1209REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Reviews and Notices of Books.Optiq1te Physiologique. Leçons professés à la Sorbonne par

le Dr. TSCHERNING. (Physiological Optics. Lecturesdelivered at the Sorbonne by Dr. TSCHERNING.) Paris :Carr6 et Naud. 1898. Pp. 335.THE talented young author of this book, who is well

known as a translator into French of the works of

Dr. Thomas Young, has endeavoured to give to the

student within the limits of a portable volume an

intelligible account of physiological optics. The mathe-

matics introduced into the text are not beyond the

comprehension of a moderately well-instructed reader

and are not more abstruse than those that are to be

found in Dander’s classical treatise on the Refractionof the Eye published by the New Sydenham Society.He divides the book into three parts, the first treatingof Ocular Dioptrics ; the second of the Functions of the

Retina; and the third on the Movements of the Eyeand Binocular Vision. The early chapters are devoted

to the consideration of the ordinary laws of dioptrics andcatoptrics with definitions of such terms as "point of

fixation," "visual line," "optic axis," and the "angle a."A particularly good account is given of the images of

Purkinje and the mode in which they can best be

observed ; no less than six images are described. A chapteris occupied with the principles of ophthalmometry, andDr. Tscherning describes an ophthalmophakometer that hehas devised to determine the angle a. He speaks warmly inpraise of Dr. Young’s optometer. Anomalies of refractionare considered at some length and their relief by glasses isexplained. The subject of regular and irregular astigmia isparticularly well treated and many illustrative drawings ofthe latter are given.An interesting chapter is devoted to the consideration of

the various theories that have been advanced from the timeof Kepler to the present on the accommodation of the eye.Dr. Tscherning, it is now well known, has advanced a theoryof his own to explain the phenomena of accommodation, buthe remarks in a note on Helmholtz’s theory that greatmen should really be very reserved in their statements forfear of misleading their followers and partisans. Helmholtz,for example, suggested that the cornea is an ellipsoid, andalthough he especially states that the cornea does not

resemble such a surface, the idea has been so rooted in

men’s minds that it is difficult to eradicate it, and so withhis theory of accommodation, as will be seen if the troubleis taken to compare the doubtful phrases which he uses withthe positive statements contained in books professing to givehis views. The participation of the posterior surface of thecrystalline lens in accommodation, a principle that everyoneregards as certain, was in Helmholtz’s estimation onlyhighly probable. Dr. Tscherning himself holds that accom-modation is effected by the transient formation of an

anterior lenticonus by muscular effort, and this he considersto be the result of traction exerted upon the peripheryof the lens. The lens, he maintains, has a soft outer

layer, to which he applies the term " accommodation layer."The defective capability of accommodation of the eye in

advancing years is due to the reduction in thickness of thissoft external layer. It has been erroneously held, he is ofopinion, that traction exerted on the zonule effects the

flattening of the surfaces of the lens and that compressionexerted on the periphery of the lens augments its curva-

ture. The exact opposite really obtains-namely, that com-pression exerted on the periphery of the lens flattens the

surfaces, whilst traction effected on the zonule augments theconvexity of the lens at its centre whilst flattening that bodyat its periphery. Dr. Tscherning’s observations on the change

of form of the lens and on the images of Purkinje wereingeniously made on himself by the use of an ophthalmo-scopic mirror. In considering the subject of ophthalmoscopyhe demonstrates that the size of the image of the disc seenin the inverted image of the fundus of an emmetropic ey ethrough a +13 D. glass is enlarged about five times. In speak-ing of skiascopy or retinoscopy he reconciles the differentexpressions used by Parent and Leroy to explain the natureand movements of the shadow in that mode of examiningthe eye.The functions of the retina are briefly discussed under the

several headings of the luminous, the chromatic, and the formsenses The several theories of colour are dwelt upon at con-siderable length, leading him to remark that the subject ofcolour has not as yet found its Newton. The last partof the book is occupied witn the movements of the eye andbinocular vision. Enough has been said to indicate thatthese lectures should be read by every student of ophthal-mology, and we venture to say that all who do so will derivepleasure and profit from their perusal.

Flesh Foods, 7vit7i Methods for their Chemical, Microsc(ipical,I and Bacteriological Examination. By C. AIBSWORTH

MITCHELL, B.A. Oxon., F.I.C., F.C.S. London : CharlesGriffin fnd Co., Limited. 1900. Pp. 336. Price 10s. 6d.

OUR knowledge of all that pertains to flesh foods is

certainly very widely scattered and a rea2sme of thevarious contributions on the subject was needed. In thework before us Mr. Mitchell has undertaken this taskin a thorough manner and with success. The subjectsinvolved are not easy to collate, especially as they embraceso many departments of specific knowledge. The authordefines the work as a practical handbook for medical

men, analysts, inspectors, and others. Physiology, bacterio-logy, and chemistry are all necessarily indicated in an

inquiry into the nature and character of flesh foods. Again,the microscope is an essential aid in discriminating normalor abnormal flesh and in indicating the existence of parasitesand in identifying them. Nor is a macroscopic examinationwithout value, and, indeed, a close study of the appearanceof meats enables the examiner to pass judgment on the fit-ness or unfitness of meat for human consumption. The

importance of the book is accentuated when this particularbearing of the study of flesh foods is regarded. The work is

exhaustive, as will be seen from the following broad synopsisof its contents. Chapter I. deals with the structure

and chemical composition of muscular fibre, Chapter II.with the structure and composition of connective tissue

and blood, Chapter III. with the flesh of different

animals, Chapter IV. with the examination of flesh,Chapter V. with the methods of examining animal fat,Chapter VI. with the preservation of flesh and the com-

position and examination of preserved flesh products,Chapter VII. with the composition and analysis of sausages,Chapter VIII. with the proteids of flesh, Chapter IX. withmeat extracts and flesh peptones, Chapter X. with the cookingof flesh, Chapter XL with poisonous flesh, Chapter XII. withthe animal parasites of flesh, Chapter XIII. with the

bacteriological examination of flesh, and Chapter XIV. withthe extraction and separation of ptomaines. Of these

chapters those relating to chemistry, composition and

analysis are in our opinion the best written. The

chapter on meat extracts and flesh peptones is

specially valuable in usefully presenting in reviewthe chemical methods in vogue for the valuation of meat

extracts, peptones, &c. It must be confessed that the differ-entiation of the various digested products by chemical meansis still far from satisfactory and, further, we have no

definite idea as to the real physiological value of the

various definite products which have been thus chemically

1210 REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

separated. It is the fashion now to determine the total

proteids by means of bromine water and the albumose by"salting out" with zinc sulphate, but who shall anirm that thephysiological value of a given preparation varies directlywith the amount of constitutents indicated by these precipi-tants ? 7 The chapter to which we have referred is, however,valuable, as we have said, because it recounts the methodsof analysis employed by various observers in the separation ofproteids and, moreover, gives the results obtained with

several well-known meat preparations. To some extent,therefore, we are enabled to comprehend the various methodsat a glance and to get some idea of their comparative worthor worthlessness in throwing a light upon the value of thepreparations as real nutrients.With the general plan of the book we have no fault to

find ; the subject is admittedly difficult of classification. Adecided improvement in the arrangement of the subject-matter, however, would have been a greater display in type ofthe headings of the various chapters so as more sharply todistinguish the headings of the chapters from the headingsof the paragraphs. In some cases the headings of the

paragraphs are in larger capitals than the headings of thechapters. This is a disadvantageous arrangement whensearching through the pages for the different subjects. We

are aware of no work in the English language which isdevoted entirely to "flesh foods," although the importanceof having at hand all that has been usefully written uponthe subject compactly between two covers is obvious. The

possession of a copy of Mr. Mitchell’s work will save medicalmen, analysts, sanitary inspectors, and others an infinite

amount of reference which previously had to be made toa score of books each touching upon the subject only hereand there.

The Origin and Claarcccter (tf the British People.By NOTTIDGE CHARLES MACNAMARA. London : Smith,Elder, and Co. 1900. Pp. 234. Illustrated. Price 6s.

WITHIN the last few months a veritable epidemic of workson ethnology, anthropology, sociology, and the allied

sciences appears to have infected authors and publishersalike, and what with Keane’s "Man, Past and Present,"Deniker’s " Races of Man," Ripley’s "Races of Europe," andthe recent translation of Haberlandt’s "Ethnology," we mustconfess to a certain sense of bewilderment. As regards thevolume under review, in that it deals with a subject of suchpersonal interest as the evolution, moral and physical, of ourown race, there can be no doubt that it will appealto a large number of English readers for whom abstractworks on ethnology would have fewer attractions. Start-

ing with the primitive inhabitants of these islands,from the evidence of craniology and palaeolithic research, weare presented with a very fair picture of the generalphysical and mental development of the race from which weoriginally sprang. The picture becomes still clearer when

we come to the period of foreign immigration which set in ina westward direction and left its mark by intermarriage andassociation on the natural characteristics and qualities of apeople who seemed almost incapable of independent mentalevolution.As far back as the time of the Roman invasion the Iberian

or primitive stock was already mixed with a Mongolian andAryan element, and before the time of William the Con-

queror there had been a further fusion with Teutonic races.This free intermingling with the hardy Teutonic elementshas endowed the British people with great vigour and

pliability of character-virtues which were not conspicuousin our original Iberian progenitors. Contrasting the diverseelements which constitute our composite character it is not

altogether reassuring to learn that there are indications ofa reversion to the Iberian type to be noticed among the

working classes of London and other large towns, and thatthis tendency is not confined to psychological attributesalone but unfortunately extends to the physical development.The psychological similarities and differences which are

peculiar to different races, the reasons for their manifesta-tion, and the effect of their operation, constitute sociologicalproblems which are suggestively and ably dealt with by theauthor in his concluding chapter. For instance, concerningthe future settlement of South Africa, we are reminded thatthe Boers are derived from the same branch of the human

family as we are ourselves, and that they possess distinctiveracial characteristics-’i a brave, self-reliant people, whounder just laws and with strict regard to their preju-dices and hereditary sentiments will in time fraternisewith the Anglo-Saxon." But whether or no abstract

sociology has general application in practical politics this

advice with regard to our "brother Boer " has a practicaland withal a familiar ring. In those portions of the bookwhich have reference to the evolution of man we cannot

help thinking that the author exhibits less breadth of viewthan when dealing with the more general questions of

ethnology. While admitting that all evidence goes to provethat man and the anthropoid apes are descended froma common ancestor he maintains that the main factorwhich has determined their distinctive differences is to bediscovered in the method of ossification to be observed in

their respective skulls. The skull of man possessesgreater innate power of growth" and the frontalsutures remain longer open : the brain is in consequenceallowed greater freedom of expansion than obtains inthe case of the animals lower in the scale. A dis-

tinction of such fundamental importance can hardly bedrawn with justice from the evidence of craniology alone.The problem is one of general biology which admits of nosuch simple solution. If it be true that the gorilla has beencondemned to eternal brutality merely because the protectiveenvelopes of his brain refused to expand and that manbecame man because the same structures spontaneouslyenlarged, there is less in the influence of environmentand the response of protoplasm to external stimuli than

many of us are inclined to believe.Dealing, however, with a subject of wide human interest

Mr. Macnamara has marshalled his facts and theories in alogical and scholarly spirit and has contributed a scientificand literary volume to the goodly library of works bymedical authors.

Diseases of Women. By E. C. DUDLEY, A.M.. M.D. Secondedition, revised and enlarged. With 453 Illustrations,of which 47 are in Colours, and eight Full-Page Plates inColours and Monochrome. London: Henry Kimpton.1900. Pp. 717. Royal 8vo. Price 21s. net.

As it is only two years since the first edition of this bookwas published the author has had merely to modify andre-arrange the work and make such changes and additionsas were necessary to secure greater accuracy and complete-ness. One of the defects that we noticed when the bookfirst appeared-viz., that no separate account was given ofthe functional disorders of menstruation and of sterility-hasbeen remedied by the addition of another part to the book.This includes a detailed account of the disorders of menstrua-tion and of sterility. The pathological states in which thesesymptoms are present are described and their appropriatetreatment is pointed out. These chapters will no doubtincrease the usefulness of the book to students and

practitioners.The sections upon diagnosis and cystitis have been largely

added to. Dr. Dudley points out that the management ofcystitis has risen from the plane of empiricism and hastaken its place upon the scientific basis of pathology." This

1211REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.

change is due mainly to recent investigation (especially 1

bacteriological) into its etiology and improved modes of 1

examination and of treatment. Attention is drawn to the I

important fact that in a large number of cases the urineremains acid and that cystitis is only a symptom andnot a distinct disease. The value of the endoscope andcystoscope is very great and by their use alone can a

certain diagnosis be made and efficient treatment be carriedout. Routine washing out of the bladder is condemned. In

the chapter upon diagnosis an interesting account is given of"Harris’s Segregator," an ingenious instrument for collect-ing the urine separately from each ureter. It consists of two

catheters, their straight portion being inclosed in a flattenedtube and each being separate and moveable upon its longi-tudinal axis. The instrument having been introduced intothe bladder the catheters are rotated so that their curvedbladder ends lie one on either side of the trigone. A

metallic lever which can be attached to the catheters by ametal arm is introduced into the vagina and its upper endis elevated so as to raise that portion of the bladder wallwhich lies between the two separated ends of the rotated Icatheters, and so form a watershed. The urine as it escapeson either side from the ureters flows out through thecatheter of the same side. The instrument is certainlyingenious in conception. It is claimed that it has

advantages over the ureteral catheter in that it can be usedby the non-expert, does not invade the ureters, and thereforecannot injure or infect them. The book retains its chief

characters and we still think, as we remarked in our

notice of the first edition, that it is of unequalmerit and somewhat badly proportioned. It gives, however,a very interesting view of the practice and opinionsof one of the prominent American gynaecologists. It is a

pity that the author has been compelled to increase its sizeby some 78 pages. 31 new illustrations have been added andsix very excellent coloured plates. At the present day the artof book-illustration has been carried to such a high pitch inAmerica, and such beautiful examples of it have recentlyappeared in some of the American text-books, that it is alittle disappointing to find how poorly many of the illustra-tions in this work are reproduced, especially such as areoriginal. We can commend the work to those who wish toknow something of the American school of gynaecology.

LIBRARY TABLE.

Eth’iWlogy. (Temple Encyclopaedic Primer Series.) ByDr. MICHAEL HABERLANDT. Translated by J. H. LOEWE.London: J. M. Dent and Co. 1900. Pp. 167. Illustrated.Price ls.-This little work on ethnology, one of the latestadditions to the Temple Primer" series, has been trans-lated from the German of Dr. Michael Haberlandt by Mr.J. H. Loewe. Dr. Michael Haberlandt, although an

accepted authority on the subject of ethnology, has not

the gift of literary fluency, his style is ponderous even

for a German. Unfortunately the translator has kept soclosely to the idiomatic style of the original German thatthe reader is frequently forced to a mental paraphrasebefore he arrives at the meaning which certainsentences are intended to convey. The subject-matter,although necessarily condensed, is interesting and sug-gestive from start to finish and it affords the readera very fair insight into what may be called the alphabetand grammar of the science. Although ethnology is

by no means confined to the prehistoric history-ifwe may use the paradox-of the races, so far as this littlework is concerned the story of mankind mostly leaves offwhere written records and papyri take up the narrative.The contents are divided into three sections. The first dealswith the forces in the life of nations which have contributed

to their development ; the second section is concerned withthe culture of the different races ; and the third and largestsection gives a short statistical survey of the present distri-bution of nations and a systematic history of the more

important races of man. The reader who has made himself

acquainted with the contents of this unpretentions littlevolume will be sufficiently well versed in the moral, mental,and physical characteristics of man in all their ethnologicalmanifestations to form a thoroughly reliable picture ofmankind.

The Human Frame and the Larvs of Health. (TempleEncyclopaedic Primer Series.) By Dr. REBMANN and Dr.SEILER. Translated from the German by F. W. KEEBLE,M.A. London : J. M. Dent and Co. 1900. Pp. 140. Illus-

trated. Price ls.-This little book could hardly be morecondensed: in 140 pages it contains as many facts relatingto physiology, ’anatomy, and hygiene as in less able handscould well be spread over three volumes of the same size.The subject-matter is, however, presented in such an

attractive and interesting form that the reader is by nomeans conscious of the degree of condensation until he

takes stock of the knowledge which he has acquired bythe perusal of the book. From beginning to end it would bemost difficult to detect an unnecessary or redundant sen-

tence, and the authors have evidently been at great pains toreject controversial and theoretical matter and to emphasiseonly established facts and necessary essentials. The first

part is divided into seven chapters, which deal in order withthe Skeleton, the Muscles, the Nervous System, Metabolism,Excretion, Temperature, and the Larynx. The reason forthe separation of the larynx from the organs which are

usually arranged in association is not altogether evident,and wedged in as it is between chapters on Tempera-ture and tables of chemical constituents it tends to

upset the continuity of scheme which is manifest

throughout the other sections of the work. The second

part, which is concerned with the laws of health, isfurther subdivided into the three following subjects : (1)the Necessaries of Life, () Hygiene for Special Circum-stances, and (3) the Care of the Body. The importance ofapplied physiology in the development of mind and body,especially in children, renders this second part particularlyvaluable for board school teachers and others who have the

charge of young persons. It is to be hoped that many ofthose who hold these responsible positions will avail them-

selves of the opportunities afforded by this little work for

acquiring the necessary knowledge in an easy and effectualmanner.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Eozema. By TOMROBINSON, M.D. St. And., physician to the Western Skin

j Hospital. Second edition. London : J. & A. Churchill.. 1900. 8vo. Pp. 136. Price 3s. 6d.-The differences between, this, the second edition, and the first, which appeared inl 1887, are very slight ; here and there a word is altered or aj sentence is added or a phrase is removed, but there isl certainly no indication of the extension of our knowledge) during the last 13 years. The index has been reprintedt without any alteration so that the references to pages are often inaccurate. This is a pity, as it would have been easy1 to have made it correct. Allowing for these defects it may, be said that the account of eczema which this little book- contains may prove useful to those who have but little

acquaintance with the subject.t

SANITARY INSPECTORS’ ASSOCIATION.-A meetingf of the western branch of this association was held on

e Oct. 13th at Tiverton under the presidency of the Mayor.x The borough surveyor gave an address on Sanitary Work in

Tiverton and the deputy medical officer of health (Dr. R.:. Shiels) read an interesting paper on Tracing Epidemics.s The newly-erected isolation hospital was inspected and thedmembers were entertained at dinner by the Mayor.

1212 ANALYTICAL RECORDS.

Analytical RecordsFROM

THE LANCET LABORATORY.

BYNO-HEMOGLOBIN.

(ALLEN AND HANBURYS, BETHNAL-GREEN, LONDON, E.)

HEMOGLOBIN is of well-known value in impoverishedconditions of the blood, and its association with the activeenzyme of malt is calculated to add to its value in favourablypromoting the processes of nutrition. Besides being anactive digestive of farinaceous food liquid malt or bynincontains itself nutritive elements. This new preparation istherefore a therapeutic gain. It presents iron in the bestknown assimilable form. We have carefully examined thepreparation and have found the haemoglobin to be present assuch intact. On diluting byno-bsemoglobin with water afluid is obtained resembling diluted blood and its spectrumis identical with fresh blood. At the same time its digestiveaction on starch remains unimpaired, as is shown by its

rapid liquefying effect upon starch jelly with ultimate

conversion into dextrin and malt sugar. The preparationaffords a very agreeable way of administering pure hsemo-globin. Its taste is pleasantly malty and it keeps well

though no objectionable means are adopted for its preserva-tion.

ICHTHOFORM.

(GUSTAV HERMANNI, JUNIOR, 20, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.)

Ichthoform is the interesting compound of ichthyol andformaldehyde. It possesses the same colour as ichthyol butichthoform is an inpalpable powder. The chief object ofthis preparation therapeutically appears to be to ensure

ichthyol reaching the intestinal canal. The powder is

unchanged in the gastric juice. In the intestinal canal itseffect is doubtless antiseptic owing, to the formaldehydepresent, while the ichthyol exerts a specific medicinal action.Ichthoform is stated to hive been used with advantage indysentery and typhus fever.

OXO (FLUID BEEF).(LIEBIG’S EXTRACT OF MEAT COMPANY, LIMITED, 9, FENCHURCH-

AVENUE, LONDON, E.C.)This is a concentrated beef essence prepared evidently by

the aid of heat. It contains insoluble albuminous sub-

,stances but neither syntonin nor unaltered (fluid) albumin.According to our examination it does not contain any

important quantity of peptone but contains albumose

judging from the precipitates obtained with bromine andzinc sulphate respectively. The proximate analysis was asfollows: moisture, 37-76 per cent. ; organic matters,47 61 per cent. ; mineral matters, 14 63 per cent. Thetotal nitrogen was 7’24 per cent. The insoluble albuminousmatter amounted to 9’49 per cent., while the albumose,according to the zinc sulphate precipitate, amounted to

12’48 per cent. About three-fourths of the solid matterswere insoluble in alcohol. The percentage, therefore, of

crystalline extractives (stimulating) is small in relation tothe real nutrient matters. The preparation makes a pleasantbeef cup," the taste being very satisfactory and appetising."Oxo "possesses nutritive value and serves undoubtedly asan aid to nourishment.

(1) TABLOID BLAUD PILL; AND (2) "ENULE" LEAD ANDOPIUM.

(BURROUGHS WHLLCOME AND CO., SNOW-HILL-BUILDINGS,LONDON, E.C.)

According to our examination the tabloid Blaud pillsecures the administration of the iron in an absolutelyunoxidised or ferrous condition. The mixture of ferrous

sulphate and sodium carbonate keels intact partly by the

effectually protective coating of sugar and partly by theexcellent condition of the salts at the time of mixing.Though the mixture is compressed and compact, yet onmoistening the mass the interaction of the two salts soontakes place and is speedily complete. Each tabloid is equiva.lent to an eight-grain Blaud pill. The therapeutic object ofthe Blaud pill is, of course, lost unless very careful meansare taken as in the tabloid for the protection of its contents

against oxidation. The lead and opium " enule" is a rectalsuppository of special shape containing three grains of

sugar of lead and one grain of opium. The " enule" is con.tained in a metal protective sheath which protects the.contents from objectionable atmospheric influences. This

particular " enule" has been designed as a convenient meansof obtaining the astringent and sedative effects respectivelyof acetate of lead and opium.

VARIOUS MINERAL WATERS.’ (JEWSBURY AND BROWN, ARDWICK GREEN, MANCHESTER.)

We have commented before on the desirability of

providing a scrupulously pure supply of water for the

preparation of aerated beverages and also special machinerywhich cannot give rise at any point to metallic contamina-tion. We have carefully examined various samples ofartificial mineral waters, aerated beverages, and carbonatedmedicinal waters submitted to us by the above makers. Inno instance did we find any evidence of metallic contamina-tion or of the common impurities of water, while in thecase of carbonated medicinal waters we invariably foundthe amount of drug present to be substantially as described.We carefully assayed, for example, the soda, lithia, potash,and lysidine waters with the result that we found exactlythe respective quantities said to be present. The specimenof hop ale proved to be a very agreeable effer.

vescing beverage delicately bittered with hops. Itis correctly described as "non-intoxicating," the amount

of alcohol, according to our analysis, being under 2 percent. by volume. A satisfactory beverage also is the " lemonsoda" which though agreeably lemon-flavoured is not

excessively sweet as is most lemonade. It is more like the

average kind of lemonade diluted with soda water and hence

probably its name "lemon soda." "Dry ginger ale" isanother improved beverage possessing the delicate aromaticflavour of ginger, unirritating and with a much less pro-portion of sugar than is usually the case. Amongst theaerated medicinal waters were piperazine and lysidinewaters. Finally, the above firm prepares an excellentkoumiss. These aerated preparations are of merit andentitled to praise on account of their purity and excellentquality. The modifications, too, in regard to the palata-bility of certain popular and wholesome beverages in themanner we have indicated will be recognised as improye-ments.

TAKARADZUKA MINERAL WATER (TANSAN).

(J. C. WILKINSON, HIOGO, JAPAN, PROPRIETOR. LONDON : COSENZA AND

CO., 95, WIGMORE-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE, W.)

This sparkling mineral water apparently hails from Japanand according to the analysis printed on the label of thebottle contains a notable quantity of iron. Some claim is

made, therefore, for this water in favour of its ferruginousproperties. We cannot endorse this claim in any sense, forwe found absolutely no iron present nor could we confirm theanalysis referred to in other respects. We could only findcommon salt and a little carbonate of lime. The total solidmatters amounted to 17’50 grains per gallon, of which 16’45grains were common salt. We could not find that there wereany sulphates present, as is also stated on the label. Thesedifferences are difficult to account for unless it is that thewater has been derived from another source since the analysisprinted on the label of the bottle was made. The water is