the daycarry out the day- -toto--daydayresponsibilities of the govt.responsibilities of the govt.
Accountable by frequent electionsAccountable by frequent electionsEx. U nited StatesEx. U nited States
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F orms of GovernmentF orms of Government
D ictatorshipD ictatorship- -those who rulethose who rulehave absolute power andhave absolute power andauthority. Sometimesauthority. Sometimestotalitarian in that the leadertotalitarian in that the leadercontrols almost all aspects of controls almost all aspects of populations lives. Some gainpopulations lives. Some gain
power by military force.power by military force.
China, F ormer Soviet U nionChina, F ormer Soviet U nion
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Pub lic P olicyPub lic P olicy
T he things that a govt.T he things that a govt.decides to make lawsdecides to make lawsabout.about.D efense, education,D efense, education,
taxation.taxation.
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P ower of governmentP ower of government
3 kinds of power: Legislative3 kinds of power: Legislative(make law), executive(make law), executive
(enforce law), and judicial(enforce law), and judicial(interpret law).(interpret law).Constitution outlines theConstitution outlines thefundamental body of lawsfundamental body of lawsD irections to run the govt.D irections to run the govt.
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O rigins of the StateO rigins of the State
Govt. is the oldest humanGovt. is the oldest humaninventioninventionAppeared when peopleAppeared when peoplerealized that they could notrealized that they could not
survive without some way tosurvive without some way toregulate their own andregulate their own andneighbors behaviorsneighbors behaviors
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O rigins of GovernmentO rigins of Government
Aristotle observed, man isAristotle observed, man isby nature a political animal by nature a political animal more than 2, 300 years ago.more than 2, 300 years ago.Government is an institutionGovernment is an institution
Politics is the process thatPolitics is the process thatcarries out governmentcarries out government
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T he StateT he State
A body of people, living in aA body of people, living in adefined territory, organizeddefined territory, organizedpolitically (w/a govt.), andpolitically (w/a govt.), andwith the power to make andwith the power to make andenforce law without theenforce law without theconsent of any higherconsent of any higherauthority.authority.
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T he StateT he State
More than 19 0 states inMore than 19 0 states inthe world today that varythe world today that varyin many ways, but all within many ways, but all withthe 4 characteristics of athe 4 characteristics of astate: population,state: population,territory, sovereignty andterritory, sovereignty andgovernment.government.
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T erritoryT erritory
T he land that makes up aT he land that makes up astate; has recognizedstate; has recognized
boundaries. State vary inboundaries. State vary insize.size.Vatican CityVatican City- -1 0 9 acres1 0 9 acres
RussiaRussia- -6.6 million sq. miles6.6 million sq. milesU .S.U .S.-- 3 ,787,425 sq. miles3 ,787,425 sq. miles
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SovereigntySovereignty
Every state has supreme andEvery state has supreme andabsolute power within its ownabsolute power within its own
territory and can decide its ownterritory and can decide its ownforeign & domestic policies.foreign & domestic policies.Is neither subordinate norIs neither subordinate nor
responsible to any other state.responsible to any other state.
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GovernmentGovernment
T he institution through whichT he institution through whicha country makes anda country makes andenforces its public policies.enforces its public policies.T here are many differentT here are many differentforms of governmentforms of governmentMonarchy, dictatorship,Monarchy, dictatorship,
representative democracyrepresentative democracy
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P op u lationP op u lation
People that live in a state.People that live in a state.
ChinaChina- -1.25 billion1.25 billionU .S.U .S.--285 million285 million
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O rigin of the StateO rigin of the State
Evolutionary theoryEvolutionary theory- -statestatedeveloped from the family.developed from the family.F amily to clan to tribe.F amily to clan to tribe.When the tribe gave upWhen the tribe gave upnomadic ways and tiednomadic ways and tieditself to land, the state wasitself to land, the state wasborn.born.
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O rigin of the StateO rigin of the State
D ivine Right T heory states thatD ivine Right T heory states thatGod created the State and gaveGod created the State and gavethose of royal birth the power tothose of royal birth the power torule. Subjects were not torule. Subjects were not toquestion the rule as leader wasquestion the rule as leader wasas God. Opposition was treasonas God. Opposition was treasonand a mortal sin.and a mortal sin.Chinese, Egyptians, MayanChinese, Egyptians, Mayan
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O rigin of the StateO rigin of the StateSocial Contract theorySocial Contract theory- -developeddevelopedby philosophers Hobbes, Locke & by philosophers Hobbes, Locke & Rousseau.Rousseau.Government is a voluntaryGovernment is a voluntaryagreementagreement- -ConstitutionConstitution
People are the source of thePeople are the source of thepowerpowerEntered to save selves from theEntered to save selves from the
brutish state of naturebrutish state of nature
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O rigin of the StateO rigin of the State
F orce T heoryF orce T heory- -the Statethe Statewas formed when a personwas formed when a personor group took control of anor group took control of anarea and forced all withinarea and forced all within
to submit to authorityto submit to authorityMight makes rightMight makes right
