Responsible Responsible Peatland Peatland Management Management Positive Outcomes for Carbon, Conservation Positive Outcomes for Carbon, Conservation, , Community Community and and Economic Economic Development evelopment December 2009 December 2009 Dr. Neil Franklin Dr. Neil Franklin Sustainability Director Sustainability Director Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd (APRIL) Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd (APRIL) NF Presentation to Gov Riau – Jan 2009 1
Transcript
Responsible Responsible PeatlandPeatland ManagementManagementPositive Outcomes for Carbon, ConservationPositive Outcomes for Carbon, Conservation, ,
Community Community and and Economic Economic DDevelopmentevelopment
December 2009December 2009
Dr. Neil FranklinDr. Neil Franklin
Sustainability DirectorSustainability Director
Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd (APRIL)Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd (APRIL)
NF Presentation to Gov Riau – Jan 2009 1
Challenges• Some stakeholders hold negative view on all peatland development (due to
perceived carbon emissions liabilities) but this position ignores the scientific basis for benefits of responsible forest management.
• Internationally, intensive plantation forest management in Indonesia still suffers from poor reputation, while the sector itself is not fully recognized as a means of sustainable development and Carbon emissions avoidance.
OpportunitiesResponsible Peatland Management can deliver:
• Significant Social, Environmental and Economic benefits
• Integrated management in support of peat “Dome” conservation
• Positive image of Indonesia in addressing climate change
• Win-win solution based on Sustainable Development and REDD+
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Mosaic Plantation Forest:Planning Based on Micro & Macro Delineation with High Conservation Values
High
Conservation
Value Production
Forest
Unproductive
Production
Forest
Secondary
Production Forest
Protected by Mosaic
Plantation
Managed and
Developed
Managed and
Developed
Acacia Plantation
Conservation Area
Vigorous plantation forest and mosaic landscape protect biodiversity, provide ecosystem services, and uplift
community well-being
Acacia Plantation
Research for Sustainable DevelopmentScience-Based Solutions for
Responsible Management of Peatlands.
APRIL’s Science Based Management Support Project• Independent team from Delft Hydraulics and world-leading
peatland, conservation and emissions experts
• US$ 1 Million; 3 year program, 2006-2009.
• Eco-Hydrological and HCVF spatial planning to optimiseplantations and minimise impact on conservation forests
• Develop SOPs for Responsible Peatland Management
Pioneering Research on Responsible Peatland Management
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Planning Guidelines for Peat Landscapes
• Key objective is to protect the important hydrology core water source from external impacts by a narrow hydro buffer and a wider plantation ‘ring’ that have well managed water tables
• Peat Swamp Forest can be conserved only where its wet condition is maintained. Landscape planning must define how central core and all designated Conservation areas will be protected from plantation drainage impacts, including dealing with the ineviatable subsidence of drained plantation lands
• Limit drainage impacts on conservation ideally by conserving whole catchment areas, develop others: minimum fragmentation (eco-hydrology principles)
• Plantation landscape water management is designed to minimize subsidence & GHG emissions and maximize lifespan of productive plantations.
Science Based Peat Management ProjectAPRIL in partnership with NGO and Academic stakeholders
• Monitor water & gas stock & flux in large acacia & jungle areas
• Derive an annual water & Carbon balance
• Construct a hydrology process model
• Predict seasonal water surplus & deficits
• Preemptive control adjustments to keep the system at optimal water level
• Understand the subsidence & Carbon release process
Ground water flows
Deep ground water flows
Surface flows
water tablewater inflow
photosynthesisRoot respiration
Root decay
oxidationdewatering
consolidation
Peat formation
Peat bulk density
Soil temp
Litter to humus
interventions
Crop growth
Eco-Hydro ManagementWater control for reduced carbon emissions
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Eco-Hydro Ring ManagementCarbon Protection and Peat Conservation
Eco-Hydrology Planning and Peatland Profile• Central Dome or ‘bog plain’ porous /low density peat, must conserve as water
source (upstream, deep peat).• Mid-slopes with adequate peat density: hydro buffer to prevent drainage
impacts on the upslope central conservation core and Dome.• Mid-lower slopes with adequate topographic gradient / peat porosity: acacia
plantation ring under best practice water management• Lowest elevation riparian and seasonal flood plain: conserve high biodiversity
peat swamp forest in riparian corridor and basin peat ‘water sinks’ (hydrology conservation function as well)
• Alluvial / mineralized peat fringe: high priority to conserve biodiversity but largely occupied by community: promote sustainable livelihoods
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Eco-Hydrology Buffers• Function: Buffer 0 cm water depth in Conservation Core from 50 cm water depth in
plantation• Location: on the slope edge of bog plain, not inside the zone flatter than 2.0 km
between 0.5 m contours. Where 1.5 km contour spacing, 1200 m wide buffer• Science data: buffers hold water gradient of 15cm / 400 m : 45 cm over 1200 m• Where flatter than 1.5 km contour spacing need the 1600 m buffer• Monthly monitoring of all hydro buffers for ground water levels, surface water control
& response SOP (sandbags), quarterly monitoring of subsidence
Integrated Forest Management for Conservation
Teluk
Meranti
Village
Plantation
buffer
Water
management
zones
Plantation buffer and protected boundaries
No plantation buffer and community encroachment
Kerumutan
Nature
Reserve
Comparison of Eco-Hydrology Plantation Forest Management against “Business as Usual”
Degraded forests exposed to
external factors
•Illegal logging
•Encroachment
•Uncontrolled drainag
•Forest tree die-back
• Forest & Land Fire
= 60 ton/ha/year CO2 emission
Managed Eco-hydrology Plantation
Forest
-
•No forest & land fire
•Productive acacia plantation
•Managed water level
•Hydrologic buffers
•Protected Conservation Areas
= 45-55% avoided emissions
Berdasarkan data: APRIL, Delft/SBMSP 2009; Swedish Env. Research Institute (IVL) Oct 2009
Al Hooijer (Delft Hydraulics, Holland),
Dr. Susan Page (Leicester University, UK),
Dr. Ruth Nussbaum (ProForest, UK).
• The independent team supports APRIL’s commitment to management of peatlands through the SBMS Project for Sustainable Peatland Management.
• Forests and carbon sinks in peatland can only be sustainably managed if the hydrological system is protected or rehabilitated. This is of importance for conservation, and also vital for long-term economic production on peatland.
• Degraded land contains low conservation value and is of marginal potential for agriculture, but holds huge carbon deposits. Such land needs to be properly managed to minimize forest loss, land fires & carbon emissions.
• A new approach must be developed through the establishment of buffer zones and water control infrastructure (to balance water requirements, maximise production and minimise impact on intrinsic or adjacent conservation landscapes).
CONSERVATION
PRODUCTION
Statement on Sustainable PeatlandManagement by SBMS Project Team
June 2008
Practical SolutionsKampar Peninsular: Using Plantations to Secure a
conservation landscape and reduce carbon emissions.
Current Degradation in Kampar Core
Hydrology is a Liability
Still intact forested Core
area, not impacted by
hydrology degradation
Based on 300 sample points
0-50 cm
> 50 cm (>100 tCO2/ha/yr)
Kampar Ring PlantationIntegrated Landscape Management Planning
Estate Meranti (South Ring)
Estate Tasik Belat(North Ring)
Total concession area of approx. 56,000 Ha
Plantations: 35,000 Ha
Conservation: 15,000 Ha
Community: 6,000 Ha
250,000 Ha of Deep Peat Swamp Forest protected within Plantation & Community Ring
With Ring plantation and optimised water levels, current CO2 emissions can be reduced by 50% (or by 3 Million tons CO2/year).
Indigenous trees (also
functions as hydro buffer to
Indigenous trees (also
functions as hydro buffer to
river conservation areas)Livelihood zone (for
community agriculture)
Production (with hydro
management in canals) Livelihood zone Livelihood zone (for
community agriculture)
Hydro buffer (controlled Hydro buffer (controlled
and raised water levels)
Conservation (upstream deep peat)
Plantation Ring Plan – Meranti Estate(Kampar Ring South)
Eco-Hydro ManagementWater control for minimum impact conservation
boundaries and reduced carbon emissions
Controlled raising of water levels in
Eco-Hydro buffer zone between
planted and conservation areas
Investment in Forest Protection and Fire Prevention
Kampar Ring: Reduced Emissions
from Deforestation and Degradation
• Protective Ring of responsibly
managed plantations
• Reduced emissions impact
right across the landscape
• Protection of ecosystems and
biodiversity in core area
• Creation of several thousand
additional jobs
• Prevention of illegal logging
and opportunist settlers
• Collaborative management
with stakeholders
• Poverty alleviation and
participation by local
communities
• Avoided Emissions of 3 Million tons CO2
/year with Ring
• REDD Voluntary Market carbon credits up to US$15-20 Million /year
Social and Economic DevelopmentEnsuring that climate change commitments are
integrated with development objectives
Private Sector: Bridging the Social Gap
Active in social development and poverty alleviation in order to raise the standards and quality of living through the promotion of the following community empowerment programs:
- Integrated Farming System (80 villages; 3,000 families)
- Micro Small & Medium Business Program (development of 1,200 people)
- Community Fiber Farming 30,000 Ha (9,800 people in 32 villages)
- Social & Infrastructure Program (education, free health services for 20,000 people every year, building of mosques, schools, sports and cultural facilities)
- Vocational Training Program (689 trained persons) and Teacher Quality Enhancement Training in several schools.
• Generate employment opportunities and SME development towards alleviating poverty and upgrading community well-being.
Based on results of 2006 University of Indonesia Faculty of Economics LPEM study:
• Supporting local development through infrastructures (roads, bridges, ports) reaching remote areas.
• One of the largest export earners in Indonesia – up to US$ 1.5 billion/year, and capital
intensive within APRIL Indonesia with total assets of USD 5 billion.
Case-Study PT RAPP: Economic Contribution
*) Output: Market value of goods and services resulting from production activities to supply intermediate and end demands. Figures
in table represent economic output/revenue resulting from the presence of Riaupulp in Riau Province
Economic Impact Indicator – Riaupulp Actitivites, 1999 dan 2005
Scaling-UpNational and global contribution of responsibly
managed forest and peatland resource
• Consensus position of 200 of the worlds forestry stakeholders (Govt, Private, NGO, Community)
• Forests have a unique ability to simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions, capture carbon, & reduce the vulnerability of people and ecosystems to climate change.
• Sustainably managed forests support livelihoods of millions of rural people and deliver products, ecosystem services and biodiversity protection.
The Forests Dialogue 2009:
Co-Benefits of Managed Forests
Potential Co-Benefits of Indonesian Plantation Forestry
If Indonesian develops additional 9M Ha land (15% of production forest) into HTI, Mosaic Plantation Concept will result in:
– 2.1M Ha protected natural forest in conservation areas
– 2.3M Ha land managed by villagers for social development
– 4.6M Ha plantations
– 161M m3 of sustainable fiber/yr for world market.
– 38 M Adt pulp production
Total carbon impact: net reduced emissions of 150 Mt CO2/year
• “In the long term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained yield of timber, fiber or energy from the forest, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit.”
Source: IPCC 2007. Fourth Assessment Report.
Forestry as a Climate Change Solution
• A new science-based approach must be developed through the establishment of buffer zones and water control infrastructure (to balance water requirements, maximise production and minimise impact on intrinsic or adjacent conservation landscapes). [Source SBMSP Project 2009].
• Sustainable Plantation Ring Management in Kampar is essential for protecting the Kampar Peninsula Core peatland, reducing carbon emissions by 50% (compared to present condition, reducing from 6 to 3 Million Tons CO2/year) and achieving balanced social, environmental and economic benefits in a Sustainable Development context
• Sustainable Peatland Management in Kampar Ring can become the model for Government to showcase during COP XV UNFCCC summit), with a “Win-Win” solution which integrates the national development and climate change mitigation objectives.
• Positive outcomes from landscape level planning of Indonesia’s peatlands can provide maximum benefits to society – including environmental protection, economic & social development and carbon (REDD+).
SUMMARY
*Based on data: APRIL, Delft/SBMSP 2009; Swedish Env. Research Institute (IVL) Oct 2009
Acknowledgements of Best Practice
• Quality Management System (QMS) Certification
Pulp Production
Paper Production
• ISO Certification
Paper Permanence
• EMS Certification
Integrated Paper Production
• Environmental Management System (EMS) Certification
Riaupulp Fiber Estates
• OHSAS Certification
Riaupulp Fiber Operations
APRIL Mill Operations
• Runner-Up, Environmental Excellence Award –
HTI & HTR Development – Conservation and Community Aspects
• GREEN Rating PROPER 2005-2006; 2006-2007; 2008-2009 by the
Ministry for Environment
Program for Rating Environmental Management Performance
• 1st Place – Best Practice, Social Programs Overall
• 1st Place – Best Practice Social Program (Social Category)
