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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Chapter 5 Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter, students will be able to:Understand the importance of scope management for
project success.Understand the significance of developing a scope
statement.Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a
project.Describe the roles of changes and configuration
management in assessing project scope.
05-02
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Project Scope
Project scope is everything about a project – work content as well as expected outcomes.
Scope management is the function of controlling a project in terms of its goals and objectives and consists of:
1) Conceptual development 4) Scope reporting2) Scope statement 5) Control
systems3) Work authorization 6) Project closeout
05-03
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Conceptual DevelopmentThe process that addresses project
objectives by finding the best ways to meet them.
Key steps in information development:Problem/need statementInformation gatheringConstraintsAlternative analysisProject objectives
05-04
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Problem StatementsSuccessful conceptual development
requires:
Reduction of overall project complexity
Goals and objects are clearly statedReference points are provided
Complete understanding of the problem 05-05
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Statement of Work (SOW)A SOW is a detailed narrative description of
the work required for a project.
Effective SOWs contain1. Introduction and background2. Technical description3. Timeline and milestones4. Client expectations
05-06
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Statement of Work ComponentsBackgroundObjectivesScopeTask or RequirementsSelection CriteriaDeliverables or Delivery ScheduleSecurityPlace of PerformancePeriod of Performance
05-07
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Scope Statement Process1. Establish the project goal criteria
a) costb) schedulec) performanced) deliverablese) review and approval gates
2. Develop the management plan for the project
3. Establish a work breakdown structure4. Create a scope baseline
05-08
05-9
Goal Setting With and Without Work Breakdown Structures (WBS)
Figure 5.2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)A process that sets a project’s scope by breaking
down its overall mission into a cohesive set of synchronous, increasingly specific tasks.
What does WBS accomplish?Echoes project objectivesOffers a logical structureEstablishes a method of controlCommunicates project statusImproves communicationDemonstrates control structure
05-10
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Work Breakdown Structure and Codes
Work Packages are individual project activities
1.0
1.2 1.3 1.4
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.2.3.1
1.2.3.2
Deliverables are major project components
Sub-deliverables are supporting deliverables
The project is the overall project under development
05-11
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Sample WBS in MS Project 2010
05-12Figure 5.7
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Defining a Work PackageLowest level in WBS
Deliverable result
One owner
Miniature projects
Milestones
Fits organization
Trackable
05-13
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Organizational Breakdown StructureOrganizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
allowsWork definitionOwner assignment of work packagesBudget assignment to departments
OBS links cost, activity & responsibility
05-14
Intersection of the WBS and OBS
05-15Figure 5.8Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Cost Account Rollup Using OBS
05-16Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure 5.10
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Responsibility Assignment Matrix
05-17Figure 5.11
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Defining a Project Work Package1. Work package forms lowest level in WBS.2. Work package has a deliverable result.3. Work package has one owner.4. Work package may be considered by its owner
as a project in itself.5. A work package may include several milestones.6. A work package should fit organizational
procedures and culture.7. The optimal size of a work package may be
expressed in terms on labor hours, calendar time, cost, reporting period, and risks.
05-18
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Work Authorization
The formal “go ahead” to begin work
Follows the scope management steps of:1. scope definition2. planning documents3. management plans4. contractual documents
05-19
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Contractual DocumentationMost contracts contain:
RequirementsValid considerationContracted terms
Contracts range from:
Lump Sum Cost Plusalso called “Turnkey”
05-20
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Scope Reporting
determines what types of information reported, who receives copies, when, and how information is acquired and disseminated.
Typical project reports contain1. Cost status2. Schedule status3. Technical performance
05-21
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Reasons Why Projects FailPoliticsNaïve promisesNaïve optimism of youthStartup mentality of fledging entrepreneurial
companies“Marine Corps” mentalityIntensive competition caused by globalizationIntense competition caused by appearance of new
technologiesIntense pressure caused by unexpected government
regulationsUnexpected and/or unplanned crises
05-22
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Types of Control Systems
o Configuration
o Design
o Trend monitoring
o Document
o Acquisition
o Specification
05-23
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Project Closeout
The job is not over until the paperwork is done…
Closeout documentation is used to:Resolve disputesTrain project managersFacilitate auditing
Closeout documentation includes:Historical recordsPost project analysisFinancial closeout
05-24
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Summary1. Understand the importance of scope
management for project success.2. Understand the significance of developing a
scope statement.3. Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a
project.4. Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix
for a project.5. Describe the roles of changes and
configuration management in assessing project scope.
05-25