Water supply And fittings

Presentation by:

Chitra

Faizan

Monauwwar

Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities,commercial organisations, community endeavours or

by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and

pipes. Irrigation is covered separately.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY

PLUMBING (INLET)

DRAINAGE (OUTLET)

Various types of pipes used

Metallic pipes - CI Pipes (Cast Iron Pipes), Steel Pipes, GI Pipes (Galvanised Iron Pipes)

Cement Pipes - Cement Pipes, Asbestos Cement Pipes (AC Pipes)

Plastic Pipes - Un-plasticised Pipes PVC (UPVC) Pipes, Polythene Pipes(low density pipe)

A fitting is used in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing

sections. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of

water, gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments.

Plumbing fittings have different shapes which allow rigid straight pipe to

change both direction and diameter.

Fittings are offered with two basic connection types: fittings receiving pipeand fittings that are inserted into a hub.

A fitting design known as a street fitting has one end that receives pipe andone end that is the same connection type as the pipe.

Not all material types or fitting designs are offered in a street-fitting design.

Various Fitting Designs

Tees• A fitting having three connections used for pressure systems is known as a tee.• Allow for branch lines.• In these fittings the intersection is slightly curved in order to avoid clogs,

Gradual bends are best for smooth flow of waste.

Couplings

• A coupling is also known as a sleeve and connects two equal-sized pipe ends

to form one continuous pipe.

Reducers• Used to join pipe of different diameters.• All reducers make a gradual transition between different diameters of pipe

and therefore they take up considerable space.

Bushings• Used to make the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller.• They differ from reducers in that they make abrupt changes in diameter and

take very little space.

Adaptor fittings

• Used to change the end of a non-threaded pipe to male or female threads as needed.

• Adaptors are commonly used in copper and plastic plumbing jobs.• Male adaptors and female adaptors are both common.

Unions

Used to join pieces of pipe where pipes cannot be turned or when a piece ofequipment may have to be removed for maintenance or replacement

Elbows

• Used to change the angle or direction of the pipe run.• The most common elbows come in 90 degrees and 45 degrees turns.

- The sweep of the fitting describes how fast a transition or change indirection is made.

Drainage Waste and Vents

Drainage waste and vent represents the combined drainage and ventsystems.

Fittings in the installation of a DWV system are designed to allow wastewaterand sewage to flow with little resistance out of a drainage system by gravity.

Material Abbreviation Residential Use

DWV Polyvinyl Chloride DWV PVC Extensively throughout

USA

DWV Acrylonitrile Butadiene

Styrene

DWV ABS Some states in USA

No-hub Cast Iron NHCI Vertical stacks for noise

control

Service Weight Cast Iron SVCI Rarely

Galvanized Galv. Rarely

DWV Copper Type DWV Rarely

Wye

A wye has three connections and is named based on its similarity to the letterY.

The side outlet connection is known as a branch.

The 45 branch creates a direction of flow to eliminate disturbance ofwastewater within a DWV piping system.

Combo Combo is a trade name for a three-sided fitting that creates a long radius 90

branch (side inlet) that is perpendicular to the run.

Manufactured to eliminate having to create a single fitting by combining awye and 45.

A combo is used extensively in the drainage system with the branch and run inthe vertical or horizontal positions.

Twin Elbow

A twin elbow has the same flow pattern as a sanitary tee, sanitary cross, and a standard 90 elbow.

Its name is derived from being two 90 fittings uniquely manufactured to connect back-to-back fixtures in a confined space.

Test Tee Cannot receive discharge from the drain.

Used to provide access for cleaning and is often referred to as the cleanouttee.

A test tee has three connections.

A valve is a device that regulates,directs or controls the flow of afluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids,or slurries) by opening, closing, orpartially obstructing variouspassageways.In an open valve, fluid flows in adirection from higher pressure tolower pressure. It is a fittingcommonly used to control theflow.

VALVE

1. Body

2. Ports

3. Seats

4. Stem

5. Disc when valve is open

6. Handle or hand-wheel when valveis open

7. Bonnet

8. Packing

9. Gland nut

10.Fluid flow when valve is open

11.Position of disc if valve were shut

12.Position of handle or hand-wheel ifvalve were shut

GATE VALVE

• A gate valve is a valve

situated between the point of

connection and the rest of

plumbing system.

• It usually remains wide open,

but can be shut down in case

of repairs or additions have to

be made to the system.

• A gate valve is not designed

to be opened and closed ona regular basis.

GLOBE VALVE

• A globe valve different from ball

valve is a type of valve used for

regulating flow in a pipeline,

consisting of a movable disk-

type element and a stationary

ring seat in a

generally spherical body.

BALL COCK VALVE

A traditional gravity toilet tank

The handle is pressed and

the flush cycle begins.

The flapper has closed, and the

tank refills within seconds.

1. float, 2. fill valve, 3. lift arm, 4. tank fill tube, 5. bowl fill tube, 6. flush valve flapper,

7. overflow tube, 8. flush handle, 9. chain, 10. fill line, 11. fill valve shaft, 12. flush tube

A ballcock (also ball-tap or float valve) is a mechanism or machine for filling water tanks, such as those found in flush toilets, while avoiding overflow and (in the event of low water pressure) backflow.

SUMMARY

Most fittings are manufactured with the same material as the connectingpipe.

Brass fittings can be interchangeable with numerous piping materials.

Threaded fittings can be used to connect different material types.

Dissimilar metal connections can cause corrosion and must be protectedagainst electrolysis.

DWV fittings are not designed for use with pressure piping systems.

Water piping fittings have more compact design than DWV fittings.

A male adapter has external threads and a female adapter has internalthreads.

A street fitting design has one end that is the same outside diameter as theconnecting pipe

A fitting socket is also known as the hub.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.Wikipedia.org

• www.jdvalves.com

• www.wisegeek.org

• www.slideshare.com