Respiratory System

The Process of Respiration

• Respiration includes the following processes: • 1.) Ventilation, which moves air into and out

of the lungs • 2.) Gas exchange between the air in the

lungs and the blood • 3.) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in

the blood • 4.) Gas exchange between blood and the

tissues

Functions of the Respiratory System

1.) Gas exchange

2.) Regulation of blood pH

3.) Voice production

4.) Olfaction

5.) Innate Immunity

Anatomy of the Respiratory Systems

• Structures we will be looking at: • Nose and naval cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs

Divisions of the Respiratory System

• The Respiratory system is divided up into two divisions • Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, Naval

cavity, pharynx• Lower Respiratory Tract: Larynx, trachea,

bronchi, lungs

Nose and Naval Cavity

• The nose is the visible structure that protrudes from the face. It is mostly composed of cartilage

• The Nasal Cavity extends from the nares to the choana.

• Nare: External openings of the nose (Nostrils)

• Choana: Openings into the pharynx

More of the Nasal Cavity

• Nasal Septum: A partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides

• Hard palate: Forms the floor of the nasal cavity

• Conchae: Three bony ridges present in the naval cavity, responsible for increasing the surface area.

Pharynx

• Pharynx (throat): Is the common passageway of the respiratory system and digestive system

• Functions of the Pharynx: • Swallowing: Contraction of the pharynx is

controlled by swallowing.

Divisions of the Pharynx

• Divisions of the Pharynx: 1.) Nasopharynx

2.) oropharynx

3.) larygopharynx

Larynx

• Larynx: Composed of cartilages and soft tissues which are connected by muscle and ligaments.

3 Unpaired Cartilages

• Thryoid Cartilage: Largest cartilage

• Crcioid Cartilage: Forms the base of the larynx where other cartilages rest

• Epiglottis: Consists of elastic cartilage rather than (hyaline cartilage) • A flap that helps prevent swallowed materials

from entering the larynx

Vocal Cords

• Ligaments that make up the Vocal Cords 1.) Vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

-When they come together air cannot leave or enter lungs

2.) Vocal folds (true vocal cords)

-Primary source of voice production

Trachea

• Trachea: 5in long windpipe, lies anterior to the esophagus.

• Composed of 16-20 C shaped cartilages. • Responsible for protection, support, and

expelling foreign materials by altering the diameter of the trachea.

Bronchi

• The trachea divides up into the two branches • Left and Right primary bronchi (bronchus)

Lungs

• Lung: major organ involved in respiration, cone shaped with its base resting on diaphragm.

• Lobes of the Lungs (Left has 2 lobes, right has 3 lobes) • Superior Lobe • Inferior Lobe • Middle Lobe (Only the Right lung)

Pathway Inside the Lungs

• TracheaHilumPrimary bronchusSecondary bronchus Tertuary bronchusbronchiolesTerminal bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveoli

• Alveolar ducts: cluster of small alveoli

• Alveoli: small air sacs

Pathway Inside the Lungs

Review