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R&D Budget Analysis and Article 15 Matt Hourihan July 11, 2013 For the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd
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R&D Budget Analysis and Article 15
Matt HourihanJuly 11, 2013For the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition
AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Programhttp://www.aaas.org/spp/rd
The Main Challenge
R&D budgeting tends to focus on inputs…
When the real crux of the matter is outcomes
A very simple STI System
Gov’t Policy, Funding & Priorities-Disciplines-Challenges-Programs-International Partnerships
Human Scientific Capital
Inspired by Jaffe, “Analysis of Public Research, Industrial R&D, and Commercial Innovation,” in Science of Science Policy: A Handbook, Stanford University Press, 2011
Human-Scale Outcomes-Health / Medicine-Nutrition-Energy Security-Safety-Economic Opportunity
Labs, Universities-Basic, Applied, Development-Workforce
Education Funding
Creation & Delivery of Products / Services
New Knowledge-Patents-Publications-Tacit knowledge
A very simple STI System
Gov’t Policy, Funding & Priorities-Disciplines-Challenges-Programs-International Partnerships
Human Scientific Capital
Inspired by Jaffe, “Analysis of Public Research, Industrial R&D, and Commercial Innovation,” in Science of Science Policy: A Handbook, Stanford University Press, 2011
Human-Scale Outcomes-Health / Medicine-Nutrition-Energy Security-Safety-Economic Opportunity
Labs, Universities-Basic, Applied, Development-Workforce
Education Funding
Creation & Delivery of Products / Services
New Knowledge-Patents-Publications-Tacit knowledge
A very simple STI System
Gov’t Policy, Funding & Priorities-Disciplines-Challenges-Programs-International Partnerships
Human Scientific Capital
Inspired by Jaffe, “Analysis of Public Research, Industrial R&D, and Commercial Innovation,” in Science of Science Policy: A Handbook, Stanford University Press, 2011
Human-Scale Outcomes-Health / Medicine-Nutrition-Energy Security-Safety-Economic Opportunity
Labs, Universities-Basic, Applied, Development-Workforce
Education
Creation & Delivery of Products / Services
New Knowledge-Patents-Publications-Tacit knowledge
Example: Energy SecurityStage Gov’t
PrioritiesR&D Production Outcome
Goal
Cheap distributed solar power to address energy poverty
Understand and apply principles of material interaction with sunlight
Facilitate technology transfer / commercial uptake
Adoption of distributed solar power in relevant areas
Questions and metrics
Who influences decisions? Are stakeholders at table? Who makes design or funding decision? Connected to real-world needs?
How much funding? Is it sustained? Who is performing? How are targets set? Are they realistic? Is there adequate human capital? Does work match priorities?
Are researchers, innovators, and entrepreneurs connected? Technical specs? Are there barriers to production? Adequate incentives and investments?
Available, affordable, accessible? Are relevant international agreements / NGOs in place? Trade or other barriers? IP protections?
R&D Budget Reporting The system has evolved to collect what is easiest to
collect
Reporting can either be transparent/robust or opaque/limited Or a little bit of both
Top-heavy: Most R&D happens in relatively few countries US, China, Japan, Germany, UK, France + Korea = about
three-quarters of global R&D total
Input Metrics
How do we determine outcomes? It’s really hard…
Some methods: Case studies
Hindsight studies
Surveys
Econometric Analyses
“Data is not information, information is not knowledge, knowledge is not understanding, understanding is not wisdom.”
- Cliff Stoll and Gary Schubert
