ProFile 3 (Jon Naunton) Workbook

8/17/2019 ProFile 3 (Jon Naunton) Workbook

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usiness

Jon Naunton

.

Upper Intermediate

Workbook

OXFOR

UNIV RSITY

PR SS


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p37 ' It's Thursday, so

mu st be

worth a pay rise' by Kate Watson·Smyth,

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ndependent

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Independent

Newspape rs UK ) limited.

p42 'Ham

l

ey's

make-or·break ti me' by Nigel Co

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pp8 (Lawren

ce

Manning), 9 (Russell Underwood), 10 (Charl es O'Rear),

13 (Hurewitz Creative

), 19 G

erhard Steiner), 22 (Stravato Micahel Sygma

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Franken ), 58b (Lawrence Manning),

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Productions), 60

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ill Alkofer

Sygma),

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(Larry Williams),

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(Steve Rayme r),

65

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Ubiquitous); Getty Ima ges pp14 (Christian Hoehn{fhe Image Bank),

23

Shuji

K

obayas

hi

/Sto

ne ),

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FP

C In

te

rnati

o

nal

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an

Peterson),

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41.

6 1

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Ben

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43, 51, 63


4/82

r

I

Contents

Vocabulary-learning tips

4

1

Target markets

6

Triumph and disaster

3

Prioritizing

6

4 Globalization

2

5 Company u lture

6

6

Supply and demand

3

7

Negotiations

36

8

Staying competitive

4

9

Fair exchanges

6

1

Human

r

so

urces

5

Business start-up

56

12

Reputations

6

Answer key

66


5/82

4

VOCABULARY-LEARNING TIPS

ProFile

3

Upper-intermediate

helps yo u expand and develop

your vocabulary. Each

unit of

the Wo rkbook has a

Vocabulary section whi ch reviews the vocabulary from the

Student's Book.

Here are a few tips to help make vocabula ry learning a

mor

e

va

luable and enjoyable experience.

Learning vocabulary in context

To acquire new bus iness vocabulary you can ...

read newspapers and magaz in

es like The

Economist

or Business Week

listen and watch business news prog ramm es .

Use

the context to help you guess the meanings of

unknown

words.

For example :

Hod

gkins

have beell

purveyors

of

ine

foods

for

170 years,

and

members

of th

e

royal

family

are

among their most valued

customers.

We

can guess that purveyors has a meaning similar to se

ller

or provider.

As well as learning new wo rds

or

phrases in

co

ntext it is

al

so i_mportant to use them act ively

wherever

pos

sible in

conversa

ti

o n or in written work. This will enable you to test

their use and appropriacy in a range

of

differe

nt

contexts.

Using dictionaries

A monolingual dictionary such as the Oxford Dictionary of

Bu

siness English or

the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

wi

ll

provide a

mor

e

thorough

understanding

of

a new word

than a bilingual dictionary. It will also provide information

on:

1 pronunc iation; for example: invoice /mv':Jls/

2 stress; for example : invoice

/'mv'Jls/

is s tressed on the

first syllable;

pioneer

p a I ~ I 1 I ~ is stressed mainly on

the third, but also on the first syllable

3 parts

of

speech

n,

v, adv,

adj

4 whether a noun is countable

[C]

or uncountable [U]

5 examples

of

use

6 similar

or

contrasting words.

What information can yo u find in the following dictionary

defi nition?

income f I k ml ll [C,U] money obtained

through

return on investment or as a salar

y,

usually received

on a regular basis:

i

t s

(1

fa

mily

with two

incomes as

th

e

husband and wi fe botl work. Compare EXPEN

DITURE

Organizing vocabulary

Use a notebook to create an alphabetical list for quick

and easy reference. Note new words as you come across

them

. Include a definition the word

's

part

of

sp

ee

ch

a

nd if

necessary an example

of

its use and a

not

e

on

when the word

may be

used i.e. is

it

formal or informal?

For example:

S

H A

R.e' 11\.. tll\.vestOY$ but1 slolayes, til\.

Q

CDIII.< :PQlI\,.tj

SACK. (tll\.foY1'\o\.Ql) ;

to

i i s ~ ~ s o l l l . < . t o ~ f y o ~

thety ob oftell\. because of thety

p

OOl

petforw.all\..Ce

y

thetl

beh(wi.oKI

seCOND HAND adj. All"eA(i( :j IA,.SW btl soVl.t.tbo(i(tj else,

II\.Ot

'W.

.sAMPLe'

11\.. s o l M . . t t h t ~

thAt peoplt Aye gtvell\,. to tytl

oy taste.

"".""'pl. , We lilw> the free s .....pl. the

A l t s ~ A '

gAve t.(. .

so we dectded.

to

ot du

SOI \l\.t

I'\A.,()l t.

2

Us

e another

notebook to

record new voc

ab

ulary in

memor

able groups.

Note words on the

sa

me topic togethe

r.

At>V6R.nSI NCi COpYWR.IT6R. = • pe",o", ~ 1 O wlites

the

woms for .avertiselM.t1M:< . ' oo"""",rciais.

She

OL(.Y

best c o - p ~ w r i . t e Y ; snt comts up w ~ t n

rtall :j gooa ,aeas

for

.avertiselM.t"'ts

. ' slog

..... .

"V'tR.Ci6T = o ehoose

•

grol


6/82

way

of

recording new vocabulary items

is

grammar. For example:

OF 1 6RSONA Lr ry

t e l ~ C t b l e ~ p l . < . V \ . C t l A . Q l ~ tl 1.


7/82

6

arget markets

VOCABULARY

1 Find

15

words to do with m

ar

ket ing and adve rtising

YEN D 0 R 5 E K H N A NW

L D C T C 5 A T U RAT E R

G P O S P O N S O R X MWP

LRMKALQKKWPHI I

AOM

L C FW

GVA

HNE

I

UMEWCS

EGMENTPM

NORCOP YWR

I T E R

C T C I U M E D I D C F G

HI I WB I R O N Y S N T E

SOA

E

M Q C A M P A I G N

YN

LL

XCG I S X H J Z

J K V 0 I

CE

0 V E R W X H

N V Z F P E Y H S L O G N

E Q

BRA

N D G E R X 0 U P

2

Match some

of

the words

fo

und in 1 to these d

efi

nition

s

1 The voice of an actor which you

hear

in

an

adver

ti

semen

t

2 An advertising strategy with long term .aims. _ _ _

3

What

someone fam

ous doe

s when they publicly approve a particular

product.

4 A kind

of

hUlllour often used in advertising where a sentence has a

double

meaning. _

5 A weU known and easily recognizable make of product. _ _ _

6 To introduce a new product into the market through advertising

and prom

otion.

7 A section

of

a market representing a certa in type of consumer.

8 A memorable phrase which is used to advert ise a product. _ _

9 To completely

fi

ll a market so it cannot absorb any more of a given product.

10

The overall impressi

on

a

produc

t creates in the minds

of

consumers.

11 The person who writes the text for advertisements. _ _ _

12

An

advertisement. _


8/82

Read the article abo ut new ways advertisers are using to reach their audiences,

and

decide whether these statements are true 1) or false

P).

People can be so exposed to advertising that they are no longer

awa

re of it. .

2 The TiVo box is a special piece of equipment for showing advert isements. .

3 Un dercover marketing in bars is aimed at corporate employers.

4 Advertisers need to find new

ways

of reaching the young

...

5 So l understands the need for new approaches to reach British consumers .

6 Product placeme nt is a recent phenomenon in the

US

film industry .

7 Product placement is banned on British TV .

Target markets

8 jonathan

Res

sler believes that ordinary people will mostly rep

lace

superstars

in

the

endorsement of products. .....

in the United Stares

suggests

that

a tee

nager

is

exposed

to

lip

to

3,000

television

ads

a d } ~

These ads

can

become

white noi se,

barely noticeable. The huge

growt

h

of

sa tellite

h n n e l

and

the introduction of

the

TiVo box, which can

record

programmes

while

filtering our the ads, has

reduced the reach of the

television commercial even

more. As a re sult, brands

are turning increasingly to

undercover marke tin g. In

America, actresses are hired to go

into

bars ro offer stra

nger

s particular

brand

s of alco

ho

l, ciga retres or sna cks.

They never reveal the truth of

their

mission, bur the

int

entions are

[

help

foster a feel-good

image

for their

empl oyers. This stealth

advertisin g is aimed particu la rly

at

o un g consu mers who

are no

longer

inAuenced

by

the heavy sell

wit

h which

hey have grown up.

Brita in is not far

behind the USA

wit

h

this technique. Last night

in

London, party

lo

ve

rs

co

uld

li

sten

on

their

mobile

phones to

a

list of

places

to go out under the slogan Solo n a

mission . When they relax in front of

the soa

p

opera Hollyoaks

they will see

actors drinking

from

bottle

s

of

Sol

Mexican

beer. It is all part of a £lm

campa ign by Sol, which is rejecting

normal advertising in favour of mo re

covert m

ethods. Toda

y s youth

arc

very

cynica l, said Zoe Smith, Sol s brand

manager

in Britain. You cannot be toO

obvious.

Th

ey like something a litrle bit

di f

fer

ent

that challenges th em

.

In H

ollywood,

product

placemem

has been

arou

nd for decades.

Producer

s

ca n colleer

upwards

of £75,000 a time

from

co mp

anies

wanting their product

to be seen

on the

screen. To an

extent

,

the same is

true

of television,

although

the methods are more subtle. British

TV co mpani

es face heavy fines

from

the Ind

epend

ent Television

Co m missi

on

if they

accept payment

for

product

placement

. Marketing firm s

Find words

or

expressions

in the

text which

mean ...

a background sound that is so constant yo u don t notice it

2 removing something by passing it through special equipment

3 advertising which re

lie

s on making a product visible in a fi lm or on TV .

4 an object which is used by actors in a film or play .

5 the ordinary pers

on in

the str

ee

t .

have therefore relabelled this as

prop

provision .

The

Sol beer in Holl yoaks is

used as a realistic prop. No m

oney is

paid to t he programme-makers. It

soun

ds an ifici al for a character to walk

into a pub and ask for a cola drink,

sa id the

lTC

s

Hel

ena

Hird.

Some

ente

rpri

sin g consumers

are

findin g novel ways of

exp

loiring the

urge

to brand

a ny

thing

that moves. A

Dutch student,

hirch-hiking round rhe

world, is

naming on

his website

diary

th e horels that give

him

free

accommodat ion . Jonathan Re ss

ler

,

whose agency has helped

to

pioneer

product

placeme

nt

methods. says this

is

St

the

beginning. You re definitely

go ing to see rea l people being

sponsored by companies. It s n

ot

going

to

be a s

uperstar

like Michael Jordan,

it s

going

to be Mr Jo e Average.

And

it ll be ch

eaper, more

effective and

carry far more

cre

dibiliry, he sa id.

We ve

had

realiry television, he argues,

so

what s wrong

with

reality

advertising?

The Times

Find the words from the box below in the text you have just read. Which words suggest the idea of

...

1 newness and originali

ty?

2 sec

re

cy?

covert pioneer undercover novel stealth enterprising

7


9/82

8

Target markets

GRAMMAR

1

Compl

e

te th

e ar t icle w ith

an

app rop riate

form

of

the

ve

rb

s in

bra

ckets.

Hundreds of people

1 •••••••••.•••.•••••.••••.•• (stand) in

the street and

• _ •

(applaud)

because they

(watch)

something

inc

redible.

In

the centre of the road is

lu cy Garnett, and if she

4 •••• •• ••••.••••.••••.••

(look)

tired, who can blame her?

6ecause since last Friday evening, she 5

••.••••.••..•••.••••

.. ••..•

(dance) non·stop. She came up

wi

th the concept of a dance

marathon as a publicity stunt to launch a new night-club. So

far, both she and her

cl

ient ' ...... .................. (be) delighted

with the coverage

they 7 .••••.•••..•• .••••.••••.••

(

rec

eive) from the

press and local TV.

lucy started her company, PReecentric, shortly after she

graduated, and since then, she ' ............. . . (think up)

clever ideas to draw attention to her clients' businesses and

products. lu cy

9 .•.••..••••••••••••••••••.•

(believe) that her service -

an

unusual combination of PR and street theatre - can be a

2

Before wr iting the article in 1, a journalist we

nt

to

in

terv

iew

Lucy_Use the p rompts

to

write his

questions

IN

TE

RVIE WER:

How long / you /

dance?

lUCY : Since yes

terday

evening - I feel

exhausted

2 INTERVIEWE R: When / know / if / advertising

campaign / be successful?

lUCY: We normally know by

the

end of the first week

of the campaign.

3

INTERV

IE

WER:

Which / your campaigns / you think /

be

/ most successful?

lUCY: The one for Vaxis Chemists was amazingly

successful. In 1999, I think it was.

much better use of an advertising budget than unfocused

advertising.

TV

ads and even radio commercials

.... ..... (cost) an absolute fortune,' lucy says.

'8ut if a stunt

11

...............

..

. (catch) the attention of

th

e

media, then it

12 .•.••

.•••

•.•

•••.

.•• ...

•••.. (get) the same coverage for

free.' The campaign she n .................. (currently work on)

sho

uld

generate three times as much

air

time and newspaper

coverage as a conventional newspaper campaign. In her

career, she

14 _ ._ •• •••.••••• . (run) a number

of

successful

stunts which S •••• .••••.•••••.••••.•••••• (pay) dividends. She

16 • •

(cover) a london bus with wallpaper

for

a

manufacturer, and 17._ •.•.••••••••••• (even go) 'Street

mountaineering'.

This

new 'sport '

18 ....... .... ... .............

involve)

crawling along the high street in full climbing equipment,

roped together with her partners

To

help

her,

she

usually 19

•••

.••.•••••••••.••••••••••

(employ) students

from

the local

art school or drama college; or else young actors who

2 •• ..••••••••..•..••••.•••..

(look)

for

more interesting part time

work than fast-food restaurants.

Ho

wever, when she

21

... ...................

(not be) 'surreal' for her

job,

lucy

22

.. ....... .... ...

.. _ .

(be) a calculating bUSinesswoman, as at

home

in

a suit

as in

a giant banana costume.

4

INTERVIEWER:

How / you / find

new

employees at

PReccentric?

lU CY:

Often through adverts in trade newspapers.

5

INTERVIEWER:

What campaigns you / run at the

moment?

lUCY; One for a local theme park and one for a

chain

of

leisure centres.

,

,


10/82

..

SPE KING

1

Correct

the

mistakes in these sentences.

Absolutely J am agree with everything you've sa id.

2 According to me, they make the streets look bright and cheerfuL

3 I'm not sure what do I belie

ve

any more.

4 By

far

as we

're concerned, it's not true.

5 In the other hand, you could have right.

6 Aren't you agreed that it 's an absolutely scandal?

7 From

my

opinion, we should do someth ing about

it.

8 When I sec it, the yout h

of

today are easily brainwashed.

Some friends arc discussing advertising. Complete th eir conversation with expressions

from the box.

up to a p

omt

to e with

come off

it

a that as ide

we

agree on

what ~

thing

JOANNA:

If

I were President, I would ban all

advertisements.

VIN: Why would you do that?

JOANNA: Because they make us too materialistic.

DAVID: 1 __ ______ ___ ___ __ _......_. , Joanna

Yo

u of all people,

you're very fashion-conscious.

KE

VIN:

Yeah.

2 .............. _

to suggest.

DAVID: What would happen if there were no

advertisements?

KEVIN Well, 3

............. ' people wouldn't know

about new product

s.

DAVID: And the economy would fall

to

pieces.

JOANNA:

People would still find

out

by word

of

mouth.

KEVIN : Eventually they wou ld,

but

it would be very slow

OAVID: 4

.......

. . __ don

t

you think they make our lives brighter?

JOANNA: Well ,s .

..........................

I

do

,

but

J just think it's a shame that so much creativity

is wasted on selling soap powder.

KEVIN: Yes

I agree with that,

but witho

ut the commercial break, we wou ld miss part of

the film

or

t he programme

if

we wanted to get a

dri

nk.

JOANNA

: You're right.

DAVID:

At last 6

....... somet hing

Target markets

9


11/82

10

Target markets

WRITING

1

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; e b ~ :

introduction to a p iece of advertising c

op

y with wo rds and expressions

and if

all of th S

copacar.com

You

wou

ldn

t

play

poker

with

a pro, would

you?

1 •••.••••..••••.••••._ ••..•

that

is

exactly what

we

do when we buy a

new

ca

r

from

a showroom. On

average,

we buy a car every five years, 2

a

lOp sa

l

es

man

se

lls

fiv

e a week. J h ..

.

ow on earth

ca

n

we

expect

to

make a de

al in

our

favour

?

:he short answer is. we can t: 4 •• .. •.•. .. ••... ••••. ..•••. we don t stand a chance .

_

mo

st of

us

l

eave

{he showroom hundr

eds. if nOt

thousand

s,

of pounds poorer than

we

needed

0

be.

6

depres

si

ngly

familiar,

don t despair - help is just a

~ ~ ; ; .

is

At copacar.com our fi rst price is our one-and·only price. A price you ll

find ha rd to beat anywh

ere,

No hassle . no haggle.

2 Now use the headi

ng

s and notes below to wr ite the rest

of

the cop y,

I HDvJ vJE 54-vt i DU MD

Nt i

No

~ p u ? S i v L

shostlYDDf1IS to

wn

No

-tiu li

p on


12/82

riumph and disaste

the clues

to

complete the puzzle. Find the mystery

wo

rd: the arrangement you have

the b nk when you need to draw more money than is in yo ur account.

7

.

1

2

3

4

5

/

8

/

9

Another word for {l krupt.

2 The fixed costs that any business has to pay.

3 A long-term loan to buy a house or a flat.

4 The buildings

or

offices frOIll where you operate your business.

5 Someone you

owe

money to.

6 A

way

of

paying for expens

ive

goods e.g a c

r or

a washing machine over

a per iod

of

time.

two words)

7 Regular payments as

p rt of the

con tract for

6

8 Money entering and leaving a business on a regula r basis.

9 A healthy company

is

able to meet its liabilities with these.

11


13/82

12


READING

1 Read the article about a new invention and decide if statemen

ts 1 7

are true n

or fa l

se F).

1

The binary actuator is Danny ChapchaJ s finest

in

ve ntion.

2 The device has global protection against illegal copying .....

3 The binary actuator increases the speed

of

jets and car motors .

4 International firms are actively involved

in

trying out the device

..

S Wyg nan s

ki

took less than a year to produce the gadget. .

....

.

6 Its biggest drawback is that it consumes large amounts

of

energy .....

7 Christopher McDouall believes the actuator has a brilliant future.

.... .

inner business

innovation

Danny

Chapcha\, chairman

of Camcon

TechnoLogy,

has

a

nice

story to

teLL

about

his

company, winner

of

this yea(s Business

Innovation Award. When

he took

ov r as

chairman it was to raise

money for

the firm

which has worLd-wide patents on the

binary

actuator.

The

bina Y actuator? Does this sound very

exciting?

CertainLy

not to the first venture

capitaL organization Mr ChapchaL approached.

Within days of

receiving

the

company s offer

they wrote back

saying

we cannot see the

market

for

this technoLogy . Mr ChapchaL

thinks they wilL end up

in

the same position

as

the company

that

turned

down

the

Beatles.

The binary

actuator is a vaLve; a

simpLe

but

brilliant re-invention of the valve, and a

step-change in technoLogy that wiLL make

rippLes

around

the

worLd

.

A

vaLve is a simpLe

device

that controls the

movement

of a Liquid

or gas in

a system, preventing the liquid

from

moving in more than one direction.

Imagine something that couLd reduce

jet

engine noise by 9O t. and

alLow

ambulances

to

go

over speed bumps without sLowing

down ... these appLications are just a

beginning.

Camcon TechnoLogy

is

now

the

destination

for

top management from the

world s

big

companies,

many

of

which are

piLoting

the

new

valve.

The

binary

actuator was

invented

by

Polish

sound engineer and academic,

Wladyslaw

Wygnanski, who has spent more

than two

decades perfecting what at first seems to

be

the most

simple

of gadgets.

The vaLve

works by

using

magnets and

springs and

very

Little

power.

t

works

for

a

Long

time and at great speed. These

quaLities

are what

peopLe

who use vaLves have been

searching for, and there is every chance that

Camcon wilt make

the big time.

Christopher

McDouaU

, a director

of

the

company says: This

is

the beginning

of

something that

over

the next

25

years wilL

become extremely

significant: He

shouLd

know;

he began

his

career

with the Legendary

Barnes

Wallis - inventor

of

the

jet

engine -

and was

also

invoLved in the

early

days of

Concorde.

Mr McDouaU adds; You can t

say

it

is Like the transistor, but it is similar to the

effect it

will have:

Commenting on the award, Mr

Wygnanski

said :

Thi

s is proof that inventors and the

business community

in

(ambridge

is

truly

international:

-

2 Fi

nd

the

names

of

the

se

four techni

ca

l items

a d

in the text.

3

Fi

nd the words and expressions

in

thc article which mean:

1

a kind

of

licence which gives the right to make use or

se

ll an invention for a

certain period (paragraph I)

2 a counting system which con

sis

ts

of

ze ro and I (paragraph I)

3 an effect, like \ hen a stone is dropped into water (paragraph 3)

4 us

es

(n) ( paragraph 4)

5 a clever, new, small technological device (paragraph 5)


14/82

Complete the text using a suitable narrative for m of the

ve

rb

s in b rackets.

hen

Donno

Wallis

I

(work) as 0 PA in

ifferent City of

london

businesses she 2 _ ••••...•.•.•..••.•••• •••

often ask) to arrange receptions and parties. She

ventually 3 . . .

____...

know)

exactly

which venues

nd

personnel 10 hire

and by her

fovrth firm,

she

.......

..

become) the acknowledged expert in

One day

while she $ . ________ _ ................. arrange)

for

a publishing firm, she suddenly

hove) a brainwave. She

••••

...•..• realize) thot

for

the post five years

B ••••. ••••••• ..•.•••••.•....• waste)

her

time as a PA and thot

9 .... ... ..... ...

can offer) her services

to

other

for

a fat fee .

So

she

10

...•••...•.••

give

her iob and 11 ....•••. ... •.•...•.••••..•.• approach) all the

where she once

12

.

. work). The

13 ...... .......•.••.••.• ...... grow) so quickly that three

later she u ........... take) the logical step

f

opening her own office. Within a couple

of

years

IS ..•.•••••••••••...••.••••••.• e ~ p a n d ) even further and

.. .... ....•••

•••

.•..

.....••.

transfer)

her

know-how into

organization.


2

Usc

the prompts to make sentences with a similar

meaning to the ones given.

1 Martin dropped us off. We realized we were at the

wrong terminal.

We

J

on

ly J realize

we

be al wrong terminal after

Martin drop us off.

2 We waited for three

hour

s. They finally called

ou

r

flight numbe

r

We J wait three

hour

s th

ey

fina

ll

y ca

ll

J

our

flight

number.

3 The plane took off. The emergency light came on

No s

ooner

plane take off than Jemergency

li

ght

come on.

4

Dmin

g the drive from the airport

am

taxi bro ke

down.

While

we

J

drive

J

airport taxi

br

eak down.

5 Everybody left. \Ne got to

th

e office.

6

y

the time we Jget

I

office

I eve

rybody / already J

leave.

I forgot to pack any shirts. I unpacked my sui tcas

e

When J 1/ un pack suitcase / I rea

lize

J that J

I forget J pack / any shirts.

7 Carlos worked

in

the

Bar

celona branch seven

ye

ars.

His boss decided to promote him.

Carlos / work seven years J before his boss J

decide promote him.

13


15/82

14


SPE KING

1 Use the prom pts to complete the conversat ion.

ANGELA: I / make / terrible gaffe / at / party. I I I ask Te rry I why I he I leave I

old job.

I..m.Q(/.f..Q. . f . ( r i p J f . g Q f [ f . . . U h . f . P . Q . f 1 Y . · . . . Q ~ ~ t . T m y ..w.t yll.e.:r ..

.fJfi

Jh .QI.r .jgJ , ................. .

2 CLAUDIO: oh dear / you I not know / he / be / sacked?

3 ANGELA:

no / and / he /

ca

n

t

I like I be / reminded / it.

4

CLAUOIO: well

/ I / be / sure /

yo

u / not mean / upset / him .

5 ANGELA:

all

/ same / he / must / be / embarrassed.

6

CLAUDIO:

th ings / happen. I I / not worry I

it

/

if

I I I be / you.

2 Pat Jones is speaking to Harry Morris about the latc delivery of an order. Rearrange

the words in italics to complete their conversation.

1 PAT:

I ve only just received

my

order.

it hove courier should senl -

by been

.

J J . I . . c . h f y f k f ~ J ~ ~ O J ~ Q . l . [ i ~ [ ; ....

..

_.........

2

H

AR

RY:

I'm sorry;

I realize do

we

thot arranged had to didn

1

PAT:

But this

is

unbelievable It's written on

my

order

3 HARRY:

appreciate

angry I

- you how

Pot

are,

but there

s

nothing about a

courier on my copy.

4 PAT:

Isn't there?

well - there - 1- a suppose have mix-up might

been.

5 HARRY: Oh dear.

do hope

J

w

l l

fault you forgive our if it s

us.

6 PAT:

worry it s

pr

obably those just don t things

of well one.


16/82

In m

ob

i

le

phone text messages, a word may

be

sho rtened by remov ing

th

e vow

el

s

a, e

i

0,

II

).

for example:

meetitlg

=

g.

Sometimes l

etters which rh

y

me

with a

wo

rd

arc used, for example:

b

=

be.

The first leiter of a word may be used as an abbreviation,

fo r example: IV = w/rere

Match these ab breviations to th eir meanings 1-14 below.

b c

r

2

2moro

4

L8r

cub

f t t

thnx

wru u

1 latc

8

thanks

2

speak ......

9 lat e r

3

'

10

fo'

.

4

b, 11 where are you _ .

S

(ree to talk 12

MO

to

6

ca

ll

yo u back

......

13

you

7

tomorrow

14

'

Now 'tr anslate th e lex messages below between Carl and Jenny into

ordinary English.

CARL:

2 JENNY:

3

CARL:

4 JENNY:

r u ok

S

CAR L:

es thnx

6

JENNY :

7 CARL :

€ i i ~ ~

8 JENNY :

'

~ ...........................

.............

L8

spk

Triumph and disaster 15


17/82

16

rioritizing

VOCABULARY

1

Choose the

COf f

cc

t

word

to

compl ete the sentences.

1

Plea

se be punctual. I'd like the meeting to start in all

lime.

2 The feasib ility stu dy is like

/

likely to

be

finished y Thursday

3 Constru ction work is a lready six weeks behind timetable

/

sched ule.

4 The train is due 10 / for leave at twelve tomorrow.

S We'll miss the

deadlille I time limit

for thi s project

if

we're

nOI

careful.

6 Why do n't we postpone / callce/ lhe meeting to a lat

er

date?

7 She begins each day

by

openin g the post a

nd

checking her

ema

il. It

s

always the

sa me schedule I routine.

a

We

should finish th is task without further

dcadl;lIe

/ delay.

9 If

we

IIl1rry

lip

/

catch lip

we'll be able to jo in the others .

10

You

should never call

o pllt o lo tomorrow

s

om

ething

yo

u can

do

today.

11

We

have really fallen

out

/

behind wi th

this project; we need to

cat

ch

liP

/

make lip

the time we have lost.

12 Your

account

is still

outstanding

/

understandillg.

Please pay within the next

five

working days.

2 Replace the words in ha

jj

es with a word or expression fro m

th

e box.

1

tim to t ime me ntime

a

time it s time to

overtime

lui

a

waste of tim

In the old days

children used

to

wor k in these mines

........

.

...................

.

2 She

earned

money for her holiday by working a lot of extra hOllrs.

3 I wish

J

hadn

't g

on

e to the meet

in

g - it was completely useles

s.

4

You

write to the ban

k. ~ l l i l e

YOII re doillg tllat I'll phone the suppliers.

5 Oemsiof/ally we have some customers who

do n

' t pay

...

......

......... .........

.

6

J

don t want

to

work forty /rollrs a week so I m o rgan izing a

jo

b-share.

7

Six o'clock Let

s go .

.

....

.............

.........

.

3

Contin

ue the second sentence so th at it means

the

same as the first one.

1 J couldn

t fin

d a taxi for ages.

t

took. . ............

.........

..........................

...

....

...

.....

...

.

2 The in terviews start at 2.00 and finish at 4.00.

The

interviews last

..

........

..................

..

.

3 We discussed his proposal for

three hou rs.

We spent ......................

...

.......

...

..

...

......

...

.

..........

....

4

Robert

phoned durin

g Lily's meeting with Joe.

Robert p

hon

ed wh

il

e

....

. ...

.........

.... ...

.

........

...................

............

.

............ ................

.


18/82

Read the a rt ide and choose a,

b,

or c

to

complete statemcnlS 1-5.

The mantlgers . .

a were kcen to learn from the academic world.

b had been on many such courses.

c regarded the presente r with a lot

of

respect.

2 y

the

end of

the

presentation the

audience s

attitude had changed

from

.. .

.

a enthusiasm to

boredom.

b horror

\0

interest.

c amusement to disgust.

3 She filled the container

to

the lOp ...

a twice.

b three limes.

c four times.

4 The message some of the managers understood wa s ...

a there is a limit to what we can do.

b

we must squeeze

more into

each day.

e we

mu

st always have a list

of

priorities.

5 The presenter's message to the managers was

...

a always focus

on

what 's important first.

b

YOll

can always make

time i f

you want to.

c small

problems can

gr

ow into

big

on

es.

N expert

on

time management

was once invited to give a talk to

of

senior managers

on

a

ining day. Veterans o f decade:;

of

i

ne

management,

they

looked

at

r with a seen-it-all, heard-it-before

wonderi ng wha l

of any

possibly tell

them.

With no

ion, she bega n, Today, we

going to do a little practical

iment. A couple

of

less polite

rs

of

her audience sighed, while

nward ly groaned at

the

t

of filli

ng in time sheets

and

r planners.

From under her desk

she took

a

re container with a

open neck.

Then she

picked

up

a

hich had exact ly fiftet n rocks

it - each

one

was about

the

size

of

a

hild s fist. One

by one she dropped

container. Her

at each

othe

r in

lit f.

What is th

is crazy wOlllan

ng? they wondered. Once all

the

into

the

ja

r,

the

one

had reached the top. Is

the

she asked. Yes,

one of

her

nce

rep

li

ed. It looks full to me,

bottom

it. A few

of

the

other me

mbers

of

group smiled at the comment.

\I\ e ll

s('{',' she

said.

Once

again,

she bent down

and

picked

up another

bucket which contained several

handfuls of gravel. Carefully, she

poured

the

gravel into

the

contai ner

until, once again,

it reache-< the

top.

Is it full now? she demanded.

'Yes it

is, anothN member o f

the

audience

answered. Several others nodded their

agreement. OK, let s look, she said.

Once more she took another container

from underneath Ihe desk. Now

intrigued,

he

r audience watched as

she

carefully poured

the

fine sand il held

into

the

con

lainN. Th

is she

shoo k

slightly so t

hat

a ll

the

sand could

penetrate between t

he

gravel

and

I

he

larger rocks.

Is

it full now?

she

asked.

Probably

not,

carne

the

reply

and

by looking at the rest

of her

audience,

it

looked

as

if everybody agreed.

Good. Now we re getting somewhere.

One last time

she

bent down

and

picked up a large bottle full

of

water.

Slowly she pollred

it

into

the

container

unt

il

it

was hIll

to

the brim.

Now, she said, i t

is

we

ll

and t ru

ly

full. She paused for a couple

of

seconds

and

asked her audience,

What can we learn from all this?

It s simple,

one

head

of

dep

art

ment replied.

It

proves

tha

t

however full we

think

our day is or

Pr ioritizing

-

however many engagements there are,

we can always find time to fi t in

another

meeting

or

complete anothe r

task. Yes, a

nothe

r co lleague add ed, a

working day is just

li

ke thiS co

nt

ainer.

With a

li

ttle mo re imagination, we can

use the time to do mo re and more.

Mm, in teresting

theo

ries, the woman

responded.

'B

ut what th is

t'

xperiment

proves

to

me

is some

th

ing e

ntir

ely

d ifferent. What it says to me is Ih is:

we have to develop a t rue sense of

priorities an d decide what our most

important d uties ar

e.

These arc like the

big rocks. Wou ld we ha ve been able to

fit them

all in

to the

jar if we had fi lled

it with gravel, sand, and water

i

rst? Of

course not . But th

is is

what happens

so

often in

ou

r working

li

ves. We get

so caught

up

with

the

gravel,

th

e sand,

a

nd the

water, that we forget thai ou r

mission

is

10 deal wi

th

t

he

big rocks.

And with

th

at,

she

qui etly

tha

nked

her audience a

nd

le

fl lhe

room

•

17


19/82

Prioritizing

2

Look at this

li

st

of

ev

ents

from a

senior ma

nager's

day.

Deci

de

what, for you, would

be big

rock

s ,

'gravel

,

'sand ', or simply 'water'. Thin k

of

reasons for

your

decisi

on ill

each casco

1

opening and

sort ing mail

2 signing a 'Gel well s

oon

' card for a colleague who

s

in hospital

3 approving the

de

sign of nex t year's sales catalogue

4 having lunch with a new cus

tomer

5

fill

ing in claim forms for expenses

6 signing eve ryday letters

7 replying to emails

8 greeling a

group

of

children who are visiting the factory offices

9

di

sc uss ing the strategy for next year's sales pro motions

10

havi ng

coffee with

the

staff

11

conduc

ting

an ap

pra isal interview wi

th

a

member of

staff

12

reading

the bu

siness pages

of

a

natio

n

al

new

spaper

13 answering

th

e phone each tim e

it

rings

GRAMMAR

Co mplete these se

nt

ences with

an approp

riate futu re verb form.

1 This time

ti

me to

morrow

my plane

.....

.

................

(touch do wn ) at Dulles

Ai

rport.

2 I've just heard

that

Marisa ..... ..... ......

..........

(have) a baby

3 Bec

au

se

the compa

ny

is expanding

so

much,

we ..... . .....

....

(rec

ruit

)

thir

ty

n

ew em

ployees.

4

By this time next year I

...............

.

.. ..... (be

prom

ote

d) to the Board.

5 I've go t some good news about your new car. t (be ready) for you

to pick it up

tom

o rrow.

6 I

don

' t

think

I

..................

(jo in) you for a

drink

after work. I'm

so ti r

ed that I

think

I .....................

.....

(j ust go )

hom

e instead.

7 I can't go to the meet ing because I

afte

rnoon.

(drive) to

Sc

otland this

8 Yvan

is

furious

about

his tiny pay rise I'm sure he ....... .

...........

(resign ).


20/82

SPEAKING

1 Cheryl Wyatt, from a

te

mporary staf f agency. is speaking to Gary Coates, a very busy

ma nager

in

an advertising agency. Expand the prompts where nece

ssa

ry, and then put

their conversation

in

the

right

order.

CHERYl: course / not / it / be / pleasure.

.. GARY:

Goodness me The advert How could I forget it?

Yes,

we mustn't miss the

deadline. / you mind /

ask

/ Frieda lehman / Human Resources / check it?

CHERYl: OK. Incidentally, / what / you like me / do / this advert? It / look /

important.

..... CHERYl:

OK Gary. Now, / I / wonder / you /

spare

/ two minutes / go through / 'to

do' list / I / find / Antonia's desk. I / like you / help me decide what / deal / first

.. GARY:

Then if you fax it them, I I be eternally grateful.

CHERYl: Certainly. I / put it top / fist.

. GARY:

I'm pleased

to

meet you, Cheryl.

Call

me Gary, By the

way,

I'm very glad

you '

ve

been able to come at such short notice

GARY:

After that, you ask Brian from Marketing / go / Heathrow meet our visitors /

on morning flight Bologna? He

's

already seen them once before. It's due to

land at 16.35 .

CHERYl:

Good morning,

Mr

Coates. I'm Cheryl Wyatt, the temp sent by the agency.

I'm standing

in

for Antonia while she's on maternity leave.

GARY: Right. Let's h

ave

a look then. Ah, now, the most important thing is the cover

for the brochure. It's already behind schedule and the printers have been

screaming for it since yesterday. you think you organize courier / take it

them?

2

Mrs

Hogg

has

a very

poor

reputation for

dea

l

ing with

her staff and co lleagu

es.

I-low should she rephrase her instruct ions to ge t the best

out

of peopl e

2 What \>lould her colleagues say

in

each case if they

wa

nted to offer

to do

these

thin gs for her?

INSTRUCTIONS

a Phone for a cab

b Close the door

c Fix the photocopier

d

Buy

me a sandwich

e Bring me that file

f Pay thi s bill

POtiTe R QU ST OffER

Prioritizing

9


21/82

TM.yll -

Prior

it izi

ng

WRITING

1

Match the pieces to fo rm wo rds whi ch co mm only appe

ar

in letters to do wi th bills.

settle

g:? ment , g:? will' iQ mittance , over

iQ

voice '

r e = ;

; o

r =

o ~ u - t

'=i

;o

-=-r

Q

==re=a=-rs-"

iQ ment ' :-::iQ:-t-'=k=e=>', I under

;0

iQ sight

i=:===--- =

==;-

r===-,

iQ

standing

I I

pay

;0

l over

;0 I

ood

'--=----

--= -

-

2

Stod.""Wcl

ls is a whol

esa

ler wh ic h se lls pet f

ood

directly to dog breeders. Karen Johnso n,

the

ma

nager, has been ob liged

to

write a strong lett er 10 a customer with a po

or

payment history. Put sentences a-h in the co

rr

ect order to recreat e her letter.

StockJllells

Dear Ms Wilkes

1 am writing regarding our ou tstanding invoice fo r pet food

and su pplies. .

We

now require you

\0

seule

th iS

second

bill

b

,

d

,

r

...... wilhin five working days.

However, as of Ihis

morning

, payment is now

three weeks overdue.

We supplied

you with your

regular order

on

14 january lasl.

In addition, I must also point out.that for VI.

An W Tf

d i s a . ~ l e d wiln lhem...

We supplied MIlIeria.Is u,

f ith

. . ,

Bob

5o-1'1'1;e.d,

1'1"' ..... ~ i ~ - r

..........

-re-.-i ...I.,

..

....t....e..

€.

) . . ,

er

... e-

-\1-..e.-.

..... 10 1. A,-;c..o...,,-r ;.f bill

1 '-'


22/82

lobalization

VOCABULARY

1 Complete these sentences with appropriate collocat ions

1 The spending money yo u have, once you have paid for life's basic necessities.

dis

n

2

Area

with tax advantages o r incent i

ves

for n

ew

enterprises.

ec _

d _ _ _

z _

3 A large business with branches in d ifferent countries or continents

~

_

= _ _ _ _

4 Place where goods are manu

fac

tured.

pro

f3 _

5

An

enterprise where companies work in partnership.

J _

_

v _

6 A

way

of

getting yo ur goods

\0 the end con

sume r:

it could be a supermarket

direct mail, e

tc

d

is

ch _ _

7 A limited

number

of

top

stores a

ll

owed to siock

your goo

ds.

ex

ou

_

8 Showing exceptional

opportu

nity

fo

r development

in

the future.

~

9 Money yo u must pay to someone

i

_ _

10

The future prospe([s for the busi ness and financial world.

ec _ _ _ _

ou _

2

Re

pl

ace the words in ita

li

cs in these sentences with an appropr

ia

te

fo

rm

of

the

ve

rb

ta

ke

co

mbined with a

wo

rd o r phrase from the spidergram.

1

L'Oreal

is tr

ying

10

exploit the world's biggest market.

.lakc..ruiYiIIJJagc.oi-

2

Multination al companies have to look

after

their expatriate staff very carefully.

3

Guess what Mrs Smith Il Is started to practise

Tai

C

hi

. ...... . .

4

They participated

ill

the

la

st strike for better working con ditions.

5

Anthea lias replaced Graham

as

t he new mark

et

ing manager . .._ .

6 Sa

l

es

have

iI/crease

d drall afically since the advertising

ca

mp3ign.

7

The part y

\\las

held in a new Japanese restau rant. ..

. .

8

We

need to

employ

more people

durin

g the tourist season.

9 She Ilsed

tire occasioll

to network

wi

th prospective customers.

ca

re

of

of

f

up

p a rt

m

ad

v

antage

of

place

on

over

from

t

he

opportunity

2


23/82

Globalization

In tess than four

de


24/82

Glob liz tion

3 Match words from the text w

it

h these defin itions.

1 large electrical goods for the home, such as washing-machines nd refrigerators

2 what a market suffers from when it becomes so full it can no longer grow

3 a flat-bottomed boat often used

on

canals and rivers .............................

4 daring

............ ................

.

5 essential

6 able to make intelligent judgements

7

8

nationals of a country who live and work overseas .............................

power and influence ..... ...

.......

..

Rewrite these se ntences using the words in brackets.

1 Nowaday

s, we

almost never go the cinema.

HARDLY EVER)

2 I nearly always take the 7.

32

morning train.

AS A RULE)

3

He ke

eps borrowing my mobi le. (ALWAYS )

4 We don t often have problems with late payments.

ONLY ONCE N A W HI LE )

5 [( s rare For us to sell a lot in the first three mon ths

of

the year. (S ELDOM)

6

He

could ask them to supply us if there s

no

ot her

alternative. (A LWAYS)

Complete these sentences using (get) lsed to

or

wOllld

with an appropriate form

of

the ve rb in brackets.

1 When he slarted his new job, he kept arriving late

2

because be

wa

sn t .....

.........

.

..

. (gel up ) so ea

rly.

They ........

...

..

..

..... ....

.. ..

(employ) apprentices straight

fro

m sc hool, but now they only take

on

trained

staff.

3 Once upon a time, customers ..... .........

......

......... (pay)

in

cash; now most u

se

some kind of card.

4 This new system is difficult at first, but you

l

soon

............ (operate) it.

5 Wilen I was a girl, there

..

a wide choice

of

ca ree r.

.... (not be) such

3 After graduat ing with a language degree, Aidan O Brien

wa s recruited by an international bank.

He

spent two

years t raining at an associate bank in Osaka. Read what

Aidan says about life in Japan. Then use forms of would,

/lsed to be /lsed to and get IIsed to to write a list of

sentences about Aidan s experie

nc

es.

I

ived in a hostel

with

the other male

trainees. As the

only

westerner, I had to adapl

to Japanese ways very

quickly.

As a child and student, I d

always had

my

own room and

liked

to spend time on

my own.

So al first

il

was hard to

live

in

a dormitory;

it

seemed just

l

ke

a boarding school. The trainees

did everything together, and several times a week we

went to a communal bathhouse.

At first

I found this

very

hard,

s

bathing had always been a very private thing, but

I soon overcame

my

shyness and self-consciousness.

At

work

everyone stayed late. Nobody dreamt

of

leaving until the last person had finished. It was

very

different

from

working in a western company, where it s

every man for himself and where employees think about

their own personal career. If anyone made a mistake, then

the other members covered up for them or did their

work

for

them. 1

really

learned what teamwork and loyalty

meant. However. at times I did find it hard to have to

show people respect just because

of

their age and the

number

of

years they had been

working

for the company.

Promotion in a Japanese company still depends a lot

seniority, you see.

A

.i4.

(lI. .

. $.f.dN .hy.f.

.

i.1 .

(l.l fW.fJ

. y.i

. h .Il f:

. r l l ~ r

wlJ.f

.t: .

.IJ .i

U

f.f.J ....

.

23


25/82

Globalization

SPEAKING

1

When world-famous investment specia

li

st Warren Buffet became th e head of

Salomon

he gave a speech to th e firm s employees. Read his speech a nd complete gaps

A-

F with ext

racts

1-6 below.

1 but we want th em to get rich through the firm and

not

off the firm.

2

...

it

docs not preclude

.

..

3 I th ink in the

end

we l[ be more proud

of

Ihis company

than

you ve ever bee n

before.

4

\ ¥hat kind of firm can come out of th

is?

5

F

irst-class business in a first-class way:

6 . . . have the

right

vicw of ou rselves.

S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N O W the important thing

is

that we A ....

money for the firm by bad decisions, like

I ve done plenty of times, I will

be

very

understandi

ng.

If you lose reputation for

the firm I will be ruthless 0 ... Well

in that regard I may have a loftier vision

than virtually anyone, because I think

great things can come out of th is ... We

have a chance to preserve all of the

strengths of the past and have people look

LISTS OF

THREE

the rigllt I ie .vof

oW -seh-es

xl); tile

right

viewof

IS

CONTRASTING

PAIRS

OF

IDEAS

If we have [he right view of ourselves,

that will lead to deeds that will eventually

give the world the right view of us

I don

t

think

we

can do any better than to

go back to J P Morgan: First-class

bus

in

ess in a first-class way. You know, i f

you have anything that you think about in

the morning before

yo

u go to work, just

repeat that: B ..... ... Also, I expect you to

go out and do a lot

of

business. First-class

business in a nl

t-d

ass way does not

preclude in any way doing a lot of

business; C doing profitable business

and it doesn t preclude gutsy business. It

just means that you keep the ball rolling

down the middle of the court.

If

you lose

deeds

rulil/ess

pree/flde

brave or heroic acts

merciless and

unforgiving

exclude

at us with a ncw cye

We

want people

basically to get rich around here, E

.....

We

want them to get rich through the stock,

frankly, and that message w ill eventually

get out to investors and that s the kind of

thing they want to hear ... F

The Leadership Momem by

i

chael

Usee

m

gutsy

lofty

showing courage

high

2 Find examples o f

rhe

torical devices in Warren Buffet s speech and put them under the

I .

headings in the table.

I

RHETORICAt

QUESTIONS

OPTIMISTIC

ENDING

I ETAPHORS

I

DVERBS

I


26/82

Nadia He nderson and Melinda King have a chain of beauty products shops. They arc

expanding into central and eastern Europe with different European

partn

ers

and

franchisees.

Na di

a has been on a visit to Prague to d iscuss the premises their Czech

partners have fou nd. Complete Nadia s email to Melinda with words from the box.

altfiOUgh

on the

on

e hand

acc

ording to

yet

regarding

while

POlnte(j

out

the other

o

To: Me linda King

From:

Nadia Henderson

Oea r Melinda,

e

: Prague visit

Dale:

June

28

As promised I am writing

to

bring you

up to

date with the discussion I had

with

Nevin Havel and Katja

Sidor 1

..

the

Prague centre

development.

2 ................ _......

they both

fee l

that

its

location nearWenceslas

Sq

uare is periect, but on

3 ... ...

•

it will

be difficult to

get

our plans for

the shop front accepted. 4

•••

. . Nevin we

will

eventua lly obtain

permission,

5

. .•

this is likely

to

involve lengthy negotiations. As

far

as

the financial side is concerned, I have discussed matters

with

Petra

Gruber and Gabor Lukacs. 6

••

••.•.•••• •• •••• ••• • they agree that we should go

ahead, we do need

to

be much more realistic about costs. They

,

. that the Budapest project was costed carefully, and

8 .......

even then

it

finally

went

well over budget.

All the bes t.

Nadia

Frances, Helena, and Graham are discu

ss

ing whether they should translate their

brochure

in or

der to

seU

their products in Indonesi

a

Read their di scussion and then

write a report summarizing their opinion

s

HELENA:

It s a complete waste of money to translate our brochure.

Engli

sh

is

practically

the second language in Indonesia.

GRAHAM:

True, but we

can

impress our clients

by

printing brochures in their own

language.

FRANCES:

And we

can

put

our

costs

against t

ax

GRAHAM : We

do need

to

make

sure

that our

sales

literature

is

culturally sensitive too.

Our translators will help pick up anything that could be offensive.

FRANCE

S: Yes, I ve read that plenty

of

Western companies

have

had problems through

being lax about these things.

HELENA: Fine, but why leave it to the translators? Why not hire a specialist consultant to

help with these cross·cultural

issues?

Globalization

25


27/82

ompany

culture

VOCABULARY

Complete th ese sentences

wi

th words from the box.

authoritarian

m listic

seIf exp

co vative

IiIOrardl

m

These arc creat i

ve

workers and we need 10 give them space for _........... ......

2

I did everything I could to make ou r business relationship morc fTicndly: dinne rs

social events, but nothing worked. I suppose they must prefer to keep the

relationship

.............

.

3

II was an old-fashioned, ....................,

.......

firm, where the boss decided what was

best for everybody.

4 The company structure is extremely ............. .

: anyone can rise to the lOp .

from the secretary to the managers.

5 The management structure here is rcally ............................. . People have vc ry little

freedom to act o n their own initiative.

6 He was an extremely ............................. boss. He made the decisions

and

expected

everyone else to follow them without question.

7

The

com pany has sti ll got a ve ry

suit and tie.

READING

culture where staff must wear a

Read the article oppos

it

e which describes an unusual office cult ure. Then complete the

table which follows it.

2 Read the article again and continue the senten ces.

Pa

y is low, but Caroline

and

most

of

her co

lleagues

2

However, perks

and

holidays aren t too bad; for instance .

..................................................

.

3 People at the Trust live cheaply by ......................

4 Promot

ion in the normal sense doesn t

ex

ist, but if you want more responsibility

you have to ...........................................


28/82

F

LIRTING is frowned on. the pay

is

poor. but there are some perks

to a job in I Buddhist office. So says

Cl

ltherille Hopper. who works at the

Ckar

Vision Trust. a Buddhist charity

in

Manchester \\hich provides videos and

teaching aids for religious education in

schools.

or

example, where else do you

begin your working day wilh a chanting

ritual?

Ms Hopper, 38 , who used to work at

the Tate Gallery in London. says there is

a healthy culture of trust at work. 'First,

I deal with my emai

ls.

busincss and

personal. Dealing with personal ~ u f f

is

fine

.

We

work hard but

no

one looks

ovcr your shoulder to sec if you're

scnding emails

10

friends.' she says.

Her

job

im'oivcs arranging visits to

schools. planning training days for

teachers and organizing trips around the

Buddhist centre. ' I send

out

letters of

confirmation. make bookings. and

respond to inquiries.'

Lunch is very sociable: 'We always

mt'Cl

our friends -

we

never have

working lunehcs

or

breakfast

s.

Buddhists

do not believe

in

doing IWO things al

once: In the afternoon she does

correspondence. BUI if something

intervenes - a friend recently needed her

bike mending - then it is not frowned on

fo r staff 10 help in office hour

s,

provided

the rest

of

the te;tm does not objcct. ' I

had to move house suddenly and

,\

couple

of

people here

helIX'd me

-

we

all

Company culture

too k the day off without having to use

our

holiday entitlement.' The downside

is

that she and her co-workers a ll earn £60

a week. Most have an altemath·e source

of income - a house thai they rent out,

for example, while sharing cheaper flats

with

fe ll

ow Budd hists.

Th

cy also

ge

t a

£900

all0'0wlIlcc

for retreats and

\.\'Ork-

related training. and eight weeks'

holiday.

' 1don'l see low pay as too much

of

a

pr

ob

lem. In fact

J

live rather well; says

Ms Hopper share with four women

and cat vegela rian food. I mostly shop at

second-hand stores and drop hints for

luxuries as birthday gifts. We believe in

being paid according to

our

needs r.uhcr

tha n wa nts. although somctimt'S il would

be nice

to

have a little more.

'We do not take anything unless

il is

freely given; so t here

is

no nicking

paperclips

or

envelopes. ' Sarcasm and

o ffice gossip are not part of the wo rk

culture, and nor is deliberate mrting.

Drugs and drink - anything that clouds

the mind are not permitted.

Similarly, there is

no

Buddhist work

concept of promotion. but she wants

morc responsibility. 'To be a business

director, you need to

be

o

rd

ained s

he

says. 'Training takes

six or

seven years

aod you have to go

on

seven two-week

retreats. More responsibility

is

seen as

part

of

yo ur spiritual growth.

The Time

IN

A TYPICAL OFFICE

AT

THE CLEAR VISION TRUST EVIDENCE

FROM

THE

TEX

T

1 You are not suppo

sed

to

use

email for personal

use

2 You are only allow

ed

to

do work·related activities

in work time.

3 Business lunches and

meals

are

common.

4 Employees sometimes

take stationery for

personal use .

5 Flirt ing and

goss

ip

may be part

of

office life.

6 Promotion;s usually part

of the company s career

structure.

It is

fine to deal with

personal business

during work.

No·one looks over

your

shoulder to see

i

you re

sending emails to friends.

27


29/82

Company cu lture

GR MM R

Write sentences in response

to the

se situations using

cOllld, Vollld, or sl ouM.

1 You re at the sta tion and someone asks you when the next train

will

arrive. You know

that a train normally comes in

abou

t two minutes.

J J m ;

b m M _ ~ Q 1 . m . i I

i . I . f ' - - ( i l l i p . k

Q f t . i J . I J ~

........

2

You

have been invited

to

your annual school reunion. Normally you go, but this year

it is impossible because y

ou

are too busy al work.

3

You

want 10 leave work

I

class t

en

minutes early for an

appointment

with the dentist.

What

do

you say to your boss

I

tcacher?

4 You are talking to someone who works in another company. They are talking about

supplying an old customer

of

yours who you no longer sup

pl

y because they are bad

paye rs. What advice do you

give?

W ~ K . l .

~ ' f I Y . ~ _ 1 9 l g { l J . I X _ b .

~ i u . ..

I. I .

5 You have been asked to organize flights for an overseas conference. Unfortunately, all

the economy class seats have already been sold. There arc some

se;l

ts left in business

class. Wh;lt do you say to your boss?

tm. lfm.i4

.. _

6

You

are te ing a young child about how people normally dealt with their money ten

years ago.

7

.

t l l - ' - . f ~ d l . t Q . ( q g y _ I _ \ . ' I ] . ' ~ ® J . I

{g/.l.,Y.f.( u..

(lgQ .

r i t . _ ~ . . Q . t j m P w p k

You arc talking to yo ur colleague about an important order you are expecting. Your

supplier promised to

se

nd

it

to you, but unfortunately it s late .

.

~

J I l J : I w . N t ; ; ,

/ . 1 . t ; y . J o . i t 1 . # ~ y . ....


30/82

Simon Beard is an engineer who used to work in a min e in N

orth

e

rn

Ireland.

Study the

rules

of

employment.

Then

complete th e interview, using

approp

riate

ve rb

fo rms

to

express

ob

ligation and necessity.

LL

EMPLOYEES

TO

B[ SCANNED

BEFORE

AND AFTER

EACH

SH IFT

REGULAR

MEDICAL CH

ECK UPS

TO

BE

(ARlnEO OUT

NO PERSONAL PROPERTY OF

ANY FORM IN

TH[ MINE

RULES OF EMPLOYMENT

NO JEWELLERY TO BE WORN

NO SMOKING

ANYBODY WHO TI\KES MATCHES.

LIGHTERS OR I


31/82

Company cultu re

WRITING

You

are a pe rsonal assistant in a computer services company. and you have just found t

wo

notes which

the

managing director has left you. Use them to write two global emails to the

whole staff.

:r.

do?t't

tki-.,./<

tkis

dress-dow-K

Fl'"ioo.15

p o l i c ~

is

WO '"l(i-xa--

t.11 wt.l1.

Th.t.

otMI'" 00.»

: wt.--Kt

i-xto

tM

skownx""

. Il...w tMre

wen

people

wt -lll'"i-xa--je.ll-xs. Pe.ople. kA ...e ~ to 1A-xde.l'"sh...,d

tkAt

i.f

tke.15

1lYe.

dea1'i""a-- witk tM publiCI tkt.15 kA ...e. to loo/< rellSo")tllbl» SNtrt. Ctt...,

r re . ...w e.

...

e11fHU . w£.o.At tM

poliC»

is

Th.t.

r"1de. is SNtl'"t

dress . Pe.l'"kAps r ea-x S1.4a--(tt.st tkAt it is (tood ide" -toy pe.ople to

/


32/82

upply and

demand

Choose a, b,

or

C to co mplete sent ences.

If we

1Ila c 1 set

I

do

the price too high, nobody \ ill buy the product.

2 Their new

portable copier fetches / se/ls /

priced

al jus

t €JOO.

3 The industry watchdog accused the airline

of

predatory I

Cllt

I retail pricing over

the Christmas

period

.

4 The price of raw / crl de / comlllodity o il rocketed in the 19705.

5 If

we

want to benefit from economies

of

elasticity

size

/

scale,

we need to

increase our

production

.

6

We need

to se

ll

10.000 copies to cover

our

costs

and

break

el'cn / II/rough dowlI

7 There s nothing

we

can do about our fixed costs, but cou ld

we

cut our

varied

variable

/

variety

ones, I wonder?

8

The

problem with

skinning / skipping / skimming the

market

is

you can upset

ea

rl

y adopters

who

paid the top price.

9 Prices keep going up - illj1mioll re ssioll GDP is

now running

at 12%.

10 Three su

permark

et chains have been prosecuted for organizing a pr ice-fixing

monopoly /

C lrtel

/ boycott

and

cheating consumers

C

omplete

these sen ten ces with the

words

in

th

e box.

1

2

3

4

inv lu ble

v lue

pricey

worthwhile

worthy

intless

costly

rewardin

I i nd my personal organizer absolutely

BMW 's takeover of Rover proved to be a

worthless

ricele

ss

..

...

; I'd be lost withou t it.

mistake.

This restaurant's

rather

.....................

....

; why

do n

' t we try

the other one?

Nursing is po o rly paid, but is a socially ......... ... ... jo b,

and

........

................

.

ot her ways.

m

5 The vase we bought at the

auction

turned out to be a ..... ... imitation

6

The

painting

is ...............

......

......

.. .

Nobody

can

put

a value

on

it.

7 [n theory, publishing

ai

ms to

add ......................... 10

ink

and

paper.

S I thought

the

management

trainin

g weekend was a com pletely

.......

exercise; it

didn

' t

seem

to have any aims

at

all .

9

We

have

been searching

for a

replacement

for Mrs

Thoma

s

but

we are finding it

difficult to find a successor.

31


33/82

Supply and demand

READING

1 Read the

ar

ticle

about

coffee p

rodu

ction in Viet nam

an

d find the following

infor

mat ion .

the period which saw a

dramatic

interest in the pri ce of coffee

2 Vietnam s \vorld positi on as a coffee producer JO years before the article was

written

3 Vietnam s position at the time

of

the article .

..

4 the area of arabica bushes farmed by

Vo

Danh Ke

5 the percentage of arabica bushes of overall coffee cultivation in Vietnam

6

what has happened to arabica production since 2000 .

2

Write answers for these questions.

2

Why is Khe Sahn s success a paradox?

What effect

did

Vietnam help to cause wh

en

it decided to become an imponant

coffee

produ

cer?

3 According to Oxfam, what has

happened

in

some

coff

ee-produ

cing countries like

Ethiopia?

4 How have major global companies stimulated the pl

anting

of arabica bushes in

Vietnam?

5 How has this affeCled the life

of a

si

mple

farmer such as Va

Danh

Ke?

6

According to

Doan

Trieu

Nhan,

why does Vietnam havc a

compe

titive advantage

in coffee production?

7

Why does

VICOF think

that its future lies in

the cu

ltivation of arabica bushes? ,.

8 According to the article, why

is

this shift to arabica cultivation not such a

good

idea?

3 Join begin nings of sentences

1-6 wi

th endings a f

to

form definitions of

th

e words

in hold.

1

When there is a glut of

a

it grows fast and it s a good time to make

something

a lot

of

money.

2

\¥hen we formulate a

strategy

. b

they arc successful

and earn

lots

of

money.

3

When bus

iness is

booming

_

c

we make a plan for the future.

4

During

a s

lump

d

production

greatly exceeds demand.

S

When people prosper e

you

encourage it

to develop

and

go

6

If you give s

omething

forward.

a

boost

f

econom

ic activity is severely

de

pressed.


34/82

The village of Khe Sanh, a former

battleground in the hills of central

Vietnam,

is

a booming coffee town

amid a global coffee slump. During

the mid-1990s, when coffee prices

soared Vietnamese farmers

planted

coffee beans with abandon. In a

decade,

the

country grew from the

world s sixteenth-biggest exporter to

the second, helping to cre te a

worldwide coffee glut in the process.

This

week as

coffee

farmers and

industry

officials

gathered in Geneva

for a crisis

Date post:	06-Jul-2018
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