Properties of Properties of MatterMatter

MatterMatterMatter is Matter is what the what the world is world is made of. made of. All objects All objects consists of consists of Matter.Matter.

General Properties of General Properties of Matter include Matter include massmass, ,

weightweight, , volumevolume, , and and densitydensity

MassMass

Mass is the Mass is the measure of inertia measure of inertia of an object and is of an object and is

measured by grams measured by grams (g) and kilograms (g) and kilograms

(kg)(kg)

WeightWeightWeight is the response Weight is the response of mass to the pull of of mass to the pull of gravity. Metric unit of gravity. Metric unit of weight is the newton weight is the newton (N).(N).

mass X 9.8 N = Weight (on mass X 9.8 N = Weight (on earth)earth)

What is your weight on What is your weight on earth?earth?

(Remember 1 kg = 2.2 lbs) (Remember 1 kg = 2.2 lbs)

VolumeVolumeThe amount of space an The amount of space an object takes up is called object takes up is called

it’s volume.it’s volume.

Volume is measured in Volume is measured in liters (L), milliliters liters (L), milliliters

(mL), and cubic (mL), and cubic centimeters (cm^3)centimeters (cm^3)

DensityDensity

Density is the mass Density is the mass per unit volumeper unit volume

density = mass / density = mass / volumevolume

ProblemProblem

If 96.5 grams of gold If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is its centimeters, what is its

density?density?

SolutionSolution•Step 1 Write the formula Step 1 Write the formula d=m/vd=m/v

•Step 2 Substitute given numbers Step 2 Substitute given numbers

and units d=96.5 grams/ 5 cubic and units d=96.5 grams/ 5 cubic centimeterscentimeters

•Step 3 Solve for unknown variable Step 3 Solve for unknown variable d= 19.3 grams / cubic centimetersd= 19.3 grams / cubic centimeters

Practice ProblemsPractice Problems

•1. If 96.5 grams of aluminum 1. If 96.5 grams of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm^3, what has a volume of 35 cm^3, what is the density of aluminum?is the density of aluminum?

•2. If the density of a diamond is 2. If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g / cm^3, what would the 3.5 g / cm^3, what would the mass be if the volume is 0.5 mass be if the volume is 0.5 cm^3?cm^3?

Density LabDensity Lab

Does it Float?Does it Float?

Does it Float?Does it Float?•The density of water is 1 The density of water is 1

gram per milliliter, 1g/mL.gram per milliliter, 1g/mL.

•If the object’s density is If the object’s density is greater than 1g/mL, then the greater than 1g/mL, then the object will sink.object will sink.

•If the object’s density is less If the object’s density is less than 1g/mL then it will float.than 1g/mL then it will float.

Does it Float?Does it Float?• In this activity you will measure the In this activity you will measure the

mass and volume of several objects mass and volume of several objects to obtain the objects’ densities.to obtain the objects’ densities.

•Remember density = mass / volumeRemember density = mass / volume

•Volume of cube= length X width X Volume of cube= length X width X heightheight

•Volume of cylinder=pi r^2 hVolume of cylinder=pi r^2 h

•pi=3.14pi=3.14

RememberRemember

1 cubic 1 cubic centimeter = 1 centimeter = 1

mLmL

Volume of Volume of CylinderCylinder

•Volume Volume = pi r^2 = pi r^2 hh

Volume of a Square or Volume of a Square or CubeCube

•VolumeVolume= L x W = L x W x Hx H

Lab Report FormatLab Report FormatDescriptioDescriptionn

Mass Mass (g)(g)

VolumVolume (mL)e (mL)

DensitDensity y (g/mL)(g/mL)

Does Does it it float?float?

Phases of Phases of MatterMatter

Matter can exist in 4 Matter can exist in 4 PhasesPhases

• SolidSolid

• LiquidLiquid

• GasGas

• PlasmaPlasma

SolidsSolids•Crystalline Solids-Crystalline Solids- particles are particles are

arranged in regular repeating arranged in regular repeating patterns called crystals (i.e. salt, patterns called crystals (i.e. salt, quartz)quartz)

•Amorphous solids-Amorphous solids- solids that solids that lose their shape under certain lose their shape under certain conditions (i.e. tar, candle wax, conditions (i.e. tar, candle wax, glass)glass)

CrystalsCrystals

Amorphous Solids:Amorphous Solids:Candle Wax Candle Wax

LiquidsLiquids•Particles in a liquid are close Particles in a liquid are close

together but are free to move.together but are free to move.

•Have no definite shape but Have no definite shape but takes the shape of the takes the shape of the container.container.

•Have a definite volume.Have a definite volume.

•Resistance of a liquid to flow is Resistance of a liquid to flow is called called viscosity.viscosity.

LiquidLiquid

GasesGases• Do notDo not have a definite shape or definite have a definite shape or definite

volume.volume.

• Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law – if volume is reduced – if volume is reduced pressure will increase. pressure will increase. P1V1=P2V2 P1V1=P2V2 or or P1/P2=V1/V2P1/P2=V1/V2

• Charles’s LawCharles’s Law – if temperature of a gas – if temperature of a gas changes but pressure is the same, then changes but pressure is the same, then volume of the gas changes. volume of the gas changes. T1V2=T2V1 T1V2=T2V1 or or T1/T2=V1/V2T1/T2=V1/V2

GasGas

PlasmaPlasma•Rare on earth.Rare on earth.

•The most common phase in the The most common phase in the universe.universe.

•Stars have matter in plasma Stars have matter in plasma phase (i.e. sun’s solar flare) phase (i.e. sun’s solar flare)

•Matter in plasma phase is high in Matter in plasma phase is high in energy and dangerous to living energy and dangerous to living things.things.

PlasmaPlasma

PlasmaPlasma

Phases of Matter QuizPhases of Matter Quiz

•How many phases can How many phases can matter exist?matter exist?

•Name the phases of matter.Name the phases of matter.

•What is a crystalline solid? What is a crystalline solid? Give an example.Give an example.

Quiz Quiz

•What What kind of kind of

solid is in solid is in the the

picture?picture?

QuizQuiz

•What kind What kind of matter of matter phase is in phase is in the the picture?picture?

Name the PhaseName the Phase

Name the PhaseName the Phase

Name the PhaseName the Phase

Name the PhaseName the Phase

Phase ChangesPhase Changes•MeltingMelting

•FreezingFreezing

•VaporizationVaporization

•CondensationCondensation

•SublimationSublimation

Phase Phase Changes are Changes are

Physical Physical ChangesChanges

Solid to LiquidSolid to Liquid

•MeltingMelting- - is the is the change change from solid from solid to liquidto liquid

Melting PointMelting Point

•The The temperature temperature at which a at which a solid changes solid changes to a liquid.to a liquid.

•Aluminum Aluminum MP=660 MP=660 °C°C

Liquid To SolidLiquid To Solid

•FreezingFreezing- - Occurs Occurs when a when a substance substance looses heat looses heat energy.energy.

Freezing PointFreezing Point

•The The temperature temperature at which a at which a liquid changes liquid changes to a solidto a solid

•Water FP=0 Water FP=0 °C°C

Liquid to GasLiquid to Gas

•VaporizationVaporization- the - the change of a substance change of a substance from a liquid to a gasfrom a liquid to a gas

EvaporationEvaporation

•VaporizatiVaporizationon at the at the surface of surface of a liquida liquid

BoilingBoiling•Process by Process by

which which particles particles inside the inside the liquid travel liquid travel into the air.into the air.

Boiling PointBoiling Point

•Temperature at which a liquid Temperature at which a liquid boils.boils.

•BP of a liquid is related to BP of a liquid is related to pressure above it.pressure above it.

•Water BP= 100 Water BP= 100 °C°C•Table Salt BP= 1413 °CTable Salt BP= 1413 °C•Diamond BP= 4200 °CDiamond BP= 4200 °C

Gas to LiquidGas to Liquid

•CondensationCondensation

Solid to GasSolid to Gas

•SublimatioSublimationn