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Parshat Masei A free excerpt from the Kehot Publication Society's Chumash Bemidbar/Book of Numbers with commentary based on the works of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, produced by Chabad of California. The full volume is available for purchase at www.kehot.com. For personal use only. All rights reserved. The right to reproduce this book or portions thereof, in any form, requires permission in writing from Chabad of California, Inc.
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Page 1: Parshat Masei - chabad.org

Parshat MaseiA free excerpt from the Kehot Publication Society's Chumash Bemidbar/Book of Numbers with commentary based on the works of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, produced by Chabad of California. The full volume is available for purchase at www.kehot.com.

For personal use only. All rights reserved. The right to reproduce this book or portions thereof, in any form, requires permission in writing from Chabad of California, Inc.

Page 2: Parshat Masei - chabad.org

THE TORAH - CHUMASH BEMIDBAR

WITH AN INTERPOLATED ENGLISH TRANSLATION

AND COMMENTARY BASED ON THE WORKS OF

THE LUBAVITCH REBBE

Copyright ยฉ 2004by

Chabad of California, Inc.

Published byKehot Publication Society

770 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York 11213718-774-4000 / Fax 718-774-2718

Order Department:291 Kingston Avenue / Brooklyn, New York 11213

718-778-0226 / Fax 718-778-4148www.kehotonline.com

All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof, in any form, without permission,

in writing, from Chabad of California, Inc.

The Kehot logo is a trademark of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, Inc.

ISBN 0-8266-0193-6

Published in the United States of America

The Torah - Chumash BemidBar

With an interpolated english translation

and Commentary Based on the Works of

the luBavitCher reBBe

Copyright ยฉ 2006-2009by

Chabad of California

second, revised printing 2009

A project ofChabad of California

741 Gayley Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024310-208-7511 / Fax 310-208-5811

Published byKehot Publication Society

770 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York 11213718-774-4000 / Fax 718-774-2718

[email protected]

Order Department:291 Kingston Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11213

718-778-0226 / Fax 718-778-4148www.kehot.com

All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this bookor portions thereof, in any form, without permission,

in writing, from Chabad of California, Inc.

The Kehot logo is a trademarkof Merkos Lโ€™Inyonei Chinuch, Inc.

ISBN: 978-0-8266-0193-3ISBN: 978-0-8266-0195-2 (set)

Published in the United States of America

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The Book of Numbers

5769/2009 ISBN 978-0-8266-0191-9

This book contains the Hebrew Text of the Torah,and therefore opens and is read

Parshat Masei

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GENESISBereishit

NoachLech Lecha

VayeiraChayei Sarah

ToldotVayeitzei

VayishlachVayeishev

MikeitzVayigash

Vayechi

EXODUSShemot

VaeiraBo

BeshalachYitro

MishpatimTerumahTetzaveh

TisaVayakheil

Pekudei

LEVITICUSVayikra

TzavShemini

TazriaMetzora

Acharei MotKedoshim

EmorBehar

Bechukotai

NUMBERSBemidbar

NasoBehaโ€™alotecha

ShelachKorachChukat

BalakPinchas

Matot

MaseiDEUTERONOMY

DevarimVaโ€™etchanan

EikevReโ€™eh

ShoftimTeitzei

TavoNetzavimVayeilechHaโ€™azinu

Vezot Habrachah

43 ืžืกืขื™

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ืžืกืขื™43Masei

Overview

A t the end of parashat Chukat, the Israelites arrived at the threshold of the Promised Land, โ€œby the Jordan opposite Jericho.โ€ The ensuing three parashiotโ€”Balak, Pinchas, and Matotโ€”describe the events that took place while the Israelites were

encamped at their final stop, most prominently the encounter with Moab and Midian.This parashah, Masei, the last of the Book of Numbers, opens with a recapitulation of

the Israeliteโ€™s entire trek from Egypt until their final camp, and it takes its name (which means โ€œthe journeys ofโ€) from the opening words of this recapitulation. This summary would seem to be a fitting way to close the book. But the fact that the text continues after this reviewโ€”and indeed, that the entire Book of Deuteronomy is yet to comeโ€”indicates that it serves rather as the demarcation between the story of the sojourn in the desert and the preparations for entering the Land of Israel. After looking back at what was, we look forward to what is about to be.

And indeed, the remainder of Masei deals with specific instructions pertaining to the conquest of the land: driving out its idolatrous inhabitants, delineating its borders, designating who will divide it up, specifying where the Levites will live and the special role their cities will play, and detailing additional laws of inheritance.

So it would seem that the opening subject of the parashah is entirely different from the rest of its contents. If the opening review of the Israelitesโ€™ itinerary is the end of the story of the desert, perhaps it should have been placed at the end of the previous parashah. The present parashah would then be entirely devoted to the life the people would lead after crossing the Jordan.

The fact that, despite what we might think, the itinerary is part of the look ahead, and actually introduces it, implies that it is at least as relevant to what is to come as it is to what was.

T he distinguishing feature of human life is change. True, lower life forms also grow, learn, and adapt, but once they reach maturity, they remain what they are. Even the forms of life above usโ€”the angelsโ€”are static: every angel is the

eternal, unchanging personification of a specific level of Divine consciousness or emotion. Only human beings are capable of changing their way of looking at life, of progressing to

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higher, more Divinely conscious levels of living based on their expanded understanding of reality.

If this spiritual growth is the unique property of human existence, it follows that in order for us to remain human and avoid becoming fossilized as a stagnant animal (or even angel!), this process must go on continuously. We must always strive to expand our spiritual horizons and seek higher levels of living.

The secret of life, then, is to keep moving, to keep journeying upward: never to look at progress only as a phenomenon of the past, but to see it primarily as an integral part of the future.

A s we have seen, the archetype of constricted consciousness is the Land of Egypt. The Hebrew name for Egypt (Mitzraim) means โ€œlimitsโ€ and โ€œboundariesโ€ (meitzarim). The Exodus from Egypt is thus the archetype for transcending limits in the spiritual

life. But here we find an instructive nuance in the way the Israelitesโ€™ itinerary is introduced: โ€œThese are the journeys of the Israelites who left the Land of Egypt.โ€ This phrase seems to imply that all the journeys were from the Land of Egypt, while technically only the first journey was from Egypt.

By introducing the entire itinerary this way, the Torah teaches us that whenever we go out of Egypt, whenever we transcend one level of life, we should consider our new, expanded level of consciousness a new โ€œEgypt,โ€ a level of constricted awareness relative to where we want to go next. In this way, we are constantly going out of Egypt.

Furthermore, rather than simply listing the stops on the journey, the account is phrased in a way that emphasizes how the Israelites left every place they stopped at: โ€œ[They] journeyed from Rameses and camped at Sukot. They journeyed from Sukot and camped at Eitam.... They journeyed from Eitam....โ€1 This implies that every progression from level to level must be a quantum leap. It is not enough to just enhance or ascend at our present level; each leg of the journey should be a complete departure from the previous way we conceived of God, of life, and of ourselves.2

In this context, it is particularly instructive to realize that not everything that happened along this journey from Egypt to the threshold of the Promised Land was altogether positive. At quite a few stops, the Israelites fell backwards, even retreated, and learned the lessons of Divine living the hard way. Nonetheless, they are all called โ€œjourneysโ€; in the long run they all contributed to the final arrival. This teaches us that in order to progress in life, we must learn how to see every regression as a lesson in how to progress further, and thereby turn every failure into a success.

This is possible because, despite the imperative to progress continually, there are certain things that should not change. This is the lesson we learned in the previous parashah, Matot.3 These basic constantsโ€”our fundamental beliefs and our resistance to evilโ€”are the bedrock of our spiritual lives, and give us the stability on which we can base our continuous ascent. In particular, we can survive our falls when we realize that they are all orchestrated by Divine providence: we fall specifically in those areas of life where God sees we need to ascend; the rest of our life remains intact, providing the framework we need to put ourselves back together.

1. Numbers 33:5-7.2. To borrow a metaphor from physics, constant velocity is also a constant: there must be acceleration, as well. And the rate of acceleration must also increase, or it, too, becomes a constant. And so on.3. This is one of the inner reasons why, in most years, these two parashiot are read together.

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T hese lessons were particularly pertinent when the Jews were about to enter the Promised Land. The safe and sequestered life of the desert, of seclusion in a totally spiritual environment, naturally encourages spiritual growth. Of course,

it is possible to stagnate in a spiritual environment as well, but the main challenge to remaining spiritually alive is in the settled land of mundane, material living. It is therefore fitting to make this point just as our sights become focused on working the land across the Jordan River, so that we remember throughout our mundane lives to strive and progress constantly toward ever higher levels of Divine consciousness. By ascending the ladder of spiritual growth ourselves and helping others make the same climb, we actualize the lessons we learned in the desert and successfully meet the great challenge of making the world into Godโ€™s home.4

4. Likutei Torah 3:88c; Sichot Kodesh 5732, vol. 2, pp. 431-434; Sichot Kodesh 5740, vol. 3, pp. 626-627; Sichot Kodesh 5741, vol. 4, pp. 268-272; Hitvaโ€™aduyot 5742, vol. 4, p. 1908; Likutei Sichot, vol. 18, pp. 382-383, vol. 23, pp. 224-228. vol. 28, pp. 282-284, etc.

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ONKELOS

First (Fourth) reading

208

RASHI

CHASIDIC INSIGHTS

3. See above, on 11:34; Degel Machaneh Ephraim, Masei (80a) citing Brit Menuchah; Sichot Kodesh 5719, p. 208; Or HaTorah, Masei, p. 1352; Sefer HaSichot 5749, vol. 2, p. 528. 4. Likutei Sichot, vol. 4, p. 1083. 5. Likutei Sichot, vol. 13, pp. 126-127; Tanya, chapter 37 (48b), Likutei Torah 3:42b, etc.

ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื•? ื”ืœ ืขื•ืช ืก ื”ืž ื‘ื• ื ื›ืช ื” ืœืž ืžืกืขื™. ื” 1 ืืœืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื–ืจ ื’ ืฉ ื™ ืค ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉ ืžืงื•ื, ืœ ืฉ ื—ืกื“ื™ื• ื•ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉ ืชืืžืจ ืœื ืจ, ื“ื‘ ืž ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืขื ื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืขื™ื ืฉ ืœ ืืจื‘ ืข ื› ืข ืœืžืก ืก ืžืžืขื•ืช; ืฆื ืžื”ื ื™ื ืžืก ืช ืขื™ื ื•ืฉ ื ืืจื‘ ืืŸ ืืœ ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื› ืฉื–ืจื”, ื’ ืงื“ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื” ืฉ ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื ืœ ื› ืฉ ืจ, ืขืฉ ืขื” ืืจื‘ื—ื• ืœ ืช ื ื ืฉ ืฉ ืž ืื• ืœืจืชืžื”, ืฉ ื‘ ืกืขื• ืžืจืขืžืกืก ืขื“ ืฉ ื  ืžืฉื•ื’ื•' ืžื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืขื ื ืกืขื• "ื•ืื—ืจ ืืžืจ: ื  ืฉ ืœื™ื, ื”ืžืจื’ืกืขื• ืžื—ืฆืจืช ื™ื ื•ื’ื•'"1, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ื•ื™ ืœื— ืœืš ืื ืฉ ืฉ

ืืจืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืฆื ืจ ืค ืžื“ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื‘ , ืฉ ืจืชืžื”", ืœืžื“ืช ื—ื ื• ื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืช ืื”ืจืŸ โ€” ืžื”ืจ ืขื•ืช ืฉ ืžื•ื ื” ืžืก ื ืฉ ืžืฉืœ ื› ืฉ ื ืžืฆื, ืขื™ื, ื”ืืจื‘ ื ืช ืฉ ื‘ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืื‘ ืขื“ ื”ื”ืจ ืขื•ืช. ืžืก ืจื™ื ืขืฉ ื ืืœ ื ืกืขื• ืœื ื ื” ืฉ ื™ื ืœืฉ ื•ืฉ ืžื•ื ื” ืฉืจืฉ ื“ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื™ ื•ืจื‘ ืŸ. ืจืฉ ื”ื“ ื” ืžืฉ ื™ ืจื‘ ืœ ืฉ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื• ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื• ืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉ ื” ืื—ืจืช: ืžืฉ ืจืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ ืื•ืชื•, ื› ืœืžืงื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืœืจืคืืŸ ื”ื•ืงืจื ื•, ื ื ื•, ื› ื™ืฉ ืืŸ ืขื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื•: "ื› ืก ืœ ื”ืž ืžื•ื ื” ื›

ืš ื•ื›ื•'": ืช ืืช ืจืืฉ ืฉ ืืŸ ื—ืฉ ื›

ื™ื ืžืฆืจ ืจืฅ ืžื ื™ืฆืื• ืืฉืจ ืœ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจื ืžืกืขื™ ืœื” 33:1 ื

ืืชึพ ื” ืžืฉ ื‘ 2 ื•ื™ื›ืช ืŸ: ื”ืจ ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ึพืžืฉ ื ืœืฆื‘ืืชื ืžืกืขื™ื” ืœื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ ืขืœึพืค ื ืœืžืกืขื™ื” ืื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฆ

ื: ืื™ื” ืœืžื•ืฆ

ื™ ื“ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื ื™ ืžื˜ ื™ืŸ 33:1 ืืœืœื—ื™ืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืืจืขื ื ืคืงื• 2 ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืื”ืจืŸ: ื” ื“ืžืฉ ื™ื“ื ื‘ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืžื˜ ืงื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืค ื™ืช ื” ืžืฉืœื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ ื™ืŸ ื•ืืœ ื“ื™ื™ ืžื™ืžืจื ืขืœ

ืงื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ: ืœืžืค

1. ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘, ื˜ื– โ€“ ื™ื’, ื‘.

1 These are the journeys: The Baโ€™al Shem Tov taught that these forty-two journeys are also the forty-two spiritual journeys we make throughout our life. We begin from birth, and the nationโ€™s exo-dus from Egypt is both its own birth as a nation and an allegory for every individual birth, the liberation of the fetus from the confines of the womb into the freedom of the outside world where it can develop and become independent. The final journey is to the spiritual Promised Land, the afterlife that awaits us after death.Although some of the intervening journeys in the Israeliteโ€™s trek through the desert were accompa-nied by setbacks, in their spiritual origin and in the way they are meant to be reflected in our lives they are all holy and positive. If we choose properly be-tween good and evil, we will live out these phases of life in the way God intended; if, like the genera-tion of the desert, we make some wrong choices, they will have to be expressed as setbacks.3

Even though we can always transform the setbacks we have suffered in our lives into positive, growth experiences, it is still better not to have to fall back on this. With regard to our future journeys, let us try to always choose to live them out in positive, holy ways.4

2 This is the land which shall fall to you as an inheritance: Allegorically, the Land of Israel repre-sents the physical world in general; the fact that we are obligated to perform certain commandments only within its borders alludes to the fact that we can only perform Godโ€™s commandments and el-evate material reality while our souls are in this world, that is, during our physical lifetime. This op-portunity does not exist before the soul descends into the body and after it leaves it, even though the soul is alive before birth and lives on after death.By delineating the boundaries of the Land of Israelโ€”allegorically, demarcating the sphere within which we can perform Godโ€™s commandments and elevate the material worldโ€”the Torah underscores the val-ue we should attach to this opportunity, which we are granted only during our lives on earth.Relative to the beatific existence the soul enjoys in its celestial abode before birth, the difficult and challenging life it must lead in this world seems indeed to be a โ€œfallโ€ from a former height. But by utilizing all our powers to capitalize on the unique opportunity that is ours only in this world, we not only help God achieve His purpose in creation and fulfill the purpose of our existence, but also vastly enhance our ability to absorb the Divine revelations that await us in the afterlife.5

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208

1. Exodus 12:51. 2. There are 41 starting points; the 42nd location being the final destination, the plains of Moab.

Synopsis of the Exodus33:1 The Torah continues to chronicle the preparations for the peopleโ€™s entry into the Land of Israel. Now that the people have reached their final stop on their trek through the desert and are poised to enter the Promised Land, the narrative sum-marizes this chapter of their history by briefly reviewing the 42 stations on the journey. These are the journeys of the Israelites who left Egypt, organized by tribal troops,1 under the leadership of Moses and Aaron.2 Moses recorded their starting points for their journeys according to the word of God, and these were their journeys with their starting points (See Figure 1).2

Figure 1: The Forty-Nine Journeys

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ONKELOS

second (Fourth) reading

209

RASHI ืจืชืžื”. ื—ื ื• ื‘ ืื‘ืœื: 18 ื•ื™ ืจื™ื. ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ 4 ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืŸ ืœืš ืช ื™ ืืžืจ: "ืžื” ื  ืฉ ืœื™ื, ืœ ืžืจื’ ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉ

ื—ืœื™ ื’ ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉ ื”, ื—ืฆ ื™ืกื™ืฃ ืœืš, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ ื•ืžื” ืจืชืžื™ื"2:

ื™ื•ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ืžืฉื” ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื” ื“ืฉ ื‘ื— ืจืขืžืกืก ืž 3 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆืื• ืกื— ื”ืค ืช ื—ืจ ืžืž ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื” ื“ืฉ ืœื—ืจ ืืฉ ืืช ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืจ ื™ื 4 ื•ืžืฆืจ ื™ื: ื›ืœึพืžืฆืจ ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื” ืจืžื™ื”ื•ื” ืขืฉื” ื ื•ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื” ื›ืœึพื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ื›ื” ืช: ื‘ืกื› ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืจืขืžืกืก ืž ืœ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจื 5 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื™ื: ืฉืคื˜ืจ: ื”ืžื“ื‘ ื‘ืงืฆื” ืจ ืืฉ ื ื‘ืืช ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ืช ืžืกื› 6 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื‘ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืœึพืคื ื™ ืช ื—ื™ืจ ื” ื™ ืฉื‘ ืขืœึพืค ื•ื™ ื ืืช ืž 7 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืช ื—ื™ืจ ื” ืžืคื ื™ 8 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืœ: ืžื’ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืฉืช ืจืš ื“ ืœื›ื• ื•ื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืšึพื”ื™ื ืžื” ืื™ืœ ืื• ื•ื™ื‘ ื” ืžืžืจ 9 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื”: ื‘ืžืจ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื ืืชื™ื—ื ื•ึพ ื™ื ื• ื™ื ืชืžืจ ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืช ืž ื” ืขื™ื  ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื ืฉืช ื•ื‘ืื™ืœ

ื™ื—ื ื• ืขืœึพื™ืึพืกื•ืฃ: ื ื• ืื™ืœ ื: 10 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืž ืฉ12 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื™ืŸ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจึพืก ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืžื™ืึพืกื•ืฃ 11 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืฉื ื™ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื” ืžื“ืคืง 13 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื”: ื‘ื“ืคืง ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื™ืŸ ืžืžื“ื‘ืจึพืกืฉื ื™ื” ื ื•ืœืึพื” ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• 14 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœื•ืฉ: ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™: ื ื• ืจืคื™ื“ ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช: 15 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืž ื™ื ืœืข ืž17 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืื•ื”: ืช ื” ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ 16 ื•ื™ืกืขื•

ื™ื—ื ื• ืช ื• ื—ืฆืจ ืช: 18 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืž ื—ืฆืจ ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ ืื•ื” ื• ืช ืช ื” ืžืงื‘ืจ20 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืจืฅ: ืค ืŸ ื‘ืจืž ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื” ืจืชืž ืž 19 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื”: ื‘ืจืชืžื”: ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจืก ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื ื”: 21 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืœื‘ื ื” ื• ืจืฅ ื• ืŸ ืค ืžืจืžืžืงื”ืœืชื” 23 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืชื”: ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืจืกื” ืž 22 ื•ื™ืกืขื•

ื”: ื—ืจื“ ื‘ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืคืจ ื”ืจึพืฉ ืž 24 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืคืจ: ื‘ื”ืจึพืฉ ื™ื—ื ื• ื•ืžืžืงื”ืœืช 26 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื‘ืžืงื”ืœืช: ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื” ื—ืจื“ ืž 25 ื•ื™ืกืขื•

ื—ืช: ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืช ื•

ื™ืจื—ื ืงื“ืžืื” 3 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืจืขืžืกืก ื‘ืœื™ืจื—ื ื™ื•ืžื ืจื ืขืฉ ื ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื ืคืงื• ืกื—ื ืค ืชืจ ืžื‘ ืงื“ืžืื” ืœ ื› ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืœื™ ื’ ืจื™ืฉ ื‘ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉื™ ื“ ื™ืช ืจื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ 4 ื•ืžืฆืจืื™ ืžืฆืจืื™: ื›ืจื ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ืœ ื‘ ื”ื•ืŸ ื› ืงื˜ืœ ื™ื™ ื‘ืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉ 5 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื™ื ื™ืŸ: ื“ ื™ื™ ืขื‘ื“ 6 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืกื›ืช: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืจืขืžืกืก ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ ื™ ื“ ื‘ืืชื ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื›ืช ืžืกืขืœ ื•ืชื‘ ืžืืชื 7 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืจื: ืžื“ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ ืงื“ื ื™ ื“ ื—ื™ืจืชื ืคื•ื ืจื• ืงื“ื ืžื’ื“ืœ: 8 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืŸ ืคื•ื ื•ืฉืจื ืœืžื“ื‘ ื ื™ืž ื‘ื’ื• ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื™ืจืชื ืจื ืžื“ื‘ ืœืชื ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ ื•ืื–ืœื• ืžื”ืœืš ืชืจื” ืžืจื”: 9 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืž ืจื• ื‘ ื“ืืชื ื•ืฉืจ ืขืฉ ืจื™ ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืืชื• ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืงืœื™ืŸ ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืฉ ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืื™ืœื 10 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืŸ: ืชืžื“ืกื•ืฃ ื ืž ืžื™ 11 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื“ืกื•ืฃ: ื ื™ืž12 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื“ืกื™ืŸ: ืจื ืžื“ื‘ ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉื“ืคืงื”: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื“ืกื™ืŸ ืจื ื“ื‘ ืžืžืืœื•ืฉ: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืคืงื” ืžื“ 13 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืืœื•ืฉ 14 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื™: ืช ื ืœืžืฉ ืŸ ืžื™ื ืœืขืž ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื” ืชืžืจื ืžื“ื‘ ืจื• ื‘ 15 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืจืคื™ื“ื ื•ืฉื“ืกื™ื ื™ ืจื ื“ื‘ ืžืž 16 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื“ืกื™ื ื™: 17 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืืœื™: ื“ืžืฉ ืงื‘ืจื™ ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉื—ืฆืจืช: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืืœื™ ื“ืžืฉ ื‘ืจื™ ืžืงืจืชืžื”: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžื—ืฆืจืช 18 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืจืžืŸ ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืจืชืžื” 19 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืจืฅ ืค ืŸ ืžืจืž 20 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืจืฅ: ืคืจื• ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื” ืžืœ 21 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื”: ื‘ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื” ืžืจืก 22 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื”: ืจืก ื‘ื”ืœืชื” ืžืง 23 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืงื”ืœืชื”: ื‘24 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืคืจ: ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจื ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉื—ืจื“ื”: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืคืจ ื“ืฉ ืžื˜ื•ืจื ืžืงื”ืœืช: ืจื• ื‘ 25 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืฉืชื—ืช: ืจื• ื‘ ืงื”ืœืช ื•ืฉ 26 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืž

2. ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›, ื’ึพื“.

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maSeINumbers 33:3-26

209

6. Exodus 12:37. 7. Ibid. 14:8. 8. Ibid. 12:29. 9. Ibid. 12:12. 10. Ibid. 12:37. 11. Ibid. 13:20. 12. Ibid. 14:2. 13. Ibid. 14:22. 14. Ibid. 15:22-23. 15. Ibid. 15:27. 16. This station is not mentioned in Exodus. 17. Exodus 16:1. 18. This station is not mentioned in Exo-dus. 19. This station is not mentioned by name in Exodus, but the events chronicled in Exodus 16 occurred there. 20. Exodus 17:1. 21. Ibid. 19:1-2. 22. Above, 10:33. 23. Above, 11:1-34; the name is not given until v. 34. 24. Above, 11:35. 25. Above, 12:16. This station is not mentioned by name but referred to as a locale in the Paran desert. 26. This and the following 16 stations are not mentioned explicitly in the historical chronicle (see above, on 20:1).

3 They journeyed from Raamses6 in Nisan, the first month, specifically, on the 15th day of the first month; on the day following the Passover sacrifice, the Isra-elites left triumphantly7 in full view of all the Egyptians.4 And the Egyptians were busy burying their dead, because God had struck down their firstborn,8 and He also destroyed their deities.9

5 The Israelites journeyed from Raamses and camped at Sukot.10

6 They journeyed from Sukot and camped at Eitam, at the edge of the desert.11

7 They journeyed from Eitam and returned to Pi Hachirot, which faces Baโ€™al Tzefon, and camped before Migdol.12

8 They journeyed from Penei Hachirot (an alternative name for Pi Hachirot) and crossed in the midst of the sea to the desert.13 They walked for three days in the desert of Eitam and camped at Marah.14

9 They journeyed from Marah and arrived at Elim, and at Elim there were 12 springs of water and 70 palm trees, and they camped there.15

10 They journeyed from Elim and camped by the Sea of Reeds.16

Second Reading 11 They journeyed from the Sea of Reeds and camped in the Sin desert.17

12 They journeyed from the Sin desert and camped at Dafkah.18

13 They journeyed from Dafkah and camped at Alush.19

14 They journeyed from Alush and camped at Refidim, but there was no water for the people to drink there.20

15 They journeyed from Refidim and camped in the Sinai desert.21

16 They journeyed from the Sinai desert22 and camped at Kivrot Hataโ€™avah.23

17 They journeyed from Kivrot Hataโ€™avah and camped at Chatzerot.24

18 They journeyed from Chatzerot and camped at Ritmah.25 The word ritmah means โ€œslanderโ€; this place was so named because it was here that the spies slan-dered the Land of Israel.19 They journeyed from Ritmah and camped at Rimon Peretz.26

20 They journeyed from Rimon Peretz and camped at Livnah.21 They journeyed from Livnah and camped at Risah.22 They journeyed from Risah and camped at Kehelatah.23 They journeyed from Kehelatah and camped at Mount Shefer.24 They journeyed from Mount Shefer and camped at Charadah.25 They journeyed from Charadah and camped at Makhelot.26 They journeyed from Makhelot and camped at Tachat.

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ืžืกืขื™

ONKELOS

second (Fourth) reading

210

41. Above, on 19:1, from Rashi on Deuteronomy 1:46.

RASHI ื ืขื ื™. ืžืข ื”ื› ืฉ ื™ืงื”: 40 ื•ื™ ื ืฉ ืช ื‘ ืž ื“ ืฉ ื™ ื”'. ืžืœืž 38 ืขืœ ืคืงื• ืœ ืกืช ื  ืฉ ืžื•ืขื”, ื”ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืื”ืจืŸ ื™ืชืช ืž ืฉ ื“ืš ืœืž ืืŸ ื›ืจืืœ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ ื—ื ืœื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื” ืช ื  ืฉ ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืก ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื ื™ ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื. ื™ ืขื™ 44 ื‘ ื•ื›ืชื‘ื”: ื—ื–ืจ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ื"4: ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ ืžื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ื”"3, "ืฉ ืžื•: "ืœืขื™ ื”ืฉ ื™ื, ื› ื•ื’ืœ

ืขื•ืจ ืฉ ื“ืš ืœืž ืืŸ ื› ื™ื. ื˜ ื”ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืžืช ื”ื™ืฉ ื™ืช 49 ืžื‘ืจ ื—ื ื”5: ืจ ื‘ ื” ื‘ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืจ ืžื™ืœ, ื“ ื ื™ื ืขืฉ ืจืืœ ืฉ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื. ื˜ ื”ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื•ื›ื•': ืืชืจื ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื™ ื—ื–ื™ ืœื“ื™ื“ื™

ืžื•: ื™ื "ืื‘ืœ" ืฉ ื˜ ืœ ืฉ ืฉ

ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืจื— ืžืช 28 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืจื—: ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื—ืช ืžืช 27 ื•ื™ืกืขื•

30 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื‘ื—ืฉืžื ื”: ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื” ืžืžืชืง 29 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื”: ื‘ืžืชืงื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืกืจื•ืช ื• ืกืจื•ืช: 31 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืž ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืž ื—ืฉืžื ื” ื• ืž33 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื”ื’ื“ื’ื“: ืจ ื‘ื— ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืŸ ื™ืขืง ืžื‘ื ื™ 32 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืŸ: ื™ืขืงื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืžื™ื˜ื‘ืชื” 34 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืชื”: ื‘ื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื”ื’ื“ื’ื“ ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ: 36 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื’ ืŸ ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื™ ื• ืขื‘ืจื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื ื”: 35 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืฉ: 37 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื ืงื“ ืŸ ื” ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจึพืฆ ืขืฆื™ ืžืŸ ืŸ ื”ื›ื” ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื ืจืฅ ืื“ื•ื: 38 ื•ื™ ื” ื ืจ ื‘ืงืฆ ืจ ื”ื” ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉื ื•ื™ืžืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ ืขืœึพืค ื”ื”ืจ ืจ ืืœึพื”ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉ ื” ื“ืฉ ื‘ื— ื™ื ืžืฆืจ ืจืฅ ืžื ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ืช ืฉื ื” ื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืขืฉืจ ืŸ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืœืฉ ื”ืจ ื“ืฉ: 39 ื•ื ื“ ืœื— ื‘ืื—

ืจ:โ€‚ืก ืจ ื”ื” ื‘ืžืชื• ื‘ื”ืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืึพื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ื‘ื ืœืš ืขืจ ืขื ื™ ืž ื›ื  ืข ื” 40 ื•ื™ืฉืž

ื‘ืฆืœืžื ื”: ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ื”ื”ืจ ืจ ืžื” 41 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืœ: ื™ืฉืจื ื‘ื ื™ ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืŸ ืžืคื•ื  43 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืŸ: ื‘ืคื•ื  ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืžืฆืœืžื ื” 42 ื•ื™ืกืขื•

ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ ื™ื—ื ื• ื• ืช ืื‘ ืž 44 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืช: ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืŸ ื’ื“: 46 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžื“ื™ื‘ ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ ืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘: 45 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืž ืžื•ืื™ืžื” ืŸ ื“ื‘ืœืช ืขืœืž ื™ืžื”: 47 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืž ืŸ ื“ื‘ืœืช ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืœืž ื’ื“ ื•ื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ื™ ื” ื”ืจ ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื ื‘ื•: 48 ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืž ืขื‘ืจ ื™ ื” ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ืขืœึพื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ 49 ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื™ืจื—ื•: ืŸ ื™ืจื“ ืœ ืข ื‘ ืช ืžื•ื ืจื‘ ื‘ืข ื™ื—ื ื• ื•

ื‘:โ€‚ืก ืช ืžื•ื ืจื‘ ื™ื ื‘ืข ื“ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ ืช ืข ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืž

ืชืจื—: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื—ืช ืžืช 27 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืชืงื”: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืจื— ืžืช 28 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื ื”: ื—ืฉ ืจื• ื‘ ืชืงื” ื•ืฉ 29 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืžืžืกืจื•ืช: ืจื• ื‘ ืžื ื” ื•ืฉ 30 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืžืกืจื•ืช 31 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื™ืขืงืŸ ื ื™ ืžื‘ 32 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื™ืขืงืŸ: ื“ ื“ื’ ื“: 33 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื—ืจ ื”ื’ ื“ื’ ื—ืจ ื”ื’ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืชื” ื™ื˜ื‘ืชื”: 34 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื™ ืจื• ื‘ ื•ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื”: 35 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืขื‘ืจื ื” ืจื• ื‘ ื•ืฉื‘ืจ: 36 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืขืฆื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืŸ ื’ ืจื• ื‘ ื•ืฉืจื ื“ืฆืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืงื: ืจื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉ ื’ื”ืจ ื˜ื•ืจื ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืจืงื 37 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• 38 ื•ืกืœืง ื“ืื“ื•ื: ืืจืขื ืกื™ืคื™ ื‘ื”ื ื ืœื”ืจ ื˜ื•ืจื ืขืœ ืžื™ืžืจื ืื”ืจืŸ ื›ืง ืขื™ืŸ ืœืžืค ื ืช ืืจื‘ ืฉ ืŸ ื‘ ืž ื“ื™ื™ ื•ืžื™ืช ืชื“ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืืจืขื ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืจื—ื: ื—ื“ ื‘ ืื” ื—ืžื™ืฉ ื™ืจื—ื ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืขืฉ ืžืื” ืจ ื‘ 39 ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื: ื”ืจ ื‘ ืžื™ืช ื“ ื› ื ื™ืŸ ืฉ ื•ืชืœืช ื“ืขืจื“ ื ืžืœื› ื ืขื ืื” ื› ืžืข 40 ื•ืฉืืจืขื ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื•ืžื ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ ื‘ืจืืœ: 41 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื”ืจ ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ ื‘42 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืฆืœืžื ื”: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจื 43 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืคื•ื ืŸ: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืœืžื ื” ืžืฆ44 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืื‘ืช: ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ืžืคื•ื ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ืžื’ื–ืช ืขื‘ืจืื™ ื‘ ืจื• ื‘ ืžืื‘ืช ื•ืฉืจื• ื•ืฉ ืชื ื’ื– ืžืž 45 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื•ืื‘: ื“ ื’ ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ 46 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื“: ื’ ื“ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืชื™ืžื”: 47 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืœืžืŸ ื“ ืจื• ื‘ ื•ืฉื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™ืžื” ื“ ืžืขืœืžืŸ 48 ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื ื‘ื•: ืงื“ื ื“ ื“ืขื‘ืจืื™ ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉ ื‘ ืจื• ื•ืฉ ื“ืขื‘ืจืื™ ืžื˜ื•ืจื™ ืจื• ื ื ื“ื™ืจื—ื•: 49 ื•ืฉ ื“ืžื•ืื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืจื“ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ืžื™ืฉ ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื ื ืžื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืจื“

ืจื™ื ื“ืžื•ืื‘: ืžื™ืฉ ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื˜ ืฉ

3. ืžื™ื›ื” ื, ื•. 4. ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื˜, ื. 5. ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื”, ื‘.

2449 to 2468),41 so, in the remaining 19 years (between 2469 and 2487), they camped at only 20 stations. They thus spent an average of a year at each of these stations.

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maSeINumbers 33:27-49

210

27. Above, 20:1. 28. Above, 20:22. 29. Above, on 20:26. 30. Above, 20:23-29. 31. See above, 21:1-3. 32. Above, 21:4; it is not men-tioned there by name. 33. This is where the incident of the snakes occurred (above, 21:4-9), although it is not mentioned by name in the chronicle of the incident. 34. Above, 21:10. 35. Above, 21:11. 36. Above, 21:12; it is not mentioned there by name. 37. Above, 21:13; it is not mentioned there by name. 38. Above, 21:32; it is not mentioned there by name. 39. Above, 22:1, 27:12. 40. Above, 25:1.

27 They journeyed from Tachat and camped at Tarach.28 They journeyed from Tarach and camped at Mitkah.29 They journeyed from Mitkah and camped at Chashmonah.30 They journeyed from Chashmonah and camped at Moserot.31 They journeyed from Moserot and camped at Benei Yaakan.32 They journeyed from Benei Yaakan and camped at Chor Hagidgad.33 They journeyed from Chor Hagidgad and camped at Yotvatah.34 They journeyed from Yotvatah and camped at Avronah.35 They journeyed from Avronah and camped at Etzion Gever.36 They journeyed from Etzion Gever and camped in the desert of Tzin, at the city of Kadesh.27

37 They journeyed from Kadesh and camped at Mount Hor,28 at the edge of Edom.38 Aaron the priest ascended Mount Hor at Godโ€™s bidding and died there โ€œby Godโ€™s kiss,โ€29 on the first day of Av, the fifth month, in the 40th year of the Israel-itesโ€™ exodus from Egypt.30

39 Aaron was 123 years old when he died at Mount Hor.40 After Aaron died, the Amalekite king of Arad, disguised as a Canaanite, who dwelt in the south of Canaan, heard that Aaron died when the Israelites came to Mount Hor, and therefore attacked them.31

41 They journeyed from Mount Hor and camped at Tzalmonah.32

42 They journeyed from Tzalmonah and camped at Punon.33

43 They journeyed from Punon and camped at Ovot.34

44 They journeyed from Ovot and camped by the ruins of the passes,35 on the Moabite boundary.45 They journeyed from the ruins of the passes and camped at Divon Gad.36

46 They journeyed from Divon Gad and camped at Almon Divlataimah.37

47 They journeyed from Almon Divlataimah and camped at The Mountains of the Passes, in front of Nebo.38

48 They journeyed from The Mountains of the Passes and camped in the plains of Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho.39

49 They camped along the Jordan; their encampment extended from Beit Yeshimot to Avel, the plain of Shitim,40 in the plains of Moab, a distance of 24,000 cubits. From this chronicle, it is clear that God did not exhaust the people by making them wan-der continuously during the 38 years between the sin of the spies and the entry into the land. Of the 42 stations, 14 occurred between the Exodus (the 15th of Nisan, 2448) and the decree (the 9th of Av, 2449), and 8 between Kadesh (the 1st of Nisan, 2487) and the plains of Moab (after Tishrei, 2488). The people spent 19 years at Ritmah (from

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ืžืกืขื™

ONKELOS

third (FiFth) reading

211

RASHI ื•ื’ื•'. ื ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื’ื•' ืŸ ืจื“ ื”ื™ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื ืืช ื™ 51 ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื ื› ืš? ืืœ ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ืขืœ ื› ืž ื•ื”ืœื ื›ืŸ ื› ืžื ืช ืขืœ ื”, ืฉ ื‘ ื™ ื‘ ืŸ ืจื“ ื™ ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืืช ืฉ "ื› ื”: ืžืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืืชื›ื". ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ ืžื™ื โ€” ืœืื• ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจื•, ืชื. ืช ืŸ: 52 ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉ ืจื“ ื™ ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ ืข ื‘ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื ืชื”ื•ืŸ", ืขืœ ืฉ ื™ืช ืกื’ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: "ื‘ ื™ืชื. ื› ื› ื: ืžืฉ ืช ื•ื’ืจืฉื™ืฉ ืฉ ืœ ืฉ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืช ืจืฆืค ื‘ ืจืงืข ื”ืง ืืช ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกื› ื”ื™ื• ืฉื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื› ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคืฉ ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ืช ืœื”ืฉืขืœื™ื”"6: ื—ื•ืช ืช ืœื”ืฉ ืืจืฆื›ื ื‘ ื ื• ืชืช ืœื ื™ืช ื› ืžืฉ "ื•ืื‘ืŸ ืืช ื ืช 53 ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉ ื›ืชื”ื•ืŸ": "ืžืช ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: ื› ื›ืชื. ืžืกื”" ื‘ ื ื‘ืช "ื•ื™ืฉ ื•ืื– ื‘ื™ื”, ืžื™ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”, ื•ืื ืœืื• โ€” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ื โ€” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ื ื‘ื”. ืžืงืจื ืงืฆืจ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” โ€” ืž ืจ ื™ืฆื ืœื• ืฉ ื”: 54 ืืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื”: ืœืžื˜ื•ืช ืž ืจ ื™ืฆื ืœื• ืฉ ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืฉื ื™ื ืฉ ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ: ื‘ ื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื“ ืื‘ืชื™ื›ื. ืœืคื™ ื—ืฉ

ืชื•ืชื™ืจื• ืจ ืืฉ 55 ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื: ื”ืฉ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื› ื‘ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื’ ืจ ืขืฉืœื™ืชื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื. ื‘ ื™ื ื› ืœืฉ ืœืจืขื”: ืœื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื. ื™ื": ื› "ืฉ โ€” "ื™ืชื“ื•ืช"7 ืœ ืฉ ืจื’ื•ื ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื ืงืงื•ืฆื™ื, ืžืกื•ื›ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ืœืฆื ื™ื ื. ื•ื‘ื: ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ื•ืœื›ืœื ืœืกื’ืจ ืืชื›ื ื”ืกื•ื›ื›ืช ืคืœ ืœื›ื ืจ ืช ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: 2 ื–ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉ ื•ืฆืจืจื• ืืชื›ื. ื›ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื‘ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื•ื’ื•'. ืจื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื’ ืžืฆืจื ื™ ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฆืจืš ืœืืจืฅ, ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ืž ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ืœื• ื”ืœ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื’ ืžืŸ ืœืš: ืœื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื‘ ืงื” ืชื—ืœ ื  ืฉ ื ืฉ ืœื›ื. ืขืœ ืคืœ ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช: ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืื•ืžืจ8: ื“ื” ืื’ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ "ื ืคื™ืœื”". ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื” ื—ืœืงื‘ืขื” ืืžื•ืช ืžืŸ ืœ ืฉ ืจื™ื”ื ืฉ ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉ ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ ื™ืœ ื”ืง ื”ืค ืฉื”ื ื‘ ืื™ืŸ "ืจืื”, ืœื•: ืืžืจ ื”, ืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื›ืคืชืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืฉ

ื—": ืขื•ื“ ื›

ื” ืืœึพืžืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื” 50 ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ( )ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

ืืœึพื‘ื ื™ 51 ื“ื‘ืจ ืจ: ืœืืž ื™ืจื—ื• ืŸ ืขืœึพื™ืจื“ ื‘ ืžื•ื ืช ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืŸ ืืœึพ ื™ื ืืชึพื”ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืจ ื ืข ื™ ืืช ืžืจืช ืืœื”ื ื› ืœ ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืื ืžืคื ื™ื› ืจืฅ ื”ื ืืชึพื›ืœึพื™ืฉื‘ื™ ื 52 ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืช ืขืŸ: ื›ื  ืจืฅ ืื›ืชื ืžืก ื™ ื›ืœึพืฆืœืž ืช ื•ื ื ื›ืœึพืžืฉื›ื™ืช ืช ื ื ื‘ื“ืช ื•ืืืชึพ ื 53 ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื“ื•: ืชืฉืž ื ืžื•ืช ื›ืœึพื‘ ืช ื•ื ื“ื• ืชืื‘

ืฉืช ืœืจ ืจืฅ ืืชึพื”ื ืชื™ ื ืช ืœื›ื ื™ ื› ื™ืฉื‘ืชืึพื‘ื” ื• ืจืฅ ื”ืื ืชื™ื› ืœืžืฉืคื— ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืจ ืจืฅ ืืชึพื”ื ื—ืœืชื 54 ื•ื”ืชื  ื”: ืืชืืœ ื—ืœืชื• ืืชึพื  ื™ื˜ ืชืžืข ื•ืœืžืขื˜ ื—ืœืชื• ืืชึพื  ืชืจื‘ื• ื‘ ืœืจื ืชื™ื› ืื‘ ืœืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ ืœื• ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื ืืฉืจึพื™ืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ื›ื ื™ืฉื• ืืชึพื™ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื ืœื•: 55 ื•ืืึพืœื ืชื•ืจ ืชืชื ื—ื ื•ืœืฆื ื™ื  ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื› ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื ืžื” ื™ืจื• ืชื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”: ื™ื ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื‘ ืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืช ื ืขืœึพื”ื ืจืจื• ืืชื› ื‘ืฆื“ื™ื›ื ื•ืฆ

ื:โ€‚ืค ืขืฉื” ืœื› ื ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืœื” ื™ืชื™ ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ืž ื” ื› 56 ื•ื”ื™

ื• ืืชึพื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจ: 2 ืฆ 34:1 ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœึพืžืฉื” ืœืืž

ืืช ื– ื›ื ืขืŸ ืจืฅ ืืœึพื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื ื™ึพืืช ื› ื ืืœื” ืžืจืช ื•ืื™ื”: ืœืช ืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœื’ื‘ ื” ื ื—ืœ ืœ ืœื›ื ื‘ื  ืจ ืชืค ืจืฅ ืืฉ ื”ื

ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉ ื‘ ื” ืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ ื™ืœ 50 ื•ืžืœืœืžื™ืžืจ: ื“ื™ืจื—ื• ื ื ื™ืจื“ ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ืชื™ืžืจ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืขื ืœ 51 ืžืœื ื ื™ืจื“ ื™ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืืชื•ืŸ ืืจื™ ืœื”ื•ืŸ 52 ื•ืชืชืจื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ: ืœืืจืขื ืงื“ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืืจืขื ื™ืชื‘ื™ ืœ ื› ื™ืช ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ื™ืช ืกื’ื“ ืœ ื‘ ื“ื•ืŸ ื™ืช ื› ื•ืชืื‘ื•ื™ืช ื“ื•ืŸ ืื‘ ืช ื›ืชื”ื•ืŸ ืžืช ืฆืœืžื™ ืœ ื›53 ื•ืชืชืจื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืŸ: ืฉ ืช ืžืชื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ ืœ ื›ืืจื™ ื” ื‘ ื•ืชื™ืชื‘ื•ืŸ ืืจืขื ื™ืชื‘ื™ ื™ืช ืœืžื™ืจืช ืืจืขื ื™ืช ื™ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืืจืขื ื™ืช 54 ื•ืชื—ืกื ื•ืŸ ื™ืชื”: ืกื’ื•ืŸ ืช ื™ืื™ ืœืกื’ ืœื–ืจืขื™ืชื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ื‘ื ื–ืขืจื•ืŸ ืช ื•ืœื–ืขื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืื—ืกื ืช ื™ืช ืŸ ืž ืช ืœื” ืœื“ื™ืคื•ืง ื”ื•ืŸ ืื—ืกื ืช ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ ืื‘ื”ืชื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื” ื™ื”ื™ ืœืฉ ืขื“ื‘ื ื“ื™ืช ืชืชืจื›ื•ืŸ ืœื 55 ื•ืื ื—ืกื ื•ืŸ: ืชื™ ื“ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืงื“ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืืจืขื ื™ืชื‘ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืœืŸ ืœืกื™ืขืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื  ืืจื•ืŸ ืชืฉืคื ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืง ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœืžืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืชื•ืŸ ื™ ื“ ืืจืขื ืขืœ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืขื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื ื› 56 ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”: ื‘ ื™ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืขื‘ ื—ืฉืœืžื™ืžืจ: ื” ืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ ื™ืœ 34:1 ื•ืžืœืจืืœ ื•ืชื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ ื™ืช ื‘ ืง 2 ืคื ืืจื™ ืืชื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืŸ ืœืืจืขื ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ ื“ืื—ืกื ื ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ ืชืชืค ื™ ื“ ืืจืขื

ืืจืขื ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœืชื—ื•ืžื”ื:

6. ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ื. 7. ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื—, ื›. 8. ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื“.

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42. Exodus 23:27-33, 34:11 ff. 43. Above 26:52-56.

Occupying the LandThird Reading (Fifth when combined) 50 God spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho, saying:

51 โ€œAlthough you have already told the people that they will have to expel the present population from Canaan,42 speak to the Israelites now and say to them: โ€˜When you cross the Jordan into Canaan,

52 you shall do so with the express intention to drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, or else the waters of the Jordan will engulf you and kill you. You must destroy all their marble-floored temples, destroy their molten idols, and demolish their altars.

53 If you indeed clear out the land of its present inhabitants, you will successfully settle it, for I have given you the land to occupy it.

54 You shall be privileged to give the land as an inheritance to your families by lot, as I have told you:43 you shall give a larger inheritance to the large tribe and you shall give a smaller inheritance to the small tribe; wherever the lot falls for a person, that shall be his inheritance; you shall inherit according to the tribes of your fathers who came out of Egypt, and furthermore, you shall inherit the land in 12 districts, according to the tribes of your fathers.

55 But if you do not completely drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then those whom you leave over will become as vexing as spikes in your eyes and will cage you in like a hedge of thorns on all your sides, and they will harass you in those areas of the land in which you settle.

56 And it will be that what I had intended to do to them, I will do to you.โ€™ โ€

The Boundaries of the Land34:1 God spoke to Moses, saying:

2 โ€œCommand the Israelites and say to them, โ€˜When you arrive in Canaan, this is the land which shall fall to you by lot as an inheritance, Canaan according to its borders. As you know, there are certain commandments that you are obligated to fulfill only within your land but not outside of it. It is specifically within the fol-lowing borders that you are obligated to fulfill those commandments. It will fall easily to you, for I have incapacitated the guardian angels of the seven nations that occupy it.

Page 18: Parshat Masei - chabad.org

ืžืกืขื™

ONKELOS

third (FiFth) reading

212

RASHI ื–ืจื— ื”ืž ืžืŸ ืจ ืืฉ ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื“ ืจื•ื— ื ื’ื‘. ืืช ืค ืœื›ื 3 ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจ ืืฆืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืžืชื—ืœืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจ ืฆืŸ. ืืฉ ื“ื‘ ืขืจื‘: ืžืž ืœืžืœืฉ ื™ืฆื“? ืฉ ื˜ื•ืช. ื› ืขืช ื”ืž ืฉ ืœ ืืจืฅ ืช ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉ ื“ื–ื•: ืืฆืœ ื–ื• ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืœ ืฉ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ื‘ ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื” ืœ ื”, ื•ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืื‘ ื› ืœ ืงืฆืช ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืืจืฅ ืื“ื•ื ื›ืืžืจ ื  ืฉ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืจืฅ โ€”ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื ื—ืœื” "ืžืขืฆืžื•ืŸ ื–ื•: ื” ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœ ื› ื ื™ ืค ืขืœ ืš ืžื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ื—ืœ ื”". ืž ื”ื™ืžืฆืจื™ื"9, ื ื™ ืค ืขืœ ืจ ืืฉ ื™ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฉ "ืžืŸ ืืžืจ: ื  ืฉ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื“ื•ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื•ืžืคืกื™ืง ืกื•ืฃ ื–ืจื—, ื•ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืื‘ ืืฆืœ ืืจืฅ ืื“ื•ื ื‘ ืืฆืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืจืฆื” ืื ืฆืจื™ื, ืžืž ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืฆืื• ื™ ื•ื›ืฉ ื–ืจื—. ืœืž ืจื•ื ื”ื“ืืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื ื”ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ, ื ื™ืกืชื ื› ืืช ืœืงืจื‘ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื” ื›ืŸ. ืจืืœ, ื•ืœื ืขืฉ ื™ืœื•ืก ืœืฆื“ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื™ื"10, ืช ืœืฉ ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืค ืืžืจ: "ื•ืœื ื ื—ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื“ ื  ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืขืŸ โ€” ื› ืœ ืืจืฅ ื› ืžืขืจื‘ื” ืฉ ื ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉ ืฉืจืชื™ื"11 โ€” ื•ืœื ื ื’ื•ื™ ื› ื‘ื™ ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ ื™ื: "ื™ืฉ ืช ืœืฉ ืค ืืžืจ ื‘ ื  ืฉืจื•ืžื” ืืœ ืจืš ื“ ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื“ ื ื”ืกื‘ ืจืš, ืืœ ื ื—ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื™ื"12, ืœืคื™ ืจ ื”ืขืž ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ: "ืžื“ื‘ ืจืื• ืง ืฉ ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ ื”ืžืจื•ืžื” ื“ ืืฆืœ ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื•, ื‘ ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฉ ืืžื•ืช ื” ืž ื› ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉ ืœื“ืจื•ืžื” ืื• ื‘ ืฉ ืขื“ ืžื™ื“, ืช ืžื–ืจื— ื™ ืœืค ื› ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืŸ ืืจืฆื• ื ืก ื‘ ื™ื—ื ืœื”ื› ื  ื™ ืœืš ืื“ื•ื ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืื“ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžืžื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื• ื•ืœื ืจืฆื”. ืœืืจืฅ, ื ืก ื•ืœื”ื› ื” ืจื—ื‘ ืจืš ื“ ื•ืœืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืžื” ืื• ื‘ ืฉ ืขื“ ืื“ื•ื, ืœ ืฉ ืจื•ืžื” ื“ ืœ ื› ืืช ืœืกื‘ื‘

ืœื— ื•ืœื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื’ื ืืœ ืžืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ืฉ ื  ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืื‘, ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื” ืœ ืžื•ืื‘ ืฉ ืจื•ืžื” ื“ ืœ ื› ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ืื‘ื”"13. ื” ืœ ืฉ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžืฆืจ ืœ ื› ื‘ื‘ื• ืก ืฉ ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ, ืœืฆ ื ื™ื”ื ืค ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื• ืืช ืžื–ืจื—ื”, ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืืจืฅ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื’, ื› ื”; ื•ื›ืฉ ืœืจื—ื‘ืžืคืกื™ืง ืŸ ืจื“ ื•ื”ื™ ื ืขืŸ ื› ืืจืฅ ืœ ืฉ ืžื–ืจื—ื” ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืช ืกื‘ ื•ื™ ืจ ื“ื‘ ืž ื‘ ืœืš "ื•ื™ ื—: ื™ืคืช ื‘ ืืžืจ ื  ืฉ ื•ื–ื”ื• ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžืฉ ืœืืจืฅ ื–ืจื— ืฉ ื‘ื ืžืž ืืจืฅ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืืช ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืื‘, ื•ื™ืฆืคื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ ืžื•ืื‘"14. ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ืืจืฅ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื’, ืฉืžืงืฆื•ืข ื ื’ื“ ื› ื•ื”ื•ื ืŸ, ืจื“ ื”ื™ ืขื“ ื•ืงืจื‘ื• ืžื•ืื‘. ืืจืฅ ืœ ืฉื ืขืŸ ื› ืืจืฅ ืฉ ื ืžืฆื, ืžื•ืื‘. ืืจืฅ ืœ ืฉ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืŸ ืœืžืขืจื‘ โ€” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื“ ืจื“ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ ื‘ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ื’ื‘ ืžื  ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื’ ืœื›ื 4 ื•ื ืกื‘ ืื“ื•ื: ืืฆืœ ื” ืœ ืฉื“ ืžืœืž "ื•ื™ืฆื" ืื• "ื•ื ืกื‘" ืืžืจ ื  ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœ ื› ื™ื. ืขืงืจื‘ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืฅ โ€” ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื” ืืœ ืฆืจ ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืž ืฉืœืžืขืจื‘ ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ ืขื•ืœื ืœ ืฉ ืฆืคื•ื ื• ืœืฆื“ ื•ืขื•ืงื ืฆืจ ื”ืžื ืžืฆื ื™ื. ืขืงืจื‘ ืžืขืœื” ืœ ืฉ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ื‘ ืฆืจ ื”ืž ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื• ืฆืจ: ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืฆื ื”. ืืœ ืฆืŸ, ื› ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืž ืžืขืœื” ืขืงืจื‘ืœ ืงื“ืฉ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ืฉ "ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”": ื•ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ื•. ืงืฆื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืœืฆื“ ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืฆืจ ื”ืž ื˜ ืฉ ืžืชืค ืจ. ืื“ ื—ืฆืจ ื•ื™ืฆื ืจื ืข: ื‘ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื ืœื• ื‘ ืš ืขื•ื“ ื•ื ืžืฉ ืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืฉื ืœื ื—ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืœืขืฆืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉ ืจ, ื•ืžืฉ ืœื—ืฆืจ ืื“ืจ" โ€” ืื“ ื—ืฆืจ "ื•ื™ืฆื ืชื‘ ื› ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืืŸ, ื› ื”ืืžื•ืจ "ื•ื ืกื‘" ืจื ืข, ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืฉ ืฉืจื ืข ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื•ืŸ, ื“ืฉ ื‘ ืœื˜ื” ืœืฆื“ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืง ื‘ ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืฉ

ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืขืœึพื™ื“ ืŸ ืžืžื“ื‘ืจึพืฆ ืคืืชึพื ื’ื‘ ืœื›ื ื” 3 ื•ื”ื™ืœื›ื 4 ื•ื ืกื‘ ื“ืžื”: ืง ืœื— ื™ืึพื”ืž ืžืงืฆื” ื’ื‘ ื  ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื›ื }ื•ื”ื™ื•{ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื” ืฆ ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืงืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœื” ืœืž ื’ื‘ ืžื  ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืจ ื—ืฆืจึพืื“ ื•ื™ืฆื ื‘ืจื ืข ืœืงื“ืฉ ืžื ื’ื‘ ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืืชื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ื ืžืฆืจ ื ื—ืœื” ืขืฆืžื•ืŸ ืž ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ 5 ื•ื ืกื‘ ื ื”: ืขืฆืžื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื• ื”ื™ืžื”: 6 ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ ืชื•ืฆืืชื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืŸึพ ื”ื™ื” ืœื› ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื: 7 ื•ื–ื”ึพื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื› ื–ื”ึพื™ืชืชืื• ืจ ื”ื” ืจ 8 ืžื” ืจ: ื”ื” ืจ ื” ื ืœื› ืชืชืื• ืœ ื”ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืœ 9 ื•ื™ืฆื ื“ื”: ืฆื“ ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ืช ืชื•ืฆื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืช ื—ืž ื ืœื‘ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ: ื”ื™ื” ืœื› ื™ื• ื—ืฆืจ ืขื™ื ืŸ ื–ื”ึพื™ ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืืช ื–ืคืจ

ืžื”: ื—ืฆืจ ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืค ื“ืžื” ืž ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืง ื ืœื› 10 ื•ื”ืชืื•ื™ืช

ืจื ื“ื‘ ืจื•ืžื ืžืž 3 ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื— ื“ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื—ื•ืžื™ ืช ืขืœ ื“ืฆืŸ ื“ืžืœื—ื ื ื™ืž ื™ืคื™ ืžืก ืจื•ืžื ื“ ื—ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืžื ืช ืœื›ื•ืŸ 4 ื•ื™ืกื—ืจ ืงื“ื•ืžื: ืจ ื™ื ื•ื™ืขื‘ ืงื ื ื“ืขืงืจื‘ ืจื•ืžื ืœืžืก ืžื“ืจื•ืžื ืœืจืงื ืงื ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ ืœืฆืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืคืจ ื•ื™ืขื‘ ืจ ืื“ ืœื—ืฆืจ ื•ื™ืคื•ืง ื™ืื” ื’ื—ื•ืžื ืžืขืฆืžื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื•ืŸ: 5 ื•ื™ืกื—ืจ ืชืงื ื•ื”ื™ ืžืค ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื ื—ืœื ื: 6 ื•ืชื—ื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืžืœื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ื™ืŸ ื“ ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื” ื ืจื‘ ื ื™ืžืœื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ 7 ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื: ื—ื•ื ืชื ื•ืŸ ื›ื• ืช ื ืจื‘ ื ื™ืž ืžืŸ ืฆืคื•ื ื ื—ื•ื ืชื˜ื•ืจื 8 ืžื”ืจ ื˜ื•ืจื: ืœื”ืจ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืงื ื•ื”ื™ ืžืค ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื—ืžืช ืœืžื˜ื™ ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื• ืชื—ื•ืžื ืช 9 ื•ื™ืคื•ืง ืœืฆื“ื“: ื“ืชื—ื•ืžื ืœื—ืฆืจ ืงื ื•ื”ื™ ืžืค ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื–ืคืจื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื ื: ื—ื•ื ืช ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ื™ืŸ ื“ ืขื™ื ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืžื ืœืชื—ื•ื ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ 10 ื•ืชื›ื•

ืคื: ืžื—ืฆืจ ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืฉ

9. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื’, ื’. 10. ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื™ื–. 11. ืฆืคื ื™ื” ื‘, ื”. 12. ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›, ืœื”. 13. ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื–. 14. ืฉื, ื™ื—.

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44. Rashi on Joshua 13:3. 45. This is not the same Mount Hor where Aaron died (above, 20:22).

RASHI

ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ื ืœื• ืฆืจ ื•ื ืกื‘ ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ ืจ ื”ืž ื ื•ื”ืœืื” ื ืชืงืฆ ื•ืžืฉื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆ ื, ืฉ ืขืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื™ ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืž ืœื ื—ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ื—ืœ ื  ืฉ ื ืžืฆื, ืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืœ ื› ืœ ืฉ ืžืขืจื‘ื” ื”. ืืœ ืž ืจื•ืžื™ืช: 5 ื•ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ื• ื”ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื•ืœ ื ื’ื‘ ืžืืจื™ืš ืœืฆื“ ื”ืž ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื’ ืขืจื‘, ืฉ ืžืฆืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœืื”: 6 ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื. ื•ืžืฆืจ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืžื”ื•?: ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื™ื, ืืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ืš ื‘ ืฉ ื™ืŸ ืก ื”ื  ื“ื•ืœ. ืœืžืฆืจ: ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื‘ื•ืœ 7 ื’ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉืœื™"ืฉ: ืฉ ื™ื ืื™ ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ืœ, ื”ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืื• ืœื›ื ื”ืจ ื”ื”ืจ. ืฉ ืช ื“ืœ ื”ื’ ื ื”ื™ ืžืฆืจ ืฆืคื•ืŸ: ืžืŸ ื™ืข ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืค ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืจืืฉื• ืžืฉ ื‘ืชืื•. ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•: ืช ื”ื™ืชืื•. ืคื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื”ืจ: ืช ืขืจื‘ ืœืฆ ืขื• ืœื›ื ืœื ื˜ืช ืžืž ืค ืฉ ืชืขืจ"16 โ€” ื ื”ืจืฆื™ื"15, "ื•ืชืื™ ื”ืฉ ืžื•: "ืืœ ืช ื”, ื› ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘

ืข: 8 ืžื”ืจ ืค ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื‘ ื•ืžืฉ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืคื™ื ื“ื™"ืฅ, ืฉ ืฆื™ืข, ืฉ ื”ื™ืขื• ื–ืจื—, ื•ืชืคื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืž ืกื‘ื• ื•ืชืœื›ื• ืืœ ืžืฆืจ ื”ืฆ ื”ื”ืจ. ืชื‘ื•ืœ. ื”ื’ ื‘ืœ. ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื’ ืชื•ืฆืืช ืื ื˜ื•ื›ื™ื: ื–ื• ื—ืžืช, ืœื‘ื ื‘ืœื” ืฆืจ ื› ื‘ื•ืœ" โ€” ืื• ื”ืž ืืžืจ: "ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ ื  ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉ ื›ื˜ ืฉ ืžืชืค ื ืžืฉ ืื• ืœืœ, ื› ืŸ ืœื”ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ ืŸ ืœื”ืœ ืš ืฉ ืœื”ืž ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืงืจืื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื” ื“ ื”ืž ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืžืŸ ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ื• 9 ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”: ืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื” ื› ื ืฉ ืฉ "ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช", ืคื•ื ื™, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื—ืฆืจ ืฆืจ ื”ืฆ ื—ืฆืจ ืขื™ื ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืชื "ื•ื”ืชืื• โ€” ื ื•ืžืฉ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ ืขื™ื ืŸ ื” ื”ืกื‘ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืชื. 10 ื•ื”ืชืื• ื–ืจื—ื™: ื”ืž ืžืฆืจ ืืœ ืœื›ื" ื ื•ืžืฉ ื–ืจื—ื™, ื”ืž ืฆืจ ืž ื‘ ืคืžื”. ืฉ ืชืื•": "ืช ืžื• ื› ื”, ื•ื ื˜ื™

ื”ืจื‘ืœื”:

15. ื“ื‘ื”"ื‘ ื™ื‘, ื™ื. 16. ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืž, ื™.

3 Your landโ€™s southernmost side shall be from the desert of Tzin, which is along-side Edom, westward, as follows: The southern border shall begin from the south-ernmost edge of the Salt Sea, i.e., the Dead Sea, to the east, i.e., on the southeast shore of the Dead Sea.4 The border will then turn southward and pass to the south of Maโ€™aleh Akrabim and pass toward Tzin. Its southernmost extension shall be to the south of Kadesh Barnea, because it shall extend to Chatzar Adar and from there pass toward Atzmon.5 The border will then turn northwest from Atzmon and continue to the stream of Egypt, i.e., the Nile,44 following it, and its end shall be where the stream of Egypt flows into the Mediterranean Sea.6 Your landโ€™s western border shall be the Great Seaโ€”the Mediterraneanโ€”and the islands close to the shore will also be within this border. This shall be your western border.7 This shall be your northern border: From the Mediterranean Sea draw a slant-ing line from the seaward extension of Mount Hor45โ€”where the northwest border beginsโ€”to Mount Hor itself.8 From Mount Hor draw a slanting line eastward until the entrance of Chamat, which is Antioch, and the end of this leg of the northern border shall extend to Tzedad.9 From there, an additional leg of the northern border shall extend to Zifron, and its end shall be Chatzar Einan; this shall be your northern border.10 You shall then draw a slanting line for the eastern border, from Chatzar Einan to Shefam.

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ONKELOS

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RASHI ืžื–ืจื—ื•. ื ืžืฆื ืฆืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ ื ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื”ืž ื“ื ืœืขื™ืŸ. ืฉ 11 ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืจืืœ ื”ื•ื: ื•ื™ืจื“ ื”ื’ ืฆืจ, ื•ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš: ื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืฆ ื”ื’ ืœ ืฉ ื›ืจืช ืชื•ืš ื  ื”ื ื™ื ื› ื™ ืจืช ืงื“ืžื”. ืฉ ื  ืชืฃ. ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ: ื™ื ื› ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืืœ ืจืช, ื•ืžืฉ ื  ืžื–ืจื— ื™ื ื› ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ ืขืจื‘, ื•ื”ื’ ืž ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ ืœื’ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ, ื‘ ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื“ ืš ื•ื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆ ืŸ ืžื•ืฉ ืจื“ ื•ื”ื™ ืŸ, ืจื“ ื”ื™ืจืช ื  ื ื’ื“ ื™ื ื› ื ืขืŸ ื› ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืฆื“ ืืจืฅ ื›ืจืช ื  ื› ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื› ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ืœ ืฉ ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืœืฆื“ ืš ื•ืžื•ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื’ ืœื” ื› ื ื•ืžืฉ ืœื—, ื”ืž ื™ื ื‘ ื ื•ืคืœ ืฉ ืขื“ ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืฆืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื ื• ืž ืž ืฉ ืœื—, ื”ืž ื™ื ืืœ ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”: 15 ืงื“ืžื” ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืืจื‘

ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ืฉ ื–ืจื—, ืž ื‘ ื”ื ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ื™ ืค ืืœ ืžื–ืจื—ื”. ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืจื•ื ื“ ืœืคื™ื›ืš "ืื—ื•ืจ", ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื ื™ื" "ืค ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืœ ื› ื‘ื™ืœื›ื. ืฉ ื‘ ืœื›ื. ื™ื ื—ืœื• ืจ 17 ืืฉ ืžืืœ: ืœืฉ ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ ืง ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•, ื•ืžื—ืœ ื™ื ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ืœืฉ ื™ื ื•ื ืฉ ื ืฉื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ืค ืœืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื. ื•ืœื ืื•ื ืฉ ืืœื• ืขืฉ ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื› ื”ื ืขื•ืฉ ื•ืžื” ืฉืŸ ืื ื› ืงืจื, ืฉ ืž ื‘ ื›ืœ "ืœื›ื" ืฉ ื›ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ "ืœื›ื" ื–ื” ื› ื™ืชื”ื ืžืข, ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื›ืชื‘ "ื™ื ื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ื". "ื™ื ื—ืœื•" โ€” ืžืฉื—ื ื™ืœ "ื”' ืžื•: ื› ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื›ื, ื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืฉ ื‘ ืœื›ื ื ื•ื—ืœื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ื—ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืœืง ืื•ืชื” ื™ ืœื›ื"17: 18 ืœื ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฉ

ืžืงื•ืžื›ื: ื‘

ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ื“ ื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื“ื ืžืง ื” ืจื‘ืœ ื” ืžืฉืคื ื”ื’ื‘ืœ ื“ 11 ื•ื™ืจ

ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื“ 12 ื•ื™ืจ ื“ืžื”: ืง ื™ืึพื›ื ืจืช ืขืœึพื›ืชืฃ ื” ื•ืžื—ืœื›ื ื” ืชื”ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ื™ื ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ื ื” ื”ื™ืจื“ืœ ื™ืฉืจื ืืชึพื‘ื ื™ ื” ืžืฉ 13 ื•ื™ืฆื• ื™ื‘: ืกื‘ ื™ื” ืœืช ืœื’ื‘ ืจืฅ ื”ืืืฉืจ ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืจ ืืชื” ื—ืœื• ืชืชื  ืจ ืืฉ ืจืฅ ื”ื ืืช ื– ืจ ืœืืžื™ 14 ื› ื”: ื”ืžื˜ ื™ ื•ื—ืฆ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืช ืœืชืฉืขืช ืช ืœืช ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฆื•ื” ื™ ื ื•ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ึพื”ื’ื“ ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจืื•ื‘ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืช ืงื—ื• ืžื˜ ืœ15 ืฉื ื™ ื: ื—ืœืช ื  ืงื—ื• ืœ ื” ืžื ืฉ ืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื ืื‘ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืจื—ื• ืŸ ืœื™ืจื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื ื—ืœืช ื  ืงื—ื• ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื™ ื•ื—ืฆ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืช

ื—ื”:โ€‚ืค ื“ืžื” ืžื–ืจ ืงืจ: ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ )ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ( 16 ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœึพืžืฉื” ืœืืž

ืจืฅ ืืชึพื”ื ื ืœื› ืืฉืจึพื™ื ื—ืœื• ื™ื ืื ืฉ ื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื” 17 ื

ื™ื ื ืฉ ื“ ืื— ื™ื 18 ื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืŸึพื ื•ืŸ: ืข ื™ื”ื•ืฉ ื• ืŸ ื”ื›ื” ืืœืขื–ืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื” 19 ื•ื ืจืฅ: ืืชึพื”ื ืœ ืœื ื— ืชืงื—ื• ืžืžื˜ื” ื“ ืื—ื‘ื ื™ ื” 20 ื•ืœืžื˜ ื‘ืŸึพื™ืคื ื”: ื›ืœื‘ ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื™ื ืื ืฉ ื”ื“ ื‘ืŸึพ ืŸ ืืœื™ื“ ืœ ื‘ืŸึพืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“: 21 ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ืž ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื23 ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™: ื‘ืŸึพื™ื’ืœ ื™ ื‘ืง ื™ื ื ืฉ ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ึพื“ 22 ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืกืœื•ืŸ:

ื“: ืœ ื‘ืŸึพืืค ื™ื ื—ื ื™ื ื” ื ืฉ ืฃ ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ึพืžื ืฉ ื™ื•ืก

ืœืจื‘ืœื” ืคื ืžืฉ ื—ื•ืžื ืช 11 ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื ืช ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ ื“ื ื— ืžืžืงื“ื•ืžื: ื ื•ืกืจ ื’ ื™ื ื™ืฃ ื› ืขืœ ื•ื™ืžื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื ื ืœื™ืจื“ ื—ื•ืžื ืช 12 ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ ื ื“ ื“ืžืœื—ื ื ืœื™ืž ืงื ื•ื”ื™ ืžืคืœื›ื•ืŸ ืืจืขื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื”ื ืกื—ื•ืจ ืกื—ื•ืจ: ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ื™ืช ื” ืžืฉ ื™ื“ 13 ื•ืคืงื ื•ืŸ ื™ืชื” ื™ ืชืชื—ืก ื ืืจืขื ื“ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืขืช ืŸ ืœืชืฉ ื™ื“ ื™ื™ ืœืžืช ื™ ืคืง ืขื“ื‘ื ื“ ื‘14 ืืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื: ืฉ ื•ืคืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื™ืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ื™ืœื• ืงื‘ืœื‘ื™ืช ื’ื“ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื ื•ืฉ ืื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื” ื“ืžื ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ื•ืคืœื’ื•ืช ืื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืŸ ืฉ ื”ื•ืŸ: 15 ืช ื™ืœื• ืื—ืกื ืช ืงื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืื—ืกื ืช ื™ืœื• ืงื‘ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ื•ืคืœื’ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื ื“ื™ืจื—ื• ื ื ืœื™ืจื“ ืžืขื‘ืจื ื” ืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ ื™ืœ 16 ื•ืžืœ ื ื—ื: ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ ืžื”ืช ืฉ ื™ืŸ 17 ืืœ ืœืžื™ืžืจ: ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืจืขื ื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื ื•ืŸ ื™ ื“ื ื—ื“ ืจ ื ื•ืŸ: 18 ื•ืจื‘ ืข ื‘ ื”ื ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืกื ื ืก ืช ื‘ื˜ื ื ื—ื“ ืžืฉ ืจื‘ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืช ื’ ื™ืŸ ืฉ ื™ืช ืืจืขื: 19 ื•ืืœื”: ื™ืคื  ืจ ื‘ ืœื‘ ื› ื“ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื ื“ 20 ื•ืœืฉื“ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื˜ื 21 ืœืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“: ืขืž ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื 22 ื•ืœืฉ ืกืœื•ืŸ: ื› ืจ ื‘ ืืœื™ื“ื“ ืจ ื™ื’ืœื™: 23 ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ ื‘ ืง ื ื‘ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื“ืŸ ืจื‘ื ืจื‘ ื” ืžื ืฉ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื ืœืฉ ื™ื•ืกืฃ

ืจ ืืคื“: ื™ืืœ ื‘ ื—ื 

17. ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“, ื™ื“.

23 For the descendants of Joseph: the prince for the tribe of the descendants of Manasseh, Chaniel the son of Eifod

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maSeINumbers 34:11-23

213

11 The border will descend southward from Shefam toward Rivlah, passing to the east of Ayin. Then the border will descend further southward and hit the east-ern shore of Lake Kineret.12 The border will descend further southward along the Jordan River, and its end will be the Salt Sea, i.e., the Dead sea; this shall be your land according to its borders all around (See Figure 2).โ€™ โ€13 Moses commanded the Is-raelites saying, โ€œThis is the land which you are to appor-tion for inheritance through lot, which God has com-manded to give to nine and a half of the 12 tribes.14 For the tribe of Reubenโ€™s descendants, according to their fathersโ€™ house, and the tribe of Gadโ€™s descendants, according to their fathersโ€™ house, and half the tribe of Manasseh have already re-ceived their inheritance.15 These two and a half tribes have received their inheri-tance on the east side of the Jordan, opposite Jericho.โ€Fourth Reading (Sixth when combined) 16 God spoke to Moses, telling him to say to the people:17 โ€œThese are the names of the men who shall inherit the land on your behalf and then divide it among you, under the leadership of Eleazar the priest and Josh-ua the son of Nun:18 You shall take one prince from each tribe to acquire the land and then divide it among you.19 These are the names of the men: for the tribe of Judah: Caleb the son of Yefuneh.20 For the tribe of the descendants of Simeon: Shmuel the son of Amihud.21 For the tribe of Benjamin: Elidad the son of Kislon.22 The prince for the tribe of the descendants of Dan: Buki the son of Yogli.

Figure 2: The Borders of the Land of Israel

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ืžืกืขื™

ONKELOS

FiFth (sixth) reading

214

RASHI ืœื›ื ืื•ืชื” ื™ื ื—ื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฉ ืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืืช 29 ืœื ื—ืœ ืœืขื™ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ื ืจื•ื—, 2 ื•ืžื’ืจืฉ. ืœืžื—ืœืงื•ืชื™ื”: ื™ืช ื‘ ื ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืœื ื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื. ืœื›ืœ ืจื ื•ืœื ืœื–ืจืข ื–ืจื™ืขื”: 3 ื•ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืœื ืœื ื˜ืข ื›

ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ืืœืค ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื: 4 ืืœืฃ ืืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ืžื”ื ื”", ื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“? ืืœืค ืืž ื‘

ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืจืžื™ื: ื ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื’ืจืฉ, ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉ ืืœืฃ ื”ืค

ืŸ: ื‘ืŸึพืฉืคื˜ ืœ ืงืžื•ื ื™ื ื ืฉ ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ึพืืคืจ 24 ื•ืœืžื˜ื”

ืŸ ื‘ืŸึพืคืจื ืš: 26 ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื™ืฆืค ื™ื ืืœ 25 ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ึพื–ื‘ื•ืœืŸ ื ืฉ

ืจ ืœ ื‘ืŸึพืขื–ืŸ: 27 ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ึพืืฉ ื™ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืจ ื ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืฉื›ื™ื ื ืฉ ื™ ื‘ื ื™ึพื ืคืชืœ 28 ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื™: ื‘ืŸึพืฉืœืž ืื—ื™ื”ื•ื“ ื™ื ื ืฉืœื ื—ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฆื•ื” ืจ ืืฉ ืœื” 29 ื ื‘ืŸึพืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“: ืœ ืคื“ื”ื

ืขืŸ:โ€‚ืค ืจืฅ ื›ื  ืœ ื‘ื ืืชึพื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืขืœึพ ื‘ ืžื•ื ืช ืจื‘ ื‘ืข ื” ืืœึพืžืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื” 35:1 ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™

ื ืœื•ื™ ืœ ืชื ื• ื•ื  ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืชึพื‘ื ื™ 2 ืฆื• ืจ: ืœืืž ื™ืจื—ื• ืŸ ื™ืจื“ื ืชื™ื” ืขืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉ ืœ ื‘ืช ื•ืžื’ืจ ื™ื ืœืฉ ื ืขืจ ื—ืœืช ืื—ื–ืช ื  ืžื ื•ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื” ื‘ืช ืœืฉ ื ืœื” ื™ื ืขืจ ื” 3 ื•ื”ื™ื• ื: ืœื•ื™ ืœ ืชืชื ื• ื™ื ืขืจ ื” 4 ื•ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื: ื—ื™ืช ืœ ื•ืœื› ื ื•ืœืจื›ืฉ ืœื‘ื”ืžืชื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื” ืืž ืœืฃ ื ื•ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจ ืžืง ืœื•ื™ื ืœ ืชืชื ื• ืืฉืจ ืืœืคื™ื ื“ืžื” ืืชึพืคืืชึพืง ื™ืจ ืœืข ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื 5 ื•ืžื“ืช ื™ื‘: ืกื‘ื” ื•ืืชึพืคืืชึพ ืืž ื™ื ื‘ ื’ื‘ ืืœืค <HS>ื” ื•ืืชึพืคืืชึพื  ืืž ื‘ื™ืจ ื” ื•ื”ืข ืืž ื™ื ื‘ ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืœืค ืช ืคื ื” ื•ื ืืž ื™ื ื‘ ื™ื | ืืœืคื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืจ ืช ื” ื™ื: 6 ื•ื ืขืจ ื™ ื” ื ืžื’ืจืฉ ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื•ืš ื– ื‘ืชืœื ืก ืชืชื ื• ืืฉืจ ื˜ ื”ืžืงืœ ื™ ืฉืฉึพืขืจ ืช ื ื ืœื•ื™ ืœ ืชืชื ื• ื™ืจ: 7 ื›ืœึพ ื™ื ืข ื™ื ื•ืฉืช ืจืฆื— ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืชืชื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžื” ื” ืฉ

ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ืจ ืข ื•ืฉืžื ื” ื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ื ืœื•ื™ ืœ ืชืชื ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ึพ ืื—ื–ืช ืž ืชืชื ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื ืขืจ 8 ื•ื” ืŸ: ื•ืืชึพืžื’ืจืฉื™ื”

ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ื• ืชืžืข ื˜ ื”ืžืข ืช ื•ืžื ืชืจื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืช ืžื ืœ ื™ืฉืจืื:โ€‚ืค ืœื•ื™ ื™ื• ืœ ืขืจ ืŸ ืž ืœื• ื™ืช ื—ืœืชื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื ื— ื™ ื  ื›ืค

ื ืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ื ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื 24 ื•ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื 25 ื•ืœืฉ ืคื˜ืŸ: ืฉ ืจ ื‘ ืงืžื•ืืœ ืจื ืš: ืจ ืค ื ืืœื™ืฆืคืŸ ื‘ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื‘ื•ืœืŸ ืจื‘ื ืจื‘ ืฉื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื 26 ื•ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื 27 ื•ืœืฉ ืŸ: ืขื– ืจ ื‘ ืœื˜ื™ืืœ ืคืœืžื™: ืจ ืฉ ื ืื—ื™ื”ื•ื“ ื‘ ืจ ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื ืจื‘ ืœื™ ื ืคืช ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื 28 ื•ืœืฉื™ ื“ ื™ืŸ 29 ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“: ืขืž ืจ ื‘ ื“ื”ืืœ ืคืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ื™ืช ืœืื—ืกื ื ื™ื™ ื™ื“ ืคืงื™ื™ ื™ืœ 35:1 ื•ืžืœ ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ: ืืจืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืื‘ ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉ ื‘ ื” ืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื“ ืง 2 ืค ืœืžื™ืžืจ: ื“ื™ืจื—ื• ื ื ื™ืจื“ืœืœื•ืื™ ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ื™ืช ื‘ ืœืžืช ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ืื—ื•ื“ืชื”ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ืกื ืช ื ื•ืŸ ืช ืช ืกื—ืจื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื— ื‘ ืœืœื•ืื™: 3 ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืœืžืชื•ืจื•ื—ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ืจื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื 4 ื•ืจื•ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ: ื•ืœื›ืœ ื ื•ืœื‘ืจื ื ื•ืŸ ืœืœื•ืื™ ืžื›ืชืœ ืงืจืช ืชืชื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืกื—ื•ืจ ืกื—ื•ืจ: 5 ื•ืชืžืฉ ืืœืฃ ืืžืจื™ืŸ ื ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ืงื“ื•ืžื ืช ืจื ืœืงืจืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืช ืจื•ืžื ื“ ื•ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ื™ืŸ ืืž ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืจื™ืŸ ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ืžืขืจื‘ื ืช ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืŸ ืช ืฆืคื•ื ื ืจื•ื— ื•ื™ืช ื™ืŸ ืืž ืืœืคื™ืŸ ื™ืŸ ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืขื ื ื•ืงืจืช ื™ืŸ ืืž ืืœืคื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ื: 6 ื•ื™ืช ืงืจื•ื™ื ืงืจื•ื™ ื™ืช ืฉ ื™ืช ืœืœื•ืื™ ื ื•ืŸ ืชืช ื™ ื“ืŸ ืœืชืž ืœืžืขืจืง ื ื•ืŸ ืชืช ื™ ื“ ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืขื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ ื ื•ืŸ ืช ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื™ ื“ ืงืจื•ื™ื ืœ 7 ื› ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ: ื™ืŸ ื•ืชืจืชืขื™ืŸ ื•ืชืžื ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืœืœื•ืื™ ืืจื‘ ืชืชื™ ื“ 8 ื•ืงืจื•ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื™ื”ืŸ: ื•ื™ืช ื™ืชื”ืŸ ืžืŸ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ื“ืช ื ื•ืŸ ืชืชื–ืขืจื•ืŸ ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื™ ื•ืžืŸ ืกื’ื•ืŸ ืช ื™ืื™ ืกื’ืŸ ื™ืช ื™ื—ืกื ื•ืŸ ื™ ื“ ื” ืคื•ื ืื—ืกื ืช ื‘ืจ ื› ื’

ืจื•ื•ื”ื™ ืœืœื•ืื™: ืžืง

8 And as for the cities that you shall give the Levites from the lands of the Israel-ites, you shall take more from a tribe with a larger land inheritance and you shall take less from a tribe with a smaller one. Each one, according to the relative size of the inheritance allotted to him, shall give of his cities to the Levites.โ€™ โ€

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24 and the prince for the tribe of the descendants of Ephraim, Kemuel the son of Shiftan.25 The prince for the tribe of the descendants of Zebulun: Elitzafan the son of Parnach.26 The prince for the tribe of the descendants of Issachar: Paltiel the son of Azan.27 The prince for the tribe of the descendants of Asher: Achihud the son of Shelomi.28 The prince of the tribe of the descendants of Naphtali, Pedahel the son of Amihud.29 These are the ones whom God commanded to apportion the inheritance to the Israelites in Canaan.โ€

Levite CitiesFifth Reading 35:1 God spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab, by the Jordan, op-posite Jericho saying,2 โ€œSince the tribe of Levi will receive no portion of the land, command the rest of the Israelites that they shall give the Levites cities in which to dwell from their he-reditary estates, and tell them also: โ€˜You shall give the Levites open spaces around the cities, which are not to be used for residential or agricultural purposes.3 These cities shall be theirs for dwelling in, and their open spaces shall be for their cattle, their property, and for all their other needs.4 The areas of open space for the cities that you shall give to the Levites shall extend from the wall of the city outward, one thousand cubits all around. In addition, you shall give them another thousand cubits in each direction for agricultural purposes.5 Thus, you shall measure from out-side the city, 2000 cubits on the east-ern side, 2000 cubits on the southern side, 2000 cubits on the western side, and 2000 cubits on the northern side, with the city in the middle; this shall be their citiesโ€™ extended open spaces (See Figure 3).6 The cities you shall give to the Lev-ites shall include the six cities of ref-uge whose function will be described presently, which you shall provide as places to which a murderer can flee. In addition to them, you shall provide the Levites with 42 other cities.7 Thus, all the cities you shall give to the Levites shall number 48 cities; give them to them together with their open spaces.

Figure 3: A Levite City

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RASHI

CHASIDIC INSIGHTS

51. Likutei Sichot, vol. 2, pp. 363 ff. 52. Megilah 3b. 53. Sefer HaMaโ€™amarim 5717-5719, p. 230. 54. Sefer HaMaโ€™amarim 5711-5713, p. 261.

ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื 11 ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืชื. ืื™ืŸ "ื”ืงืจื™ื”" ืืœื ื™ ืžืค ืืœ. 12 ืžื’ ืœืคื ื™"18: ืืœื”ื™ืš ื”' ื”ืงืจื” ื™ "ื› ืื•ืžืจ: ืžืงืœื˜. ืขืจื™ ืฉ 13 ืฉ ืจืฆื—: ืœื  ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉ ื, ื”ื“ ื’ื•ืืœ ืขืจื™ื ืœืฉ ืฉ ื™ื• ื—ื™ ื‘ ื” ืžืฉ ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ ืฉ ื™ ืค ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉ ื™ื“ ืžื’ืชืŸ ื  ืœืฉ ืฉ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉ ื  ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉ ืจื“ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ ื‘

ืขืœ ืืฃ ื•ื’ื•'. ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœืฉ ืฉ 14 ืืช ื ืขืŸ: ื› ืืจืฅ ื‘ ืข ื™ื”ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœ ืขื” ืฉ ืฉ ื ืขืŸ ืช ืืจืฅ ื› ื‘ ื™ ืฉ ืคื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื“ ื•ื ืžืฉ ื”ื, ืœ ืฉ ืžืงืœื˜ ืขืจื™ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื•ื” ื”ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื” ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืค ืงืจื™ืช ืœืขื“ "ื’ ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื“ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ื™ ื ืคื™ืฉ

ื"19: ืžื“

ืจ: ืฉื™ืฉื™ )ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ( 9 ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืœึพืžืฉื” ืœืืž

ื™ื ื‘ืจ ื ืข ื™ ืืช ืžืจืช ืืœื”ื ื› ืœ ื•ื 10 ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœึพื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจื

ื™ ืขืจ ื™ื ืขืจ ืœื›ื ื 11 ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืช ืขืŸ: ื›ื  ืจืฆื” ื ืŸ ืืชึพื”ื™ืจื“ื— ืžื›ื”ึพื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”: ืžื” ืจืฆ ื˜ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื›ื ื•ื ืก ืฉ ืžืงืœื— ืจืฆ ื” ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ืœ ืžื’ื ื˜ ืœืžืงืœ ื™ื ืขืจ ื” ืœื›ื 12 ื•ื”ื™ื•

ื ื• ืชืช ืืฉืจ ื™ื ืขืจ 13 ื•ื” ื˜: ืœืžืฉืค ื” ืขื“ ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืขื“ึพืขืžื“ื• ื™ื ืขืจ ื” ืฉืœืฉ ืช | 14 ื ื: ืœื› ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื˜ ืžืงืœ ื™ ืฉืฉึพืขืจืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืชืชื ื• ื‘ื ืขืจ ืŸ ื•ืืช ืฉืœืฉ ื” ืชืชื ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืจื“ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื’ืจ ืœ ื™ืฉืจื 15 ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื”: ืช ื˜ ืžืงืœ ื™ ืขืจืžื” ืœื” ืœืžืงืœื˜ ืœื ื•ืก ืฉ ื™ื ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืฉึพื” ื ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›

ื›ืœึพืžื›ื”ึพื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”:

ืœืžื™ืžืจ: ื” ืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ ื™ืœ 9 ื•ืžืœื•ืชื™ืžืจ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืขื ืœ 10 ืžืœื ื ื™ืจื“ ื™ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืืชื•ืŸ ืืจื™ ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ 11 ื•ืชื–ืž ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ: ืœืืจืขื ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉ ืงืจื•ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ ื“ ืงื˜ื•ืœื ืŸ ืœืชืž ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืง ืœื•: 12 ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื ืฉ ื ื‘ ื ืคืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžื ื“ ืืœ ืžื’ ื™ื–ื‘ื ืœืฉื ืช ื ืฉ ื› ืงื“ื ื™ืงื•ื ื“ ืขื“ ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื ื•ืŸ ืชืช ื™ ื“ 13 ื•ืงืจื•ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื ื: ืœื›ื•ืŸ: ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉ ืงืจื•ื™ ื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจื ืช ืœืช ืงืจื•ื™ื ืช 14 ื™ืช ืชื ื•ืŸ ืช ืช ืงืจื•ื™ื ืœืช ืช ื•ื™ืช ื ื ืœื™ืจื“ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉ ืงืจื•ื™ ื“ื›ื ืขืŸ ืืจืขื ื‘ื•ืœื’ื™ื•ืจื ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ 15 ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ: ื™ืช ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ ื•ืœืชื•ืชื‘ื ืœืžืขืจืง ื™ื–ื‘ื ืœืฉ ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœ ืงืจื•ื™ื

ืœื•: ืฉ ื ื‘ ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืœ ื“ ืŸ ื› ืœืชืž

mate โ€œsignposts,โ€ helping only those who come to us in search of the right way; we should be living signposts, reaching out to our fellows and, if neces-sary, awakening them to the fact that there is such a thing as a holy, Divine life that they should pursue.

Again, the results of our efforts in this regard might not always be immediately evident, but they will be eventually, for the effects of doing good are cumula-tive and eternal.51

18. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื–, ื›. 19. ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•, ื—.

๏ฟฝ INNER DIMENSIONS ๏ฟฝ[11] Cities of Refuge: The Torah is called a โ€œcity of refugeโ€ for two reasons: In order for a city to be halachically considered a city, it must have at least ten people who do nothing all day other than learn Torah.52 Mystically, this alludes to the ten sefirot of Atzilut, the level of reality in which there is no consciousness of anything other than Godโ€™s existence. The ten sefirot are the spiritual origin of our ten intellectual, emotional, and be-havioral faculties.

The Hebrew word for โ€œrefugeโ€ (miklat) actually means โ€œabsorption.โ€ This alludes to the fact that we must learn the Torah in such a way that

its message is absorbed within us, refining and edifying us.Thus, the Torah acts as a โ€œcity of refugeโ€ when we immerse ourselves in it fully, with all ten powers of our soul, and internalize its message.53

A murderer who killed a person shall flee there: Allegorically, any sin is an act of murder, since by sinning we prevent, to a certain extent, Divine life-force from entering ourselves and reality at large. By cutting the world off from its true life-blood, we are โ€œkillingโ€ it. This is why the penalty of the primordial, archetypal sinโ€”eating of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledgeโ€”was death.54

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46. See Exodus 21:13. 47. Deuteronomy 4:41. 48. Makot 10a. 49. Ibid. 9b. 50. Bava Batra 100b; Mishneh Torah, Rotzeach uShemirat HaNefesh 8:5.

11 You shall designateโ€ฆcities of refuge: Allegori-cally, the Torah itself is the โ€œcity of refuge,โ€ for when we are immersed in its study and internalize the Divine consciousness it gives us, we are protected from the machinations of the evil inclination.48 Fur-thermore, Torah study also protects us from the ill effects of wrongdoing, because it purifies us, inspir-ing us to regret our past failings and make amends for them. And when we repent properly, our sins are transformed into merits.This is true even if we are guilty of intentional sins, just as the cities of refuge also provided asylum for intentional murderers (at least until their case could be brought to court).49

The roads leading to the cities of refuge had to be kept wide and clear, so that anyone who needed to use them could do so easily. There also had to be signs posted at every crossroads, so the way to the city of refuge would be clearly marked.50

Similarly, God keeps the way to the Torah and its

lifestyle open, accessible, and clear for all of us. We all have free choice, but God also shows us the way and in many ways helps us find the right direction in life.In order to hear Godโ€™s voice more clearly, however, we should help others find the right direction in their lives. We should all consider ourselves โ€œsign-posts,โ€ whose job it is to point others in the direc-tion of life and goodness. When God sees that we are showing others the way, He will show us our way more clearly. We therefore need not be afraid of standing at โ€œcrossroads,โ€ at places where there is an opportunity to take a wrong turn.Even if we are not sure that anyone is looking at what we are doing, at the โ€œsignโ€ we are posting at this โ€œcrossroad,โ€ the fact that we are doing our part in disseminating Divine consciousness throughout reality will earn us Godโ€™s increased guidance in our own lives.Ideally, though, we should try not to just be inani-

Intentional and Unintentional MurderSixth Reading (Seventh when combined) 9 God now gave Moses the laws of the cities of refuge.46 He spoke to Moses, saying:10 โ€œSpeak to the Israelites and say to them, โ€˜When you cross the Jordan, into Canaan,11 you shall designate six cities for yourselves that shall act as cities of refuge for you: a murderer who killed a person unintentionally but nonetheless is guilty of negligence shall flee there from the close relative of the murdered person, who, in such a case, is allowed to avenge his death, as will be explained presently.12 These cities shall serve you as a refuge for the unintentional murderer from this avenger, so that the unintentional murderer shall not die until he stands in judgment before the congregationโ€™s judges.13 The cities that you provide shall function as cities of refuge only when all six cities of refuge have been designated for you.โ€™ โ€ Thus, even though Moses later47 designated three cities in Transjordan as cities of refuge, they did not function as refuge cities until the three in Canaan were also designated.14 God foresaw that there would be a similar number of incidences of uninten-tional murder on both sides of the Jordan River, even though only two and a half of the 12 tribes settled on the east side, so He told Moses to tell the people, โ€œYou shall provide three of the cities in Transjordan and three of the cities in Canaan; they shall be cities of refuge.15 These six cities shall be a refuge for both the Israelites and for the convert and resident among them, so that anyone who unintentionally kills a person can flee there.

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ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ ืจ ื‘ ื”ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื› 16 ื•ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ ื“ ืฉ ืžื–ื™ื“. ื•ื‘ื ืœืœืž ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ ื ื‘ ืžื•ืš ืœื•, ืืœ ื”ืกื: ื›ืœ ืืžืจ ื‘ ื  ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืช, ืฉ ืขื•ืจ ื› ื”ื ื‘ื• ืฉ ื™ ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉ ื“ื”". ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ ืช ื“ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืก ืžื™ื ืŸ: "ื“ ืžืชืจื’ ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื•", ื“ "ืืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืš ื‘ ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืง ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื•ื™ ื’ ืฉ ืจื–ืœ, ื”ื‘ ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื—ื˜, ืืคืœื• ื”ื•ื, ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ ืžืžื™ืช ืจื–ืœ ื”ื‘ ืฉื•ืื ื‘ื•". ื™ืžื•ืช ืจ ื‘ื•: "ืืฉ ืœื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ืจ ืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ื‘ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ ืจ, ืžื“ื‘ ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื› ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื‘ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ ืชืืžืจ: ืœื ืจืื•ืช ื•ื’ื•'"20, ื” ื‘ ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ ื”: "ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื‘ืŸ ืืฉ ืœืžื˜ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื› ืžื–ื™ื“ ื‘ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ ืœืžื”. ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ ื” ืžืœื ื™ื“: ืืฉ ืฉ ื‘ ื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื™ื“. ืฉ ืจ: 17 ื‘ ืžื“ื‘

ื” ืืžืจ: "ื•ื”ื› ื  ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•. ืœืคื™ ืฉ ืขื•ืจ ืœื”ืžื™ืช, ื› ื” ืฉ ืฉ ื‘ ื™ ืฉืœ ื› ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ืจ, ืฉ ื” ื‘ ื ืชืŸ ื•ืœื ืื‘ืŸ"21 ื‘ ืจืขื”ื• ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ื‘ 18 ืื• ื”": ื‘ ื™ืžื•ืช ืจ "ืืฉ ื ืืžืจ: ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื? ืฉื” ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื• ืืช ืืžืชื• ืืžืจ: "ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื› ื  ื™ื“. ืœืคื™ ืฉืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฅ: "ืืฉ ื”ื•ื? ืœื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ ืœ ืฉ ื‘ื˜"22, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื› ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ ืืคืœื• ื‘ื•. ืคื’ืขื• 19 ื‘ ืœื”ืžื™ืช: ื“ื™ ื› ื‘ื• ื”ื ื™ ืฉ ื‘ื•", ืžืืจื‘: ื›ืžื ื" โ€” ื‘ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: "ื‘ ืฆื“ื™ื”. ื› ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜: 20 ื‘ื”ื™ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื• ื•ืœื ืชื›ืฃ", ืฉ ืื ืก. ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• "ื‘ ืคืชืข. ื‘ 22 ื‘ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืจ ืขืœื™ื•: 23 ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื‘ืŸ ืืฉ ื”ื•ืช ืœื”ื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉืืŸ ืžื› ืขืœื™ื•. ืœ ืค ื•ื™ ืจืื”ื•: ืœื ืฉ ืจืื•ืช. ืœื ื‘ ื”ื•: ื”ื› ื”. ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืœื”: ืจืš ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื’ื•ืœื”, ื“ ืืžืจื•23: ื”ื”ื•ืจื’ ื“

ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื— ืช ื•ื™ืž ื”ื›ื”ื• ื‘ืจื–ืœ | ื™ 16 ื•ืืึพื‘ื›ืœ

ื”ื›ื”ื• ื‘ื” ืืฉืจึพื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื 17 ื•ื ื—: ืจืฆ ื” ืช ื™ื•ืžืขืฅึพ ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ 18 ืื• ื—: ืจืฆ ื” ืช ื™ื•ืž ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื— ืช ื•ื™ืž

ืช ื™ื•ืž ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื— ืช ื•ื™ืž ื”ื›ื”ื• ื‘ื• ืืฉืจึพื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ื‘ืคื’ืขื•ึพื‘ื• ืจืฆื— ืืชึพื” ื™ืช ื™ืž ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื“ ืœ 19 ื’ื ื—: ืจืฆ ื”ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืš ืื•ึพื”ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื“ืคื ื• ื” 20 ื•ืืึพื‘ืฉื ื ื ื•: ื™ืžืช ื”ื•ื ืช ืžื•ืชึพื™ื•ืžืช ื” ื”ื›ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื™ืž ืช: 21 ืื• ื‘ืื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ื™ื” ื•ื™ืžื— ื‘ืคื’ืขื•ึพื‘ื•: ืจืฆ ื™ืช ืืชึพื” ื ื™ืž ืœ ื”ื“ ื” ืจืฆื— ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืžื›ื›ืœึพ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืš ืื•ึพื”ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคื• ื” ื‘ืœืึพืื™ื‘ 22 ื•ืืึพื‘ืคืชืข

ื‘ืœื ื‘ื” ืืฉืจึพื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœึพื 23 ืื• ืฆื“ื™ื”: ื‘ืœื ื™ ื›ืœืฉ ืžื‘ืง ื•ืœื ืœื• ืœืึพืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืช ื•ื™ืž ื™ื• ืขืœ ื•ื™ืคืœ ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื”ื“ ืœ ื’ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ ื” ื”ืžื› ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื” ืขื“ ื” ืคื˜ื• 24 ื•ืฉ ืขืชื•: ืจ

ืœื”: ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜

ืžื—ื”ื™ ืคืจื–ืœื ื“ ืžืŸ ื‘ 16 ื•ืื ืืชืงื˜ืœื ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื•ืงื˜ืœื” ืื‘ื ื ื‘ 17 ื•ืื ืงื˜ื•ืœื: ื™ืชืงื˜ืœ ื™ ื“ ืช ื›ืžืก ื”ื™ื ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื ืžืชื ืกื‘ื ื“ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื•ืงื˜ืœื” ืžื—ื”ื™ ื” ื‘ ื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื•ืœื: ื™ืชืงื˜ืœ ืืชืงื˜ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื ื‘ ืžืชื ืกื‘ ื“ ืืข ื“ ืžืŸ ื‘ 18 ืื• ืžื—ื”ื™ ื” ื‘ ื™ืžื•ืช ื™ ื“ ืช ื›ืžืก ื”ื•ื ื“ืืชืงื˜ืœื ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื•ืงื˜ืœื” ืžื ื”ื•ื ืืœ ื“ ื™ืชืงื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื•ืœื: 19 ื’ืœื” ืืชื—ื™ื‘ ื“ ื› ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื™ืช ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ 20 ื•ืื ื”: ื™ืงื˜ืœื  ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื ื“ ืžืŸ ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ืจืžื ืื• ื—ื”ื™ ื“ ืกื ืื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื‘ื‘ื• 21 ืื• ื•ืงื˜ืœื”: ื›ืžื ื ื‘ืืชืงื˜ืœื ื•ืงื˜ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื”ื™ ืืœ ื’ ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืœื ืžื—ื™ื ื™ืชืงื˜ืœ ื“ ืืชื—ื™ื‘ ืžื ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ ื™ืช ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื› ื“ืœื ื‘ ืชื›ืฃ ื‘ 22 ื•ืื ื™ื ื: ื“ ืžืŸ ืœื” ืœ ืžืŸ ื—ื”ื™ ืื• ืจืžื ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ื› ื“ื‘ื‘ื• ื“ืื‘ื ื ื‘ื›ืœ 23 ืื• ืœื”: ื›ืžืŸ ืœื ื‘ืœื ื—ื–ื™ ื” ื‘ ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ ืช ื“ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืก ื“ื•ืจืžื ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ืงื˜ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื ื™ 24 ื•ื™ื“ื ื•ืŸ ื”: ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ ืชื‘ืข ื•ืœื ืœื” ืžื ื“ ืืœ ื’ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื ืช ื ืฉ ื›

ื™ืŸ: ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœ ืขืœ ื“

โ€œlifeโ€ continues in the afterlife.) In order for this to work, however, the guilty person must repent and confess his sin. In other words, his inner desire to do good must surface, so that it can serve as a seed from which his new direction in life can grow.If at least some of the judges can see a reason to judge the defendant favorably, it means that his inner core of goodness is at least slightly apparent and active. Therefore, the court can judge such a person. Even if they eventually sentence him, their arguments in his favor, emphasizing his virtue and innocence, will draw out his inner goodness and

prompt him to repent and confess. This will allow the sentence to atone for his sin and permit him to progress to the next stage of his existence.But when not even a single member of the high courtโ€”the seventy-one wisest, most discerning people in the generationโ€”can see any redeeming exoneration in him, it means that his inner core of goodness has receded so deeply within his outer shell of misbehavior that it is totally submerged, and there is no hope that this court can arouse it and thereby accomplish the defendantโ€™s atonement by their sentence. [continues...]

20. ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื’. 21. ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื™ื—. 22. ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื›. 23. ืžื›ื•ืช ื–, ื‘.

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maSeINumbers 35:16-24

216

55. Exodus 21:12. 56. Ibid. 21:18. 57. Ibid. 21:20. 58. Rashi on v. 23. 59. Sanhedrin 17a; Mishneh Torah, Sanhedrin 9:1.

CHASIDIC INSIGHTS 24-25 The congregation shall judge between the assailant and the blood avengerโ€ฆthe congrega-tion shall protect the murderer: From the juxta-position of these two imperativesโ€”to judge and to rescueโ€”the sages derive the law that when a high court initially votes in a criminal case unanimously to indict the accused, he is immediately acquitted. Only when there are some judges who initially vote in his favor can the court proceed to debate the is-

sue and, if there remains a majority against him, sentence him to death.58

The reason for this is that the purpose of all pun-ishmentsโ€”even the death penaltyโ€”is to achieve atonement for the guilty personโ€™s crime, cleansing him of his sin and thereby allowing him to proceed with his life. (When the punishment is not death, his life continues in this life; when it is death, his

16 Now, these cities do not offer asylum for an intentional murderer: If the assail-ant struck the victim intentionally with an iron instrument of any size and he died, he is a bona fide murderer; the murderer shall be put to death.55

17 If he struck him with a fist-sized stone, which is large enough to be deadly, and he dies, he is a murderer; the murderer shall be put to death.56

18 Or if he struck him with a fist-sized wooden instrument, which is large enough to be deadly, and he dies, he is a murderer; the murderer shall be put to death.57 (If, however, the stone or wooden instrument was not big enough to cause death normally, but the victim died of the blow anyway, the assailant is not guilty of in-tentional murder.)19 Once the intentional murderer has been tried and found guilty, the blood avengerโ€”the close relative of the victimโ€”shall be allowed kill the murderer; he may kill him wherever he meets him, even inside a city of refuge.20 Similarly, if, out of hatred, the assailant pushed the victim, or threw something at him in ambush, and he died,21 or if he maliciously struck him with his hand and he died, the assailant shall be put to death; he is a murderer, and the blood avenger may kill the murderer wherever he meets him, even inside a city of refuge.22 The law is different, however, in the case of unintentional murder. If the assail-ant pushed the victim down accidentally, without malice, or threw an object in a downward motion at him and not in ambush,23 or he killed him with any stone that is large enough to be deadly, that is, with-out seeing his victim he threw it down at him and it killed him, but, in all these cases, he was not his enemy and bore him no malice,24 then the congregationโ€™s judges shall judge between the assailant and the blood avenger, on the basis of these judgments: If the murder happened as just described, the assailant is considered guilty of negligence and may be killed by the blood avenger unless the assailant has fled to a city of refuge. However, if the assailant killed the victim by throwing something up at him, or by means of any other upward movement, this is considered unnatural, so the assailant is not con-sidered guilty of negligence, the victimโ€™s close relatives may not avenge his blood, and the assailant does not have to flee.59

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ืžืกืขื™

ONKELOS

sixth (seventh) reading

217

RASHI

CHASIDIC INSIGHTS

62. Likutei Sichot, vol. 29, pp. 113-121. 63. Likutei Sichot, vol. 33, pp. 211-212.

ื›ื™ื ื” ืฉ ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉ ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืฉ ื“ืœ. ื”ื’ ื”ืŸ ื”ื› ืžื•ืช 25 ืขื“ ืืช ืง ืœืกืœ ื ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื™ืžื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ ื™ืžื™ ืืช ืจ ื•ืžืงืฆ ืจืืœ ืฉ ืžื™ ื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉ ื“ ื“ื•ืœ. ื’ ื”ืŸ ื› ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ื™ ืฉื™ื•: ื—ื™ ื‘ ืจืืœ ืœื™ืฉ ื–ื• ืœื” ืง ืช ืชืืจืข ืœื ืฉ ืœ ืœ ืœื”ืชืค ื“ื•ืœ ื’ืงืจืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืž ืฉ ื— ืืชื• ื‘ ืจ ืžืฉ ืืฉืจ "ืืฉ ืžื•: ื› ื ืืœ ื—ื•, ืžืฉ ืžื™ ืคืจืฉ ืœื ืฉ ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื”ืงื“ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ืฉ". ืžืŸ ืฉ ื‘ ื— ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื• ืžืฉ

ืœื ืฉ ืขื“ ืื ืฉ ื“ ืœืœืž ื‘ืจ, ื“ ืœืจืื™ืช ืžื›ื•ืช24 ื›ืช ืžืก ื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืช ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื ื• ืื—ืจ ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ ื™ื ื•, ืžืช ื”ื› ื ื’ืžืจ ื“ืืžืจ: ื  ืฉ ื ื™, ืฉ ืœ ืฉ ืžื™ืชืชื• ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ โ€” ื™ื ื• ื“ ื ื’ืžืจ ืืŸ ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื› ืื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ, ื—ื• ืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื•", ื— ืžืฉ ืจ "ืืฉื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืž ื™ืžื™ื•, ืฉ ื— ื‘ ืžืฉ ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื  ื— ืื•ืชื•? ืืœ ืžืฉืื™ืŸ ืช ืฉ ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืž ื. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื› ืžื™ืชืชื•: 27 ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ ื‘ื” ื”ื ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื  ืช ื“ ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื. ืœืž ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฉ ื: 29 ื‘ ืœื• ื“

ืจืืœ: ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉ ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ื› ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘

ื™ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืฉ ื”ื“ื ืœ ื’ื ืžื™ื“ ื— ืจืฆ ืืชึพื” ื” ืขื“ ื” ื™ืœื• 25 ื•ื”ืฆ

ื” ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืžื” ืฉ ืืฉืจึพื ืก ืžืงืœื˜ื• ื™ืจ ืืœึพืข ื” ืขื“ ื” ืืชื•

ื“ืฉ: ื”ืง ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืืชื• ืืฉืจึพืžืฉื— ืœ ื”ื’ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื“ึพืžื•ืช

ืืฉืจ ืžืงืœื˜ื• ื™ืจ ืข ืืชึพื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืจืฆื— ื” ื ื™ืฆ ื 26 ื•ืืึพื™ืฆ

ื™ืจ ืข ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื ื”ื“ ืœ ื’ื ืืชื• 27 ื•ืžืฆื ืžื”: ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืก

ื™ 28 ื› ื: ื“ ืœื• ื™ืŸ ื ื— ืจืฆ ืืชึพื” ื”ื“ื ืœ ื’ื ื— ื•ืจืฆ ืžืงืœื˜ื•

ื—ืจื™ึพืžื•ืช ื•ื ืœ ื”ื’ื“ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื“ึพืžื•ืช ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืžืงืœื˜ื• ื™ืจ ื‘ืข

ืœื” ืจืฅ ืื—ื–ืชื•: 29 ื•ื”ื™ื• ื ื— ืืœึพื ืจืฆ ืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“

ื: ืชื™ื› ืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืชื™ื›ื ื‘ื› ื˜ ืœื“ืจ ืช ืžืฉืค ืœื›ื ืœื—ืง

ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื™ืช ื ืช ื ืฉ ื› ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ 25 ื•ื™ืฉื ืช ื ืฉ ืžื ื•ื™ืชื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืชื” ื› ืืœ ื“ ืžื™ื“ ื’ืŸ ืœืชืž ืขืจืง ื™ ื“ ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉ ืœืงืจื™ืช ื™ ื ื“ ื”ื ื ืจื‘ ื™ืžื•ืช ื› ื” ืขื“ ื“ ื™ื‘ ื‘ ื•ื™ืช26 ื•ืื ื: ืงื“ืฉ ื— ืžืฉ ื‘ ื™ืชื” ื™ ืจื‘ืงืจื™ืช ื—ื•ื ืช ื™ืช ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื™ืคื•ืง ืง ืžืคื— ื› ืŸ: 27 ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ ืขืจืง ืœืชืž ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื” ื“ ืฉืœืชื—ื•ื ืจื ืžื‘ ืžื ื“ ืืœ ื’ ื™ืชื” ืžื ื“ ืืœ ื’ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉ ืงืจื™ืช 28 ืืจื™ ืžื: ื“ ืœื” ืœื™ืช ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื™ืช ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ ืขื“ ื‘ ื™ืช ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื ื ื› ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ ื•ื‘ืชืจ ื ืจื‘ ื”ื ื ื›ื”: ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืงื˜ื•ืœื ืœืืจืข ืื—ืกื ืช ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ ืœื’ื–ืจืช ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืืœ 29 ื•ื™ื”ื•ืŸ

ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืœื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘

our job is to see the good in everyone, to draw out that good, and to thereby help the person out of his present depravity and back onto the path of good-ness and life.62

He shall remain there until the high priestโ€ฆdies: On the ladder of morality, the inadvertent killer is on the lowest rung. True, he is not a deliberate criminal, but even so, his hands are stained with the blood of another human being. The only criminal than can be considered lower than him is the de-liberate murderer. But since the murderer is liable to the death penalty, he is considered dead already and thus not counted. This leaves the inadvertent killer as the lowest element of society, his unique status attested to by the fact that of all those guilty of transgressing the Torahโ€™s prohibitions, only he suffers the punishment of forced exile.In contrast, the high priest is the most exalted per-sonality in the nation, the highest example of holi-

ness and purity to which anyone can aspire.Yet the Torah says here that the inadvertent killer is linked specifically to the high priest: he must re-main in exile as long as the high priest is alive, and the high priest must make it his business to pray that no one in his nation become an inadvertent kill-er. We see here that the Torah has effectively adopt-ed the attitude of the first high priest, Aaronโ€”who loved all creatures and drew them to the Torahโ€”and institutionalized it as a integral aspect of the high priesthood.This fact teaches us a great lesson in brotherly love and Jewish unity: no matter what heights we have reached on the ladder of spiritual or social status, we must remain concerned with all elements of society, even the lowest. And even if we think we exist on the lower echelons of humanity, we must remember that we are still connected with those on the highest echelons, for we are all one people.63

24. ื™ื, ื‘.

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CHASIDIC INSIGHTS

60. Above, before 19:1. 61. Likutei Sichot, vol. 33, pp. 206-211.

From this law we therefore see how insistent the Torah is that there is an inner, indestructible good-ness within every person: even when the highest, most distinguished court of the land immediately

and unanimously agrees that a person is absolutely culpable, the Torah says that this is impossible. No one is wholly bad, and if we cannot see this truth it is because our vision is faulty. On the contrary,

25 If the assailant must be removed from the city of refuge in order to stand trial, the congregation shall protect the murderer from the hand of the blood avenger, andโ€”if he is judged guilty of unintentional murder by negligenceโ€”the congrega-tion shall return him safely to the city of refuge to which he had fled. He shall remain there even after the victimโ€™s close relatives have calmed down and no lon-ger seek to avenge his blood. For even then, the victimโ€™s close relatives are required to kill the assailant if he leaves the city of refuge. This obligation devolves upon them until the high priest, who was anointed with the sacred oil, dies. There are two reasons why the obligation ceases with the death of the high priest: First, the high priest, by serving in the Templeโ€”particularly by performing the Yom Kippur rites that atone for the peopleโ€™s sinsโ€”enables Godโ€™s presence to dwell among the people and lengthens their lives. In contrast, a murderer, by killing a person, ban-ishes Godโ€™s presence from the world and shortens lives. It is therefore not fitting that the murderer should be free as long as the high priest who was in office when the crime was committed is alive. Secondly, we have seen that the death of the righteous atones for the sins of their generation.60 In this case, the death of the high priest (presumably a righteous person) will atone for the assailantโ€™s inadvertent sin. It is specifically the high priestโ€™s death that atones for this sin (rather than that of any other righteous person) because he had the power to pray on Yom Kippur that such a misfortune not occur; since in fact it did occur, he is held partly respon-sible.61 Nonetheless, if the high priest who was alive when the incident occurred died while the assailant was standing trial, and a new high priest was appointed before the trial was concluded, the murderer goes free only when the second high priest dies.26 But if the murderer goes beyond the border of the city of refuge to which he had fled,27 and the blood avenger finds him outside the limits of his city of refuge, the blood avenger must slay the murderer, for it is as if he is dead already and has no blood.28 Rather, the unintentional murderer must remain in his city of refuge until the high priest dies, and only after the high priest has died may the murderer return to the land which is his estate.29 These laws shall be a statute of justice for you, for all your generations, in all your dwelling places, even outside the Land of Israel: a minor court (of 23 judges) may try capital cases as long as the Sanhedrin (of 71 judges) is functioning in the Land of Israel.

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ONKELOS

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RASHI ืคืฉ: ื” ืืช ื”ื  ื”ื› ื ืœื”ืจื’ื• ืขืœ ืฉ ื” ื ืคืฉ ื•ื’ื•'. ื”ื‘ ืœ ืžื› 30 ื›ื”ืจื’ื•: ื•ื‘ื”ืชืจืื” ืžื–ื™ื“ ื‘ ืฉ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ ืฉ ื™ืจืฆื—. ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืชืงื—ื• 32 ื•ืœื ืžืžื•ืŸ: ื‘ ื˜ืจ ื™ืค ืœื ื›ืคืจ. ืชืงื—ื• 31 ื•ืœื ืžืงืœื˜ื•, ืขื™ืจ ืืœ ืก ื  ืฉ ืœืžื™ ืžืงืœื˜ื•. ืขื™ืจ ืืœ ืœื ื•ืก ื›ืคืจ ืŸ ื›ืคืจ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืช ืœื•ืช ื‘ ืฉื•ื’ื’, ืื™ื ื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื’ ื”ืจื’ ื‘ ืฉืžื•: ืžื• ืœื ืก, ื› ื”ืŸ: ืœื ื•ืก. ื› ื˜ืจื ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื› ืืจืฅ ื‘ ื‘ืช ื‘ ืœืฉ"ื ื•ื’ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ืžื”. ื”ืž ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉ ืฉ โ€” ืžืœื—ืžื”"25 "ืฉื•ื‘ื™ "ืฉื•ื‘" ืชืืžืจ ืจ ืืฉ ื› ื”ื™ื•"27. ืžืœื™ื ื™ "ื› ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืžื•ืขื“"26, ืŸ ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืจ, ื› ืœ ื› ืž ื‘ืจ, ื•"ืžื•ืœ" ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉ ื‘ ื› ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉ

ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ืจื—. ื‘ืจ. ื•ืงื•ืจื”ื• "ื ื•ืก", ื› ืก ื› ื  "ืœื ื•ืก" ืขืœ ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•: ืœื ืชืงื—ื• ื›ืคืจ ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ "ืœื ื•ืก" โ€” ืœื‘ืจื—, ื•ืชืคืจืฉื™ ื”ื™ืืš ืœื•ืช, ืœื ื™ื“ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœื‘ืจื—, ืœืคื˜ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ื’ ืœืžื™ ืฉืืจืฅ"; ื”ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืก, ื•ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ืช ื‘ ื™ืืžืจ: "ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉ"ื•ืœื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: ื› ื™ืขื•, ืชืจืฉ ื•ืœื ืชื—ื ื™ืคื•. 33 ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘?: ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื› ืœื ืชืฉ ืชื•ื›ื”. ืฉ ืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ ื‘ื•ืŸ": 34 ืืฉ ืชื—ื™ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ ืจืืœ. ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืชื•ืš ื™ ืื ื™ ื”' ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ ื˜ืžืืชื”: ื› ื‘ืจื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: 3 ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื›ื™ื ื” ืฉ ื”ื ื˜ืžืื™ื, ืฉ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื‘ื™ื•: ืŸ ืžืชื™ื—ืก ืขืœ ืฉ ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ ื ื” ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ ื”. ืฉ ื˜ ื”ืž

ื“ ืจืฆื— ื•ืขื“ ืื— ื— ืืชึพื” ื™ื ื™ืจืฆ ื™ ืขื“ ืคืฉ ืœืค ืœึพืžื›ื”ึพื  30 ื›

ื— ืจืฆ ืœื ืคืฉ ืคืจ ื› 31 ื•ืœืึพืชืงื—ื• ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืœืžื•ืช: ืœืึพื™ืขื ื” 32 ื•ืœืึพืชืงื—ื• ืช: ื™ื•ืž ื›ื™ึพืžื•ืช ืœืžื•ืช ืข ืจืฉ ืืฉืจึพื”ื•ื ืขื“ึพ ืจืฅ ื‘ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืงืœื˜ื• ื™ืจ ืืœึพืข ืœื ื•ืก ืคืจ ื›ื” ืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื‘ ื—ื ื™ืคื• ืืชึพื”ื ืŸ: 33 ื•ืœืึพืช ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ืœื“ื ืจ ืœืึพื™ื›ืค ืจืฅ ื•ืœื ืจืฅ ืืชึพื”ื ื™ืฃ ื™ื—ื  ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื“ ื™ ื›ืคื›ื•: 34 ื•ืœื ืชื˜ืžื ืืชึพ ื ืฉ ื ื‘ื“ ื” ื›ื™ึพื ืืฉืจ ืฉืคืšึพื‘ื™ ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื› ื” ืืฉืจ ืื  ื™ื ื‘ ืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื

ืœ:โ€‚ืค ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจื ืื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื” ืฉื›ื‘ื ื™ึพ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื” ื™ ืจืืฉ ื™ืงืจื‘ื• 36:1 ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™

ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื ื™ ืช ืžืฉืคื— ืž ื” ื‘ืŸึพืžื ืฉ ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸึพืžื› ื’ืœืขื“ ืœ: ื™ืฉืจื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื™ื ื”ื ืฉื ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืœื” ื‘ื  ืจืฅ ืช ืืชึพื”ื ืฆื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœืช ืืžืจื• ืืชึพืื“ื ื™ 2 ื•ื™ื—ืœืช ืชึพื  ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœืช ื‘ ืฆื•ื” ื•ืื“ื ื™ ืœ ื™ืฉืจื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ึพ ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ ืžื‘ื  ื“ ืœืื— ื”ื™ื• 3 ื• ื™ื•: ืœื‘ื ืช ื™ื ื• ืื— ื“ ืฆืœืคื—

ืœ ืฃ ืข ื™ื ื• ื•ื ื•ืก ื—ืœืช ืื‘ืช ื—ืœืชืŸ ืžื  ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื’ืจืขื” ื ืข: ื ื• ื™ื’ืจ ื—ืœืช ืœ ื  ื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื ื•ืžื’ืจ ื” ืืฉืจ ืช ื—ืœืช ื”ืžื˜ ื 

ื ืœืคื•ื ืกื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืœ ื“ 30 ื›ืœื ื—ื“ ื•ืกื”ื™ื“ ืงื˜ื•ืœื ื™ืช ื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ 31 ื•ืœื ืœืžืงื˜ืœ: ืื ืฉ ื‘ ื™ืกื”ื“ ื™ ื“ ืงื˜ื•ืœ ืื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ืชืงื‘ืืชืงื˜ืœื ืืจื™ ืœืžืžืช ื—ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ืชืงื‘ 32 ื•ืœื ื™ืชืงื˜ืœ: ืœืžืชื•ื‘ ื™ื–ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉ ืœืงืจื™ืช ืœืžืขืจืง ื”ื ื: ื› ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ ืขื“ ืืจืขื ื‘ ื‘ ืœืžืชื™ ืืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืช ืืจืขื ื“ 33 ื•ืœื ืชื—ื™ื” ืืจื™ ื“ืžื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื‘ ื™ืช ืืจืขื ื‘ืื™ ื ื–ื› ืจ ืขืœ ื“ ืค ื•ืœืืจืขื ืœื ืžืชื›ื“ื”: ืืฉ ื“ื ื‘ ืืœื”ื™ืŸ ื” ื‘ ื“ ืฉ ืืช ื“ื™ ื“ ืืจืขื ื™ืช ืชืกืื‘ื•ืŸ 34 ื•ืœื ืจื™ื ืฉ ื™ ื›ื™ื ืช ืฉ ื™ ื“ ื” ื‘ ื™ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ืฉ ื™ ื›ื™ื ืช ืฉ ื“ ื™ื™ ืื ื ืืจื™ ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื™ ืจืืœ: 36:1 ื•ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืจื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื’ื• ื‘ ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื ื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ื‘ ืื‘ื”ืชื ืœื–ืจืขื™ืช ื‘ื™ืœื• ื ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืœ ืจืขื™ืช ื‘ ื” ืžื– ืจ ืžื ืฉ ื‘ื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื“ื ื” ืžืฉ ืงื“ื 2 ื•ืืžืจื• ืจืืœ: ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ื”ืชื ืืจืขื ื™ืช ืŸ ืœืžืช ื™ื™ ื™ื“ ืคืง ืจื‘ื•ื ื™ ื™ืช ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืขื“ื‘ื ื‘ ืื—ืกื ื ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืžืจื ื“ื™ื™ ืœืžืช ื“ ื‘ ืง ื•ืจื‘ื•ื ื™ ืืชืคื™ืช ืื—ืกื ืช ืฆืœืคื—ื“ ืื—ื•ื ื ืœื‘ื ืชื”: ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉ ื ื™ ืžื‘ ืœื—ื“ 3 ื•ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื—ืกื ืช ื•ืชืชืžื ืข ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉืขืœ ื•ืชืชื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ื”ืชื ื ืžืื—ืกื ืช ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ ื“ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ืื—ืกื ืช

ื ื ื™ืชืžื ืข: ื•ืžืขื“ื‘ ืื—ืกื ืช

25. ืžื™ื›ื” ื‘, ื—. 26. ืฆืคื ื™ื” ื’, ื™ื—. 27. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”, ื”.

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maSeINumbers 35:30-36:3

218

64. Likutei Sichot, vol. 23, p. 182, note 7. 65. Above, 27:7.

30 Although the victimโ€™s close relatives are allowed (and required) to kill the mur-derer if he leaves the city of refuge, and no further trial is necessary, this is not the case with an intentional murder: Whoever, as a blood avenger, wants to kill a person for having intentionally killed his close relative, shall be allowed to slay the murderer only on the testimony of at least two witnesses that the accused was warned and acted intentionally. A single witness may not testify against a person so that he should die.31 You shall not accept monetary ransom for the life of a murderer who has killed inadvertently and is guilty of death if found outside the city of refuge by the blood avenger, for he must be put to death.32 Similarly, you shall not accept ransom for one who has killed inadvertently and fled to his city of refuge, to allow him to return to live freely in the land be-fore the high priest has died.33 You must not, by trying to circumvent these laws, corrupt the land in which you live, for the blood of the murdered corrupts the land, and the blood that is shed in the land through murder cannot be atoned for except through the blood of the one who shed it or the death of the high priest, as stated previously.34 You must not defile the land where you reside, in which I dwell, for this will cause Me to dwell in defilement, inasmuch as I am God, who continues to dwell among the Israelites even if they are defiled.โ€

The Laws of Inheritance, continuedSeventh Reading 36:1 The paternal heads of the family of the sons of Gilead the son of Machir the son of Manasseh, one of the families of the sons of Joseph, approached and spoke before Moses and before the princes, the paternal heads of the Israelites, when they were all assembled for study. They asked Moses about the law and addressed the princes as litigants.64

2 They said through one of them who spoke for them all, โ€œGod commanded my lord to give the land as an inheritance through lot to the Israelites, and my lord was commanded by God to give the inheritance of Tzelofechad our brother to his daughters.65

3 Now, if they marry a member of another tribe of the Israelites, their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of our fathers, and it will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry, for their sons will inherit them, and they will be part of their fathersโ€™ tribes. Thus, their inheritance will be taken away from the lot of our inheritance.

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ืžืกืขื™

ONKELOS

seventh reading

219

RASHI ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ28: ืขืชื™ื“ ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ 4 ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืœ. ืžื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืคืกืง: ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืœ. ื› ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช, ื•ืืคืœื• ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ ืฉืขืœ ื ื•ืกืคื” ืฉ ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื˜ื•, ืœืฉ ื—ืœื” ื”ื  ื—ื–ืจ ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืœื ืช ื ื—ืœื”. ืช ื™ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื: 8 ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ ืจ ืช ื” ืืฉ ื˜ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืž

ืืŸ ืžื ืืŸ ืŸ ืœืื‘ื™ื”: 11 ืžื—ืœื” ืชืจืฆื” ื•ื’ื•'. ื› ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ ืฉืกื“ืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื• ื› ื ื™ื, ื•ื ืฉ ืฉ ืชืŸ ื–ื• ืžื–ื• ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื’ื“ืœ

ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื›ื–ื•: ืฉ ื™ื“, ืฉ ืงืจื ืžื ืืŸ ืœืคื™ ื—ื›ืžืชืŸ. ื•ืžื’ ื”ืžื—ืกืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื™

ืœ ืข ืŸ ื—ืœืช ื  ื•ื ื•ืกืคื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” 4 ื•ืืึพื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืœืช ืžื˜ื” ืื‘ืช ื  ื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื ื•ืž ื” ืืฉืจ ืช ื—ืœืช ื”ืžื˜ ื ื™ื”ื•ื” ื™ ืขืœึพืค ืœ ื™ืฉืจื ืืชึพื‘ื ื™ 5 ื•ื™ืฆื• ืžืฉื” ืŸ: ื—ืœืช ื  ืข ื™ื’ืจืืฉืจึพ ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ 6 ื–ื” ื™ื: ื‘ืจ ื“ ืฃ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ื•ืก ืžื˜ื” ื›ืŸ ืจ ืœืืžื ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื™ื ื™ื” ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืข ืฆื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆืœืคื—ื“ ืœืืžื™ื: ืœื ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื ืื‘ื™ื” ืžื˜ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืš ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ ื› ืืœึพืžื˜ื” ื” ืžืžื˜ ืœ ื™ืฉืจื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื—ืœื” ื  ื‘ 7 ื•ืœืึพืชืก8 ื•ื›ืœึพ ืœ: ื™ืฉืจื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ื™ื• ืื‘ืช ืžื˜ื” ื—ืœืช ื‘ื  ื™ืฉ ืื“ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื” ืžืžื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื— ื—ืœ ืฉืช ื  ืช ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉ ืœ ื ื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจื ืขืŸ ื™ ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืืฉื” ืœืž ืžื˜ื” ืื‘ืจ ืื— ืœืžื˜ื” ื” ืžืžื˜ ื—ืœื” ื  ื‘ 9 ื•ืœืึพืชืก ื™ื•: ืื‘ืช ื—ืœืช ื ืืฉืจ 10 ื› ืœ: ื™ืฉืจื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืช ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื ื—ืœืชื• ื›ื™ึพืื™ืฉ

ื“: ืฆื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ืืชึพืžืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆืœืคื—ื” ื•ื ืข ื•ืžืœื›ื” ื•ื—ื’ืœื” ื” ืชืจืฆ ืžื—ืœื” ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ 11 ื•ืช ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ

ื‘ื ื™ึพ ืช ืžืฉืคื— 12 ืž ื™ื: ืœื ืฉ ืŸ ื“ื™ื” ื“ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ ืฆืœืคื— ื‘ื ื•ืช ื” ืขืœึพืžื˜ ืŸ ื—ืœืช ื  ื•ืชื”ื™ ื™ื ืœื ืฉ ื”ื™ื• ืฃ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื•ืก ืžื ืฉื” ืจ ืืฉ ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืช ื”ืžืฆื• ืœื” 13 ื ืŸ: ืื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืœ ื‘ ืข ืช ืžื•ื ืจื‘ ืœ ื‘ืข ื” ืืœึพื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจื ืฆื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื“ึพืžืฉ

ืŸ ื™ืจื—ื•: ื™ืจื“

ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœื ื™ื”ื™ 4 ื•ืื ืื—ืกื ืช ืขืœ ื”ืŸ ืื—ืกื ืช ื•ืชืชื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืื—ืกื ืช ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ ื“ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉื™ืชืžื ืข ื“ืื‘ื”ืชื ื ื‘ื˜ื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ ื™ืช ื” ืžืฉ ื™ื“ 5 ื•ืคืง ื”ืŸ: ืื—ืกื ืชืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื™ื™ ืžื™ืžืจื ืขืœ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉืœื™ืŸ: ืžืžืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ื™ืื•ืช ืœื‘ื ืช ื™ื™ ื™ื“ ืคืง ื™ ื“ ืžื ืชื’ ืค ื™ืŸ 6 ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืชืง ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืฆืœืคื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ืœื–ืจืขื™ืช ืจื ื‘ ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืŸ: 7 ื•ืœื ืชืกื—ืจ ื“ืื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื‘ื˜ื ืžืฉ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื—ืกื ื ื‘ื˜ื ืื—ืกื ืช ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื ืืจื™ ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ ืœืฉืจืืœ: ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืงื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื‘ ื“ืื‘ื”ืชื•ื”ื™ ืื—ืกื ื ื™ืจืชืช ื ืจืช ื‘ 8 ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื“ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื™ ืช ื“ืื‘ื•ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื ืฉ ืจืขื™ืช ืžื–ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ื™ื™ืจืชื•ืŸ ื“ ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ ืœืื ืชื• 9 ื•ืœื ืื‘ื”ืชื•ื”ื™: ืื—ืกื ืช ื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ื˜ื ืœืฉ ื‘ื˜ื ืžืฉ ืื—ืกื ื ืชืกื—ืจ ื” ืื—ืกื ืช ื‘ ื’ื‘ืจ ืืจื™ ืื—ืจื ื ืจืืœ: ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉ ืงื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื‘ืŸ ื› ื” ืžืฉ ื™ืช ื™ื™ ื™ื“ ืคืง ื“ื™ ืžื 10 ื›11 ื•ื”ื•ืื” ืฆืœืคื—ื“: ื ืช ื‘ ืขื‘ื“ื• ื” ื•ื ืขื” ืžื—ืœื” ืชืจืฆื” ื•ื—ื’ืœื” ื•ืžืœื›ืื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ืื—ื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืฆืœืคื—ื“ ื ืช ื‘ื‘ืจ ื” ืžื ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ืจืขื™ืช 12 ืžื– ื™ืŸ: ืœื ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืช ืื—ืกื ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ืื” ืœื ืฉื™ืŸ 13 ืืœ ืื‘ื•ื”ืŸ: ื–ืจืขื™ืช ื‘ื˜ ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื‘ ื™ื™ ื™ื“ ืคืง ื™ ื“ ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืคืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉ ื‘ ืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ ื‘ ื” ืœื•ืช ื“ืžืฉ

ื ื ื“ื™ืจื—ื•: ื“ืžื•ืื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืจื“

ืงืœ"ื‘ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ืžื—ืœ"ื” ื—ื•ืœ"ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ.ืกื›ื•ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื'ืจืค"ื—. ืืคืจ"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ. ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื•ื”ื™"ื” ื”ืื™"ืฉ ืืฉ"ืจ ืื‘ื—"ืจ ื‘"ื• ืžื˜ื”"ื•

ื™ืคืจ"ื—. ื•ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื™'. ื”' ื‘ื“"ื“ ื™ื ื—ื ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ. ื•ืกื“ืจื™ื• ืœ"ื‘. ืœ"ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื ืœื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ. ื•ืคืจืงื™ื• ืœ"ื•. ืœ"ื• ื—ื›ืžื• ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœื• ื–ืืช ืกื™ืžืŸ. ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆ"ื‘ ื•ื”ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ืก"ื•. ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืงื "ื— ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง"ืš

ื•ื ื—ืœืชืš ืกื™ืžืŸ.

28. ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ื’, ื.

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maSeINumbers 36:4-13

219

66. Leviticus 25:8-13. 67. Mishneh Torah, Shemitah vโ€™Yovel 10:8, from Leviticus 25:10. 68. See above, 14:38 and on 26:55. Likutei Si-chot, vol. 8, p. 175, note 28. 69. Their husbands were apparently not from the clans of Machir or Gilead, who received inheritances on the east side of the Jordan. See above, on 32:33, Joshua 17:4, and Likutei Sichot, vol. 33, p. 189, note 45.

4 Even if the Israelites will observe a Jubilee year after they die66โ€”in which land returns to its original ownerโ€”their inheritance will still remain in their sonsโ€™ pos-session and be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry, for only sold land returns to its original owner in the Jubilee year, not inherited land. And in any case, the Jubilee is observed only when the majority of the Jewish people are living in the Land of Israel,67 and this may not always be the case. Thus, their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of our fathersโ€™ tribe.โ€5 Moses commanded the Israelites according to the word of God, saying, โ€œThe tribe of Josephโ€™s descendants speak justly.6 This is the word that God has commanded regarding Tzelofechadโ€™s daughters: Let them marry whomever they please, but they shall marry only someone from the family of their fatherโ€™s tribe.7 Thus, the inheritance of the Israelites will not be transferred from tribe to tribe, for each person from the Israelites will remain attached to the inheritance of his fathersโ€™ tribe. (The only exception to this is the fact that Joshua and Calebโ€™s children were given the land inheritances of the other spiesโ€™ children.68)8 Every daughter from the tribes of the Israelites who inherits property because her father had no sons must marry a member of a family of her fatherโ€™s tribe, so every Israelite shall inherit the property of his forefathers9 and no inheritance will be transferred from one tribe to another tribe, for each person of the tribes of the Israelites shall remain attached to his own inheri-tance.โ€10 Tzelofechadโ€™s daughters did as God had commanded Moses.Maftir 11 Machlah, Tirtzah, Choglah, Milkah, and Noahโ€”in this order, the order of their birthโ€”married their cousins.12 They married into the families of the sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph, and their inheritance remained with the tribe of their fatherโ€™s family.69

13 These are the commandments and the ordinances that God commanded the Israelites through Moses in the plains of Moab, by the Jordan, opposite Jericho.

The Haftarah for the Second Sabbath of the Three Weeks may be found on p. 256.

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