1. 1. access to thev ecityfor e ryoneplanning strategies to counteract residential segregation in BogotAngela Bedoya4112997
2. 2. [c o n t e n t] ?Bogot ProblemQuestion Aim Methodology
3. 3. [bogot] 2010 Pop. 7,363,782estimate 384 km2 of 1,775 km2 (25,3% is urban area)Located in the geographic centre of 0 10 30 Kmthe country,South AmericaColombiaIn the east mountain chain of TheAndes at2,625 metres above sea level.There (distrito capital), the 16% ofthe National population lives and,Accounts for 22% of the NationalGross Domestic Product N(DANE-SDP, 2007) - www.bogota.gov.co - (Gonzlez et al., 2008) -Source: authors own 0 1030 Kmwww.habitatbogota.gov.co
4. 4. [bogot][bogot][randstad]7,363,782 Population8,000,000384 km2 9,000 km2[bta] 21,276 pp/km 2[ams] 19,512 pp/km 2 [utr] 10,796 pp/km 2[dh] 19,072 pp/km 2[rott] 15,560 pp/km 2N0 10 20 30 40 50 KmSource: authors own with data from the tale of two regions and SDP, 2007
5. 5. [bogot] ZipaquirGachancip TocancipCajicTabio SopChaTenjoFacatativCotawww.bogota.gov.coBojac MadridFunza La Calera Main Natural borders - Bogot river to the west, Monserrate and GuadalupeMosqueraBogot D.C. mountains to the east Monserrate 3,152 m.s.l.Guadalupe3,317 m.s.l. Inside the Cundinamarca departmentSoacha although the city is an independent Sibat administration district.Chipaque No Metropolitan area conformed administratively, but it exists in the urban dynamics of the city with surrounding municipalities Population census (DANE, 2005) N05 10 kmSource: authors own with SDP shape files, 2009
6. 6. [problem statement: residential segregation] Today, Bogot is a profoundly segregated city (Gonzlez, 2007, p.14). Rich and poor people reside in different parts of the city and do not interact often in the urban space (Gonzlez et al, 2008).
7. 7. [residential segregation]changing spatial phenomenon related in a complex way with social inequalities clustering of families of the same social conditionThree specific dimensions:- Degree of spatial concentration- Social homogeneity of city areas- Reputation of those areas(Sabatini, 2003 and Marcuse, 2001)
8. 8. [residential segregation] In Latin American cities the issue has been ap- proached from socio economic perspective How has been studied in Bogot? EmploymentSubsidiesTaxes[social and [distance ineconomic] $$ Supportspace] incomes expenses Public ServicesTransport fareDi erences in quality of lifeHousingEducation [distribution [spatial]Access to facilitiesof facilities]Public Parks andHousingTimes facilities public spacelocationof travelAuthors own based on Gonzlez et al, 2008; Gonzlez, 2007
9. 9. [residential segregation] In Latin American cities the issue has been ap- proached from socio economic perspective How has been studied in Bogot? EmploymentSubsidiesTaxes[social and [distance ineconomic] $$ Supportspace] incomes expenses Public ServicesTransport fareDi erences in quality of lifeHousingEducation [distribution [spatial]Access to facilitiesof facilities]Public Parks andHousingTimes facilities public spacelocationof travelAuthors own based on Gonzlez et al, 2008; Gonzlez, 2007
10. 10. con la matriz origen[residential segregation]de entradas (Pnud, I en donde haya mezc por hogar, y para qu condiciones, que hay 1. Social and economic distance de la red vial local. Pa in spaceque conjugar la gesti la segregacin socioe Several variables used Residential segregation index Per localidad Human development report forcuadro 3.1C Bogot 2008. (importance of the territorialndice de segregacin residencial (isr) entity where it is calculated) (Por localidad. Tres formas de medir la segregacin) y dvariable localidad rHomes income Ingreso del hogar11,46c dHomes expenses Gastos del hogar 12,37Price per constructed square metre - housing Valor m2 construido40,06 e Fuente: Sdp, 2007.c Segregation increases as the indexs increases! se calcula de tres mEl ndice de segregac(valor del m 2 constrel ingreso oetel gasto(Gonzlez al., 2008)
11. 11. INTERVENCIN PBLICA [residential segregation]Effects in the urban dynamicsDifferent urban conditions the isolation of discriminated and poor population groups and the perception they have on their own condition is whatDistance to centralities favours social disintegration (Sabatini 2003: p. 9).MainMaincity facilities city facilitiesHigh rent areas HistoricalandLow rent areasfinancial centreSource: Fernando Arenas (n.d) in Rojas 2011
12. 12. [residential segregation] MAPA 1. HOGARES POBRES POR N.B.I. 76000 88000 100000112000CHIA SOPO124000124000MAPA 1. HOGARES TENJOGUASCASubsecretara de Informacin y Estudios Estratgicos01 Direccin de Informacin, Cartografa y Estadstica COTAENCUESTA DE CALIDAD DE VIDA 2007 FACATATIVA Fuente y Caractersticas Tcnicas 76000 88000 Mapa ZIPACON Digital de Bogot D.C.Coordenadas Cartesianas con origen en la interseccin del meridiano74 grados 09 minutos con el paralelo 4 grados 41 minutos al cual se SUBAle asignaron las Coordenadas Planas N:109.320.965 m. y E:334.879 m.2,8Cotas referidas a la nivelacin geomtrica establecida por el IGAC parael D.A.C.D. Plano de Proyeccin 2.550 m. sobre el nivel del mar. Datosde nivelacin, nivel medio del mar.FUNZAUSAQUEN 2,101.5003.000 6.000Metros 5% of Bogotas homes areESCALA 1:275000CONVENCIONESPermetro del DistritoLA CALERA112000112000Lmite de localidadENGATIVA EVOLUCIN DE LA POBREZA 2003 - 2007 (%)2,7 considered to be in poverty0,00 - 2,50 BOJACA 2,51 - 5,005,01 - 7,50 FONTIBON 1240007,51 - 10,002,5 MOSQUERA>10BARRIOS UNIDOS3,5 TENJO TENATEUSAQUILLO0,5CHAPINERO1,6 conditions and 0.5% are inSubsecretara de Informacin y Estudios Estratgicos01 destitution conditions. KENNEDY Direccin de Informacin, Cartografa y EstadsticaBOSA 4,3 7,6PUENTE ARANDA 2,2 LOS MARTIRES COTAFACATATIVA(Total households: 1,978,528)3,6CANDELARIA ENCUESTA DE CALIDAD DE VIDA 2007 SAN ANTONIO DEL TEQUENDAMA1000001000005,3 SANTA FEANTONIO NARIO 9,23,4SOACHAFuente y Caractersticas Tcnicas TUNJUELITOCHOACHI6,2RAFAEL URIBE URIBE7,6 SAN CRISTOBAL Mapa ZIPACONDigital de Bogot D.C. Higher percentages in the south7,4 Coordenadas Cartesianas con origen en la interseccin del meridiano 74 grados 09 minutos con el paralelo 4 grados 41 minutos al cual se UBAQUE le asignaron las Coordenadas Planas N:109.320.965 m. y E:334.879 m. Cotas referidas a la nivelacin geomtrica establecida por el IGAC para part of the city8800088000CIUDAD BOLIVAR 13,9 el D.A.C.D. Plano de Proyeccin 2.550 m. sobre el nivel del mar. DatosFOMEQUE de nivelacin, nivel medio del mar.FUNZA SIBATE SILVANIACHIPAQUEEVOLUCIN DE LA POBREZA 2003 - 2007 0 1.5003.000 6.00014Metros12 CAQUEZA ESCALA 1:275000 Poor homes per localidad (administrative unit)10Legend 8 CONVENCIONES according to unsatisfied basic needs. 67600076000 4 2 District perimeter Permetro del Distrito 112000 0 Localidad limit Lmite de localidad UsmeRafael Uribe Uribe Ciudad BolvarSan CristbalUsaqun Santa FeChapinero Tunjuelito FontibnEngativ Total BogotTeusaquilloLa CandelariaLos MartiresBosaSuba Barrios Unidos Antonio NarioPuente Aranda KennedyLOCALIZACIN DE BOGOT D.C. ENUSME 9,1 Poverty evolution 2003 - 2007 (%) (%) EVOLUCIN DE LA POBREZA 2003 - 2007 Criteria: Inadequate housing (0.7%), critical over- crowding (2.6%), inadequate services (0.2), highEL DEPARTAMENTO DE CUNDINAMARCA Pobres 2003 Pobres 20070,00 - 2,50 PUERT O SALGARUNE economic dependence (1.6%), school dropoutYACOPISIM IJACA SUSAFOSCAFUQUENE PAIM E GUACHET ACAPARRAPI BOJACA TOPAIPI LA PAL MACARM EN DE CARUPA SAN CAYETANOUBAT E LENGUAZAQUE EL PENO N VIL LAGOM EZSUT ATAUSA CUCUNUBA VIL LAPINZO N LA PENAPASCA2,51 - 5,00 UTICA TAUSAGUADUAS NIMAIM AVERGARAPACHOSUESCACHOCONT A QUEBRADANEGRACOGUA NEM OCON TIBIRIT A (0.5%). NOCAIMA SUPATA QUETAME VIL LETA GACHANCIPAMACHETA ZIPAQUIRASESQUIL ECHAG UANI LA VEG ASUBACHOQUETOCANCIPA MANTASASAIMA SAN F RANCISCO TABIOGUAYABAL DE SIQUIM A CAJI CA GUATAVITAVIANI AL BAN SO POGACHET A CHIA SAN JUAN DE RIO SECO BIT UIM A TENJOFONTIBONFACATATI VAGUASCA UBALAANO LAIMA COTAZIPACON5,01 - 7,50FUNZ A BELT RANPUL IQUIPILE CACHIPAYLA CALERA JUNINGAMABO JACASAN PEDRO DE JAGUALA MESA TENAMOSQUERAGACHAL A SAN ANT ONIO DEL TEQUENDAMASO ACHAJERUSALENANAPOIM AEL COLEGIO CHOACHIFOM EQUEGUATAQUI APULO UBAQUEMEDINA SIBAT EVIO TA SIL VANIACHIPAQUETOCAIM ANARINO CAQ UEZ APARATEBUENOAG UADE DI OSGIRARDOTTIBACUYFOSCA QUETAME2,5 RICAURT E NILOFUSAGASUG A PASCA UNE7,51 - 10,00 ARBELAEZ GUAYABETAL6400064000 PANDI GUTIERREZ SAN BERNARDOBO GOT AD. C. MOSQUERA Source: Life quality survey Bogot (DANE-SDP, VENECIA CABRERAGUAYABETAL SUMAPAZ 21,3 GUTIERREZ>10 2007) FUSAGASUGA TENAARBELAEZ
13. 13. [residential segregation]2. Uneven distribution offacilitiesUrban stratificationClassification of residentialInformacin y EstudiosDistrital SDP Subsecretaria de areas, im-Secretaria de PlaneacinEstratgicosmediate surroundings and urbanisedLa estratificacin urbana de Bogot y el proceso de actualizacincontext in Bogot.La clasificacin de cada manzana, en uno de seis estratos, se realiza directamente por elsoftware, teniendo en cuenta la informacin registrada. En la imagen 2 se visualiza unejemplo prototipo de cada estrato en Bogot. Imagen 2. Fotografas por estrato en BogotUrban stratificationStratum 1Stratum 2Stratum 3Stratum 4Stratum 5NStratum 6Without Fuente: SDP - Direccin de Estratificacin 2009Source: Urban stratification document (SDP, 2009)Se llama la atencin sobre el hecho que no son objeto de estratificacin los predios05 10 kmdedicados a usos distintos al residencial, es decir, no se les asigna estrato a lotes, zonasSource: authors own with SDP shape files, 2009
14. 14. [residential segregation]Urban stratification and main roads networkN0 5 10 km 1 and 23 and 4 5 and 6Source: authors own with SDP shape files, 2009
15. 15. [residential segregation]Roads densityIn the south westernparts of the city themain roads density islower, and the localroads density is rela-tively higherDensity of main urban roads per Density of neighbourhood roadslocalidad per localidad0.0519 - 0.0943 0.0989 - 0.12890.0449 - 0.0518 0.0738 - 0.09880.0324 - 0.0448 0.0662 - 0.07370.0219 - 0.0323 0.0589 - 0.05610.0113 - 0.0218 0.0435 - 0.0588Localidad limit Localidad limit0 510 km0 510 km(Gonzlez et al., 2008)