ROUND 7

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

Related Tossup/Bonus

1. In this work, the author asks for a beaker of Hippocrene, and the musk rose is described as being “mid-May’s eldest child.” The eighth line of each stanza is written in trimeter, and this poem compares the word “forlorn” to a bell. The author states that the homesick Ruth heard the title figure’s song in this poem, containing the lines “tender is the night” and “Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird.” For 10 points, name this poem by John Keats.ANSWER: “Ode to a Nightingale”<Douglass>

Bonus: The titular entity is called both “Destroyer” and “Preserver” in this 1819 poem that was written in a wood near the Arno River in Florence. For 10 points each:[10] Name this poem in terza rima that asks “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”ANSWER: “Ode to the West Wind”[10] This Percy Shelley poem, written as part of a contest with Horace Smith, uses an Egyptian pharaoh’s broken monument as a symbol of fleeting achievement.ANSWER: “Ozymandias”<Berdichevsky>

2. In Act II of Julius Caesar, Cassius compares Caesar to this item which was built to celebrate the end of a siege by Demetrius I. It was sold to an Edessan scrap metal dealer in 654 CE by a conquering Arab expedition, several centuries after locals declined Ptolemy III’s offer to rebuild this monument designed by Chares of Lyndus. For 10 points, the Mandrákion harbor was not actually straddled by what statue of Helios that comprised one of the seven wonders of the ancient world?ANSWER: The Colossus of Rhodes<Ismail>

Bonus: He opened the American Museum in New York City in 1841, where he exhibited such attractions as the Siamese twins Chang and Eng. For 10 points each:[10] Name this partner of James Bailey who also exhibited Jumbo the elephant, Jenny Lind, and General Tom Thumb.ANSWER: Phineas Taylor Barnum[10] Allegedly caught by Dr. J. Griffin in the namesake sea, Barnum acquired this marine oddity from Moses Kimball. It was actually formed by joining a monkey and a fish.ANSWER: Fiji Mermaid<Berdichevsky>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

3. In Drosophila, they are maintained by non-LTR retrotransposons, and the Hayflick limit is the inability to maintain them in somatic cells. In vertebrates, they form unusual GG pairings while an enzyme catalyzes translocation and hybridization after adding dNTPs specified by an RNA template. Usually rich in guanine, they have 3' [three prime] ends extending 12 to 16 nucleotides beyond the complementary cytosine-rich strand. For 10 points, name these TTAGGG sequence repeats that are maintained in germline and tumor cells, making them immortal.ANSWER: telomeres<Luo>

Bonus: Human cells can undergo gene damage in many ways, and counter it in just as many. For ten points per part:[10] Superoxides are example of these molecules with unpaired electrons that damage cells, which antioxidants act against.ANSWER: free radicals[10] This protein, named for its molecular weight in kilodaltons, regulates the cell cycle and has a strong suppressive effect on cancer.ANSWER: p53<Rahman>

4. In it, the portrait of Magdalen is based on the Marchesa Attavanti, sister of an escapee who hides in the chapel of Sant’ Andrea della Valle and eventually takes poison after being captured in the well of the garden. “E lucevan le stelle” and “Recondita armonia” are sung by Angelloti’s fellow Republican, the painter Mario Cavaradossi, whose mock execution on the roof of Fort St. Angelo becomes real after the stabbing of Scarpia causes the title character to leap to her death. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera.ANSWER: Tosca<Luo>

Bonus: Angelotti disguises himself as a woman in Tosca. Name these other operas involving disguises for 10 points each.[10] To rescue her husband Florestan from jail, Leonore dresses up as the titular youth of this only Beethoven opera.ANSWER: Fidelio[10] Under the spell of a potion, Sigfried puts on the Tarnhelm and disguises himself as Gunther to trick Brünhilde in this final opera of Wagner’s Ring Cycle.ANSWER: Götterdämmerung [or Twilight of the Gods]<Frankel>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

5. At one battle in this conflict, the losing commander, Colonel Francisco Bolognesi, was killed while defending the port of Arica. At another battle of this conflict, an army led by Andres Caceres was defeated at Tarapaca. The war ended with the Treaty of Ancon, which was signed in 1883 and allowed one side to occupy the province of Tacna. For 10 points, name this war which broke out in 1879 over a disputed portion of the Atacama desert, a victory for Chile over the nations of Bolivia and Peru.ANSWER: the War of the Pacific [accept the Saltpeter War]<Yaphe>

Bonus: He succeeded his father in 1525, but controversy arose when his brother received part of the empire. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Incan who was known as “Sun of Joy,” and who died in 1532, possibly on the orders of his brother.ANSWER: Inti Cusi Huallpa Huascar[10] This brother of Huascar died in 1533, making him the last Inca emperor.ANSWER: Atahualpa<Yaphe>

6. The P’eng-Niao is half of one of these and half dragon, and the Egyptian Benu is one of these associated with the beginning of the world. Garuda is one that serves as the mount of Vishnu. Middle Eastern myth is rife with these creatures, including the bloodthirsty Hameh, the wise and age-old Simurgh, and a large elephant-eating creature found in the travels of Sinbad, known as the Roc. For 10 points, name this class of animals also seen in myth in the form of the Phoenix.ANSWER: birds [or aves]<Westbrook>

Bonus: This supreme Aztec deity, a plumed serpent, ruled over the fifth world age, which is the current one. For 10 points each:[10] Name this twin brother of Xolotl [zoh-LOH-tuhl].ANSWER: Quetzalcoatl[10] Xolotl was a god of lightning who guided souls to this Aztec underworld, which was ruled by a figure known as the “lord of the realm of the dead.”ANSWER: Mictlan<Yaphe>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

7. Graphically represented by an equilateral hyperbola, at the namesake temperature associated with this law the fluid's intermolecular attractive and repulsive effects balance and the second virial coefficient equals zero. Discovered by allowing a trapped sample of gas in a manometer to equilibrate to constant temperature, it is sometimes also known as Mariotte's Law. For 10 points identify this law that states that at constant temperature, a gas' volume is inversely proportional to its pressure. ANSWER: Boyle's Law<Mitchell>

Bonus: Answer the following about the kinetics and thermodynamics of gases, for 10 points each.[10] This description applies to most gases around standard temperature and pressure, where the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory generally seem to hold.ANSWER: ideal gas[10] Denoted by z, this is PV divided by RT, and its deviation from unity, often plotted as pressure increases, is a measure of how non-ideal a gas is.ANSWER: compressibility factor<Rahman>

8. This doctrine was applied to thermal imaging in 2001’s Kyllo v. U.S. In U.S. v. Crews, the Supreme Court outlined the attenuation exception to this rule, while other exceptions include “independent source,” “inevitable discovery,” and “good faith.” Associated with the “fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine, it was created in 1918’s Weeks v. U.S., and incorporated to the state level in 1961’s Mapp v. Ohio. For 10 points, name this rule which makes unconstitutionally obtained evidence inadmissible in criminal proceedings.ANSWER: exclusionary rule<Nance>

Bonus: Identify these torts for 10 points each.[10] This term refers to a defamatory false statement published in a written or visual form.ANSWER: libel[10] This term refers to an intentional, unlawful threat to cause bodily injury, though it need not involve actual contact.ANSWER: assault<Nance>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

9. This author of Emil Kolb and Knulp criticized the educational system in Beneath the Wheel. In one of his novels, Franz Kromer taunts a boy who has falsely confessed to stealing apples, Emil Sinclair. In another, Plinio Designori’s friend Joseph Knecht is awarded the title “Magister Ludi.” In another, an incident in Pablo’s hall of mirrors causes a sentence of “eternal life” to be pronounced on Harry Haller. For 10 points, identify this author of Demian, The Glass Bead Game, Steppenwolf, and Siddhartha.ANSWER: Hermann Hesse<Bykowski>

Bonus: He believed that the “fourth wall” should be demolished, thereby engaging the audience more effectively. For 10 points each:[10] Name this playwright of The Good Woman of Setzuan, The Caucasian Chalk Circle, and The Life of Galileo.ANSWER: Eugen Berthold Brecht[10] This Brecht play, set during the Thirty Years War, concerns Anna Fierling, the owner of a canteen wagon, and such offspring as Eilif, Katrin, and Swiss Cheese.ANSWER: Mother Courage and Her Children [or Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder]<Wolpert>

10. It escalated to violence after Count Miloradovich was shot by Peter Kakhovsky. Involving Pestel’s Southern Society and Muraviev’s Northern Society, its leaders elected Trubetskoy as interim dictator. It demanded “Constantine and constitution” following Alexander I’s death, while meeting in Senate Square at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. For 10 points, identify this failed revolt against the elevation of Nicholas I to tsar, named for the month in which it occurred.ANSWER: Decembrist revolt<Mitchell>

Bonus: Answer the following about the Russian Revolutions, for 10 points per part.[10] This prince served as the first head of Russia’s provisional government following the February revolution, before he was supplanted by Kerensky.ANSWER: Prince Georgi Lvov[10] After returning to Russia from Finland in October 1917, Lenin created this central policy making body of the Communist Party to oversee the upcoming Bolshevik coup. ANSWER: Politburo [prompt on Political Bureau]<Douglass>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

Tossups

1. Velocity is finite and acceleration infinite in the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck analysis of this phenomenon. The first mathematical model for it was based on an analysis of stock prices collected by Louis Bachelier, while Albert Einstein's quantitative study on this phenomenon in 1905 allowed Jean-Baptiste Perrin to verify the existence of atoms in the physical sense. Often characterized as a Wiener stochastic process, it was first observed in an 1827 experiment examining pollen grains under a microscope. For 10 points, identify this term for the random movement of particles in a fluid.ANSWER: Brownian Motion<Frankel>

2. His canine-inspired works include a portrait of “A Most Remarkable and Sagacious Cur,” Bumper. Sylvan paintings include Wooded Landscape with a Flooded Road and Cornard Wood, the latter of which was known as this man’s “forest.” He painted the musicians Carl Friedrich Abel and Johann Christian Bach but may be better known for The Woodsman and a picture of Jonathan Buttal holding a feathered black hat and otherwise dressed in a different color. For 10 points, name this painter of The Blue Boy.ANSWER: Thomas Gainsborough<Kwartler>

3. A book on this man and his philosophy was written by R.J. Hollingdale, who also translated many of his works into English. The first of his posthumous publications was The Case of Wagner, which discussed his theory of the Dionysian and Apollonian. Another translator, Walter Kaufmann, rendered some of his titles as The Gay Science, Twilight of the Idols, and Ecce Homo. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote Beyond Good and Evil and Thus Spoke Zarathustra.ANSWER: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche<Yaphe>

4. Chauncey Goodrich played a prominent role in this event, and a sub-group was the radical Essex Junto led by George Cabot, who was skillfully restrained by Harrison Gray Otis. It proposed seven numbered amendments, the last of which was the president of the U.S. not be elected for more than one term and that there never be two consecutive presidents from the same state. For 10 points, the Federalists were tainted as traitors after what meeting, which protested the War of 1812 in a New England town?Answer: Hartford Convention<Westbrook>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

5. In 1939, he collaborated with Charles Brackett on the script for Ninotchka, in which “Garbo laughs!” Later in his writing career, he worked with I.A.L. Diamond on The Fortune Cookie and the 1955 version of Sabrina. As a director, he made Witness for the Prosecution and Stalag 17 as well as The Lost Weekend, The Apartment, and a movie in which Jack Lemmon and Tony Curtis dress as women to flee the mob. For 10 points, name this director of Double Indemnity, Sunset Boulevard, and Some Like It Hot.ANSWER: Billy Wilder<Pickrell>

6. The third term of this even function's Taylor series is five, or twenty-fourths times x to the fourth. Its hyperbolic is the ratio of 2 and the sum of e to the x and e to the negative x. Its derivative is equal to the product of itself and another trigonometric function while its integral is the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the sum of itself and the tangent function. It has no zeroes; its range excludes numbers between 1 and -1; and its y-intercept is 1. For 10 points, what is this trigonometric function that takes its name from a line segment that intersects a circle twice, the reciprocal of cosine?ANSWER: Secant<Romero>

7. His nonfiction was collected in This Quiet Dust while the pieces “Love Day” and “Shadrach” appear in the short story collection A Tidewater Morning. He was a founder of the Paris Review and wrote such works about military life as In the Clap Shack and The Long March. He found more success with a 1979 story about a Virginia writer’s relationship with a Polish Holocaust survivor and a chronicle of a slave revolt. For 10 points, identify this author of Sophie’s Choice and The Confessions of Nat Turner.ANSWER: William Styron<Berdichevsky>

8. It originally included Lepeaux, the leader of the Theophilanthropists, along with Rewbell and Carnot. It achieved such military successes as Hoche’s handling of the Revolt in the Vendee, and its members were selected by the Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients. Another member, Abbe Sieyes, conspired to overthrow it and replace it with the Consulate. For 10 points, identify this five-member body that ruled France from 1795 to 1799.ANSWER: The Directory<Mitchell>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

Bonuses

Arts: His operas include Antigone and Judith, while, for Ida Rubinstein, he wrote the staged oratorio Jeanne d’Arc au bûcher. For 15 points, name this member of Les Six who composed the oratorio Le Roi David and the orchestral works Rugby and Pacific 231.ANSWER: Arthur Honegger<Ismail>

Current Events: Its former governors William Wallace Barron and Arch Moore spent time in prison, and its House Ethics Committee representative, Alan Mollohan, is now under a corruption investigation. For 15 points, name this state whose junior Senator is Jay Rockefeller.ANSWER: West Virginia<Pickrell>

Geography: The Snowy Mountains, Australian Alps, and Grampian Mountains are part of it, as are the two highest points on the continent, Mount Kosciusko and Mount Townsend. For 15 points, name this range that separates the Murray-Darling and Pacific Ocean watersheds.ANSWER: Great Dividing Range [or Eastern Highlands]<Greenstein>

History: The Communist Party tried to bribe Victoria Price to change her testimony against this group, defended by Samuel Leibowitz. For 15 points, Powell v. Alabama overturned some convictions of what group of nine black youths falsely charged with rape?ANSWER: Scottsboro Boys<Douglass>

Literature: He wrote a satiric novel based on his time at Sarah Lawrence College, Pictures from an Institution. A poem by him ends with the line, “When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose.” For 15 points, who wrote “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner?”ANSWER: Randall Jarrell<Berdichevsky>

Popular Culture: It mentions “dreams of dragon fire” and advise that someone “sleep with one eye open” while gripping his pillow tight. For 15 points, name this song by Metallica from their Black Album which is played by the Yankees when Mariano Rivera enters a game.ANSWER: “Enter Sandman”<Yaphe>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

Religion/Mythology/Philosophy: An Eastern one is a ten week paschal cycle including Saint Gregory Palamas and The Blind Man. Others include Ash Wednesday, Shrove Tuesday, and Pentecost. For 15 points, give this designation for church holidays without fixed calendar dates.ANSWER: moveable feasts<Passner>

Mathematics Calculation: For 15 points, find all real roots of the equation √(x+57) = x + 1 [the square root of the quantity x plus fifty-seven equals x plus one].ANSWER: x = 7<Feist>

Science: Thanks to this law, the electric displacement field D and the magnetic field H are not considered fundamental. For 15 points, name this law which says that a charged particle moving in electric and magnetic fields feels a force given by the charge times the electric field plus the cross product of the particle’s velocity and the magnetic field.ANSWER: Lorentz force law<Reece>

Social Sciences: Paul Omerod created a new one in 1993 based on rates of change, while the original one was contradicted in the 1970s by stagflation. For 15 points, what is this diagram that shows an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment?ANSWER: Phillips Curve<Kwartler>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

Stretch Round

1. Home of the world’s longest aerial tramway and Microsoft’s original headquarters, it is bounded by its “Sunport” and Kirtland Air Force Base to the south, and the Sandia Mountains to the north and east. Celebrating its tricentennial in 2006, it is divided into quadrants by the former Route 66 and the Rio Grande. For 10 points, name this seat of Bernalillo County at the foot of the Manzano Mountains, which is the most populous city, and location of the flagship university, in New Mexico.ANSWER: Albuquerque<Ismail>

Bonus: Identify these wind-related terms for ten points each.[10] Originally created in the early 1800s, the Royal Navy made the recording of wind speeds according to this scale standard beginning in the 1830s.Answer: Beaufort wind force scale[10] Invented by John Thomas Romney Robinson, this device consists of four hemispherical cups and is used to measure wind speed.Answer: Anemometer[10] Usually the cause for issuing a small craft advisory, this category of wind corresponds to a speed of 32 to 63 miles per hour, and a Beaufort scale of 8.Answer: Gale<Chuck>

2. In one of this author’s stories, The Boss tortures an insect with an ink blotter after recalling his son’s death in World War I, and in another, Bertha Young cannot maintain the title emotion. In addition to “The Fly” and “Bliss,” this former cellist who broke into writing with In a German Pension wrote “Marriage a la Mode,” “At the Bay,” and a story about Laura Sheridan’s struggle with class distinctions. For 10 points, name this New Zealand-based author of The Garden Party.ANSWER: Katherine Mansfield<Bykowski>

Bonus: The title figure’s feet poke out of the blue garment that extends to her shoulders, and a column towards the right of the painting does not hold up anything. For 10 points each:[10] Angels gather to the left, a lone prophet is in the distance on the right, and a strikingly large baby Jesus is at the center of what 1534 painting?ANSWER: Madonna of the Long Neck [or Madonna del Collo Lungo][10] Madonna of the Long Neck was painted by this creator of The Legend of Diana and Actaeon and Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror.ANSWER: Parmagianino [or Parmigiano; or Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola; or Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzuoli][10] Madonna of the Long Neck is representative of this successor to the High Renaissance, a school which depicts turbulent emotion and unnaturally long limbs.ANSWER: mannerism [or manierismo]<Weiner>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

3. Ord, De Quervain and Hashimoto described ways that inflammation of this organ causes severe enlargement. Its namesake tyrosine-based hormone is produced in too-low levels by sufferers of a disorder once known as cretinism, and hyperactivity of this organ is the most common symptom of Graves’ disease, a severe form of which leads to its namesake “storm.” The C cells of this organ also produce a hormone that reduces calcium levels in the blood, calcitonin. For 10 points, name this gland in the neck that is dependent on iodine for regulation and the enlargement of which can lead to a goiter.ANSWER: Thyroid Gland<Kwartler>

Bonus: Identify these people whose names are associated with civil liberties, or the denial thereof, for 10 points each.[10] He published the New York Weekly Journal, which criticized governor William Cosby. His acquittal in a 1735 libel case helped establish the free press in America.ANSWER: John Peter Zenger[10] During World War II, this son of Japanese immigrants refused to leave his San Francisco home for a Japanese internment camp, taking his case to the Supreme Court.ANSWER: Fred Korematsu[10] This lawyer defended those arrested for protesting World War I, as well as the Sweet family, Leopold and Loeb, and John Scopes.ANSWER: Clarence Seward Darrow<Douglass>

4. Without a leading article, this is the title of a poem that offers poets the chance to “pass the straits and conquer the mountains” and “double the Cape of Good Hope to some purpose.” It exhorts the soul to “steer for the deep waters only” and to “farther, farther, farther sail.” With its leading article, it is the title of a novel centering on Cyril Fielding’s reaction to the ambiguous events between Adela Quested and Dr. Aziz. For 10 points, what is this almost-common title of a Walt Whitman poem and E.M. Forster novel?ANSWER: (A) Passage to India<Ismail>

Bonus: Name these figures of Israeli politics for 10 points each.[10] His plans to withdraw Israeli settlers from Gaza and the West Bank drew ire from the Likud party, causing him to found Kadima before becoming incapacitated by strokes. ANSWER: Ariel Sharon[10] He was unseated as prime minister by Ehud Barak in 1999 and has led the hardline remainder in the Likud party since Sharon’s departure.ANSWER: Benjamin Netanyahu [or Binyamin Netanyahu][10] A former mayor of Jerusalem, he became acting prime minister after Sharon’s hospitalization and was chosen to continue in the office in March 2006 elections.ANSWER: Ehud Olmert<Southard>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

5. One side achieved a costly victory by charging against prepared positions at Spicheren and Gravelotte-St. Privat. By the end of its third month, Charles Frossard and Friederich von Steinmetz were fired and replaced by Achille Bazaine and Helmuth von Moltke, and the emperors of both nations rode into battle, leading to the capture of one at Sedan. For 10 points, name this war between Wilhelm II and Napoleon III.ANSWER: Franco-Prussian War<Kendall>

Bonus: Name these children of Echidna, for 10 points each.[10] The body of a female goat, the head of a lion, and the tail of a dragon united to form this creature, killed by Bellerophon.ANSWER: Chimera[10] This hundred-headed dragon watches the garden of the Hesperides.ANSWER: Ladon[10] Living near Lerna, this creature was killed by Heracles with the aid of Iolaus, who used a torch to cauterize its wounds.ANSWER: hydra<Southard>

6. It joins with copper to form a common algaecide, and when joined with titanium it forms a dye-stripper and reducing agent. With uranium, it forms radioactive yellow crystals, and with barium it forms a compound used in scans of the digestive tract. With magnesium it forms Epsom salts, and with calcium, it forms gypsum. Its four oxygens are bonded tetrahedrally to another atom from group 16. For 10 points, name this common polyatomic anion with charge minus two and formula SO4.ANSWER: sulfate [accept early SO4]<Dhuwalia>

Bonus: Identify these explorers, for 10 points each.[10] This Dutch explorer circumnavigated Australia and discovered that it did not touch a polar region. He tried to name an island he discovered Van Diemen’s Land.ANSWER: Abel Tasman[10] This Danish explorer wrecked onto his namesake island, which he mistook for the coast of Kamchatka, and died there in 1741.ANSWER: Vitus Bering[10] He explored Quebec along the St. Lawrence River beginning in 1534, visiting the future sites of Quebec City and Montreal.ANSWER: Jacques Cartier<Douglass>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

7. In this country, a tour with television comedian Jiri Krampol was quietly dropped from the Social Democrats’ general election campaign after the prime minister was seen smiling at Krampol’s jokes about the country’s Roma minority. That prime minister has challenged his Civic Democratic party rival Mirek Topolanek to a debate by delivering pistols and swords by carriage. For 10 points, Jiri Paroubek and president Vaclav Klaus lead what country, which separated from its eastern neighbor in 1993?ANSWER: Czech Republic [or Ceska Republika; do not accept Czechoslovakia]<Chuck>

Bonus: Name these novels by John Steinbeck, for 10 points each.[10] Taking place in the namesake neighborhood of Monterrey, it discusses Big Joe Portagee, Jesus Maria Corcoran, Danny, and other “paisanos.”ANSWER: Tortilla Flat[10] George and Lennie meet disaster working on a barley farm, as do a puppy and Curley’s wife.ANSWER: Of Mice and Men[10] Cathy Ames leaves Adam Trask after the birth of Caleb and Aron.ANSWER: East of Eden<Luo>

8. He used Keats’s “Hyperion” for his Young Apollo and worked with John Cranko on his ballet The Prince of the Pagodas. Maupassant’s Le rosier de Madame Husson inspired his opera Albert Herring, and he also wrote an opera about an American folk hero, a choral work featuring poems of Wilfred Owen, a didactic piece based on a theme by Henry Purcell, and an adaptation of a Herman Melville novella. For 10 points, name this composer of Paul Bunyan, War Requiem, the Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, and Billy Budd.ANSWER: Benjamin Britten<Kwartler>

Bonus: Name the originators of some scientific phrases, for 10 points each.[10] This German zoologist noted that the human embryo, at different stages of growth, looked like "lower" animals. This led him to coin the phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny."ANSWER: Ernst Haeckel[10] This physicist's insistence that "God does not play dice with the universe" summed up his view that the state of the universe was deterministic rather than stochastic.ANSWER: Albert Einstein[10] An apocryphal tale about this man is that he stated "...and yet it still moves" after the trial in which Catholic Church forced him to recant his heliocentric theory.ANSWER: Galileo Galilei<Wolpert>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7

9. Umasvati is the author of a scripture in this religion called the Tatvartha. It is split into two schools, one of which believes that this religion’s founder, a tirthinkara, was divine, women cannot be liberated, and all clothing is impermissible. The Digambaras and Svetambaras are members of, for 10 points, what vegetarian sect that practices ahimsa, a pacifistic Indian religion founded by Mahavira?ANSWER: Jainism [or Jain Dharma]<Beyer>

Bonus: Name these bodies of water in Atlantic Canada for 10 points each.[10] This bay’s two main inlets are Chignecto Bay and the Minas Basin. Surrounded by Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Gulf of Maine, it is known for its massive tides.ANSWER: Bay of Fundy[10] A ferry between Wood Islands and Pictou and the Confederation Bridge cross this strait that separates the mainland of Canada from Prince Edward Island.ANSWER: Northumberland Strait[10] It forms two hundred miles of the border between Maine and New Brunswick, then flows through Fredericton and the Reversing Falls Rapids in its eponymous city.ANSWER: Saint John River<Greenstein>

10. This house ascended to the throne from a principality expanded by Ernest Augustus due to inheritance through Sophia of the Palatinate. The third king of this dynasty detested his son for secretly marrying the Catholic Maria Fizherbert and had the marriage annulled, though that son would have revenge of sorts by assuming control under the Regency Act when that father went insane. For 10 points, name this English royal house that included such monarchs as the “Sailor King” William IV, Victoria, and four Georges in a row.ANSWER: Hanoverians<Kendall>

Bonus: Name the Shakespeare poems in which these events occur for 10 points each.[10] The Roman goddess of love tries to win the love of a young mortal. He rejects her and is killed by a boar while hunting.ANSWER: “Venus and Adonis”[10] Tarquin, the king’s son, commits the title atrocity. The victim tells her husband and friends to avenge her honor before she commits suicide.ANSWER: “The Rape of Lucrece”[10] The death of two birds is used to describe and praise true love.ANSWER: “The Phoenix and the Turtle”<Bykowski>

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 7