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September 17th • 5 minutes to review for your quiz!• • NO WARM-UP!
• Write homework in agenda- Read pages 16-21, takes notes and process
• Please BRING ME YOUR QUIZ UPON COMPLETION!
Agenda
• Essential Questions• Map Activity• Vocabulary Activity• Egypt and Sumer Notes• Pyramids Video• Hammurabi’s Code
Essential Questions
1. What are the four river valley civilizations?
2. What form of writing was used in Egypt?
3. What was the main difference between the rulers of Egypt and Sumer?
4. What were two Sumerian inventions?5. Why did Egyptians practice
mummification and build pyramids?
Warm-Up
• On a sheet of paper list and explain the 5 major features of a civilization
• Please take out your homework for Miss Smith to check
Location/Geography
Sumer• between Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers• plain area called Mesopotamia• unpredictable floods• limited natural resources
Ancient Egypt• along great Nile
River• called “Gift of
the Nile”• cataracts =
rapids• delta: broad,
marshy triangular area
with deposits of soil
Religion
• polytheistic: many gods, about 3,000
• gods were all powerful
and immortal, humans were servants
• souls of dead went to “land of no return”
• kings were gods• pharaohs: god-
kings• polytheistic:
about 2,000• Ra = sun• Iris = ideal
mother/wife• Osiris = chose
afterlife
Writing• Epic of
Gilgamesh• epic myth about
unsuccessful quest for immortality
• crude pictographs• hieroglyphics
(sacred carvings)• wrote on dried
papyrus
Government/Law• city-states: each
city and the surrounding land it controlled
• ziggurats at the center, where priests appealed to gods for well-being
• warriors had control of armies
• dynasties: when rules were from one family
• divided into Upper and Lower Egypt
• Menes united in 3000 B.C.E.
• theocracy: ruler is a divine figure
• pharaohs promoted truth and justices
Science/Technology
• invented wheel, sail, and plow
• first to use bronze
• first system of writing:
cuneiform• arches, number
system base 60, geometry
• creation of pyramids from limestone/granite
• Mummification (to preserve the dead)
• written numbers• medicine and
surgery
Social Classes
• priests/kings were highest, then
merchants, workers,
slaves lowest• women had
some rights, not education
• royal families were highest, then government officials, priest and commanders
• below them were the merchants/artisans, and the unskilled laborers
• women equal to men
Categorization Strategies
• When comparing and contrasting, consider using a few of these categories to help organize your essay and provide a solid comparison.
• Political• Economic• Social• Cultural• Intellectua
l• Religious• Geographi
c
Example Outlines
• Egypt and Sumer are similar politically, but more different in social and cultural ways.– Political similarities– Social differences– Cultural
differences
• Egypt and Sumer are different religiously, but more similar with respect to their geography and economy.– Religious differences– Geographic
similarities– Economic
similarities
Essay Scoring Rubric• Topic sentence – introduces the
category or point; could be directly from introduction paragraph
• Clincher sentence – sums up what you just said and is the main point to take away from that paragraph
• Interpretive Commentary – analysis of your evidence and claim