April 20, 2023

Sanitary SurveysACFIN WASH Workshop

2009October 26th, 2009

Pierre-Yves Rochat, WASH Advisor, ACF-France

April 20, 2023 2

Reminder (1): What is a sanitary survey?

10-12 questions (Yes or No) addressing the sanitary-risk factors Example: assessment of risk of contamination of a hand-dug well

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Reminder (2): How is the sanitary risk established?

Each risk receives equal weighting:• Yes = 1• No = 0

Establish the “sanitary risk score” Define risk categories Example:

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Reminder (3): What it is used for?

To assess the likely quality of water Example:

— Open well, well/borehole with hand pump or motorised pump system

— Protected spring— Piped supply

pp 682-685

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When can it be used? (1) Instead of bacteriological water analysis

But no or poor evidence of a correlation between E. coli content & Risk score !

Assessment Target water points/beneficiaries in relation to

the sanitary risk Example: Cholera in Zimbabwe, a project in Sierra

Leone 2 years later…

Risk analysis

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Nu

mb

er o

f w

ells

Series1 2 10 7 0

No action Low action Higher action Urgent Action

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When can it be used? (2) Evaluation or impact indicator

Measure the impact of an activity/result/objective (write it in the LFA!)

Example: Water management at HH level in Nepal

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 - 3 GOOD 4 - 7 BAD 8 - 10 VERY BAD

SCORE OF RISK

% V

ISIT

ED

HH

BASELINE FINAL

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What else can be done? (1) Use the sanitary survey format to make your own form!

Example 1: Risk of contamination in case of floods in Mongolia

Questions Yes No Weight of the answerEvidence of open defecation in Asha? 2 pts if YesPresence of faeces disposal in Asha? 2 pts if NoDo the faeces disposal seem to be used? 2 pts if NoWas the faeces disposal overflowed during the last flooding? 10 pts if YesAre there Flies around the faeces disposal? 1 pt if YesCan the Faeces be in contact with the water table? (water in the pit?) 10 pts if YesIs there a used water source within 30m ? (spring, river…) 10 pts if YesIs the faeces disposal dirty? (presence of cheat) 1 pt if YesCan the faeces disposal be used during the winter? 2 pts if NoCould the floor be dangerous ? (old…) 1 pt if Yes

Notation of the risk in case of flood? Low/average/High Low Average High

Score: -

0 to 2 Risk of contamination at the family level2 to 5 Risk of ground water contamination5 to 8 Risk of water point contamination

8 to 10 Very High Risk of contamination (ground water, water point, direct)

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What else can be done? (2) Use the sanitary survey format to make your own survey!

Example 2: PDM of ceramic filters in Haiti 3 months after distribution, 80.6% of the beneficiaries

use their filters in a “safe manner” (8 or 9 or 10 x YES)

1. Filtre toujours en usage au jour d’aujourd’hui (eau dans le filtre) Oui / Non

2. Ensemble filtre / récipient couvert (couvercle d’origine bien en place) Oui / Non

3. Ensemble filtre / Récipient placé sur un support (table ou étagère) Oui / Non

4. Ensemble filtre / Récipient placé à l’intérieur de la maison Oui / Non

5. Ensemble Filtre / Récipient avec 2 bougies correctement montées Oui / Non

6. Robinet fonctionnel Oui / Non

7. 2 Bougies propres Oui / Non

8. 2 Bougies intactes (cassure, fêlure…) Oui / Non

9. Récipients et couvercle intacts (cassure, fêlure…) Oui / Non

10. Propreté satisfaisante des récipients et du couvercle Oui / Non

April 20, 2023 9

A great tool!

+ -Quick & easy

Needs to be tested & surveyors need training

Impact indicatorCorrelation with E.Coli content

needs to be established ( research?)

From assessment to monitoring & evaluation

Not used much within ACF WASH programs

Sanitary surveys need to be developed &

experiences shared!

Can be used by local authorities as well

Can be used both in emergency and post-crisis contexts

Is not “restricted” to water points but can be used more broadly (HH, latrines, PDM,

etc.)