Rome: ExpansionRome: Expansion

Roman Government - OtherRoman Government - Other• SenateSenate• MagistratesMagistrates

• ConsulsConsuls• PraetorsPraetors• CensorsCensors

• Assemblies Assemblies Groups of citizens who voted Groups of citizens who voted on various things within the government.on various things within the government.

• Tribunes – 10 elected officials from the Tribunes – 10 elected officials from the assemblies who would vote to assemblies who would vote to approve/disapprove of actions of the Senate or approve/disapprove of actions of the Senate or other officials.other officials.

The ArmyThe ArmyAll male citizens had to serve in the army All male citizens had to serve in the army for a certain amount of time. (most for a certain amount of time. (most commanders were patrician, though commanders were patrician, though plebeians could rise)plebeians could rise)

Legion-Legion- Basic unit of the military 4000- Basic unit of the military 4000-6000 soldiers divided into groups of 100 6000 soldiers divided into groups of 100 CenturiansCenturians

Auxilia-Auxilia- Army units of non-citizens. Army units of non-citizens. Conquered territories were required to Conquered territories were required to provide troopsprovide troops

Very strict discipline, and strong incentives. Very strict discipline, and strong incentives. “Strength and Honor”“Strength and Honor”

Expanding beyond ItalyExpanding beyond Italy

Romans were proud of their government Romans were proud of their government and culture- thought it was their destiny to and culture- thought it was their destiny to be superior to other culturesbe superior to other cultures

Allowed conquered people to keep their Allowed conquered people to keep their own Language, customs, religion etc… as own Language, customs, religion etc… as long as they obeyed Roman law. (pay long as they obeyed Roman law. (pay taxes, provide troops for Auxilia)taxes, provide troops for Auxilia)

Most societies adapt and blend into Rome Most societies adapt and blend into Rome (cosmopolitan society)(cosmopolitan society)

The Punic Wars (Rome Vs. The Punic Wars (Rome Vs. Carthage)Carthage)

Who are we fighting and why is it Who are we fighting and why is it important?important?

Carthage is a city in North Africa.Carthage is a city in North Africa.

Largest power on South side of Mediterranean- Largest power on South side of Mediterranean- expanding (like Rome)expanding (like Rome)

Wanted territory in Sicily, Sardinia, Spain- and Wanted territory in Sicily, Sardinia, Spain- and so did Romeso did Rome

Carthage=Sea Power Rome= Land PowerCarthage=Sea Power Rome= Land Power

First large scale war for Rome- cemented who First large scale war for Rome- cemented who they were and what they were aboutthey were and what they were about

First Punic WarFirst Punic War

264-241 bc264-241 bc

Main argument was over SicilyMain argument was over Sicily

War took time to start b/c Rome needed to build War took time to start b/c Rome needed to build a navy to compete with Carthage (stole one of a navy to compete with Carthage (stole one of their boats and copied it).their boats and copied it).

Developed “boarding bridges” to allow them to Developed “boarding bridges” to allow them to engage in hand-to-hand combat.engage in hand-to-hand combat.

Rome wins (sort of)- gets Sicily and forces Rome wins (sort of)- gets Sicily and forces Carthage to pay Reparations (damages- costs of Carthage to pay Reparations (damages- costs of war)war)

Second Punic WarSecond Punic War

Carthage Strikes back 218-202 BCECarthage Strikes back 218-202 BCECarthage has a great commander- Carthage has a great commander- Hannibal.Hannibal. He He attacks Rome from the North (unexpected) and attacks Rome from the North (unexpected) and uses Scorched Earth- destroys everything he uses Scorched Earth- destroys everything he passes to create panic.passes to create panic.CannaeCannae- 216 BCE biggest defeat Rome will ever - 216 BCE biggest defeat Rome will ever have- can anything stop Hannibal?have- can anything stop Hannibal? Rome decided the best plan is attack Carthage- Rome decided the best plan is attack Carthage- draw Hannibal home- send draw Hannibal home- send ScipioScipio202 BCE Hannibal killed at battle of Zama- 202 BCE Hannibal killed at battle of Zama- Rome wins again- gets SpainRome wins again- gets Spain

Third Punic WarThird Punic War

149-146 bc149-146 bc

Carthage is defeated- but Rome decides Carthage is defeated- but Rome decides that as long as it exists- it is still a threat- that as long as it exists- it is still a threat- no one can challenge Rome and liveno one can challenge Rome and live

Attack and wipe the city off the earthAttack and wipe the city off the earth

For good measure- conquer For good measure- conquer Macedon/Greece because they had been Macedon/Greece because they had been Carthage’s ally.Carthage’s ally.

Results of Punic WarsResults of Punic Wars

Rome is master of the MediterraneanRome is master of the Mediterranean

Have Spain, North Africa, GreeceHave Spain, North Africa, Greece

Divide conquered territories into Divide conquered territories into provinces- each with a governor appointed provinces- each with a governor appointed by the senateby the senate

Conquered citizens become Roman Conquered citizens become Roman subjects (not citizens)subjects (not citizens)

Changes in The Roman RepublicChanges in The Roman Republic

• GovernmentGovernment• Senate/nobles more powerfulSenate/nobles more powerful• Formation of corrupt, provincial governments.Formation of corrupt, provincial governments.

• AgricultureAgriculture• Small farmers lose landSmall farmers lose land• Rome begins to get grain from outer provinces.Rome begins to get grain from outer provinces.

• SocietySociety• Farmers cannot afford to rebuild – sell land and Farmers cannot afford to rebuild – sell land and

move to cities.move to cities.• Urban poor depend on government for food Urban poor depend on government for food

(welfare)(welfare)• New class of wealthy businessmen (equites)New class of wealthy businessmen (equites)