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largely nitrogenous, and much fluid was drunk. Dr. Allbuttremarked that cases for this treatment must be very care-fully selected, as it would probably prove rapidly fatal tocases of aortic regurgitation or atrophic conditions of heart.-Dr. CHURTON thought that in some of these cases there wasa contracted condition of the pulmonary arterioles, caused byimpurity of blood, which would be overcome by the freee’iimination produced by exercise.-Dr. C. S. SMITH referredto a recent paper, in which he had put forth views similarto those advocated by the speaker.-Dr. BARRS thoughtthat in the class of patients generally seen in hospitalpractice the usual treatment by rest and drugs was compara-tively satisfactory.

Pasteur’s Inoculations.-Dr. C. M. CHADWICK read a paperon M. Pasteur’s Treatment for the Prevention of Hydro-phobia. Having recently visited Paris with a view offorming an opinion on the subject, he shortly reviewedM. Pasteur’s previous work, and proceeded to follow hisinvestigations from his first case in 1880, when he dis-covered the presence of a microbe in the saliva (probablyonly an attendant on the virus, and not the true virus ofrabies) and its rapidly fatal effects. Passing then to theinoculation from dog to dog under the skin, he showed howM. Pasteur expedited the process by direct inoculation underthe dura mater. The uncertainty, however, of the resultsled to the passing of the virus through a series of rabbits,with the effect that the length of the inoculation period wasmuch reduced. The different results obtained in dry airfrom those in a moist atmosphere of carbonic acid were thenexplained, several of the cases having been detailed at somelength and commented upon. He advanced the three theoriesas to the rationale of the treatment-viz., the diminishing ofthe virulence, the lessening of the quantity of the virus,and finally, what appears most likely to M. Pasteur, theprobable growth of some material antagonistic to theproper development of the primary virus. Having detailedthe daily processes at the laboratory both for the keeping ofthe supply and the method of treatment adopted, heeulogised the excellent work and marvellous modesty of thediscoverer of the process.-Mr. WHEELHOUSE pointed out thatthe cases sent to M. Pasteur from Bradford had all passed theusual incubation period of hydrophobia, as shown by onehaving proved fatal.--Mr. LODGE gave some particulars asto the recent Bradford cases. Thirteen persons were bittenon that day, but it was uncertain whether more than sixwere by the rabid dog. The usual post-mortem appearanceswere found in the dog’s body, such as foreign matter in thestomach, though there was nothing known absolutely patho-gnomonic of rabies.-Mr. licGzLL pointed out the small butunknown proportion of cases of hydrophobia occurringamong persons bitten by rabid animals as leading tofallacies in drawing conclusions as to the process.The discussion was adjourned.

SHEFFIELD MEDICO - CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.

A MEETING of the above Society was held on March llth,Mr. R. J. Pye-Smith, President, in the chair.

Fœtal Monster.-Dr. ALFRED ROBINSON showed a speci-men of a Sycephalic Monster-subvariety " Miops."

Cholesterine in -Retina.-ilir. SNELL introduced a boy, agedten, with Cholesterine in the Retina. He had been observedto be blind at two years of age. Now there was detachedretina, which was much thickened at all parts, but especiallyso at the nasal side (right eye), where the glisteningcholesterine plates were detected even by the naked eye,and were rendered very distinct with focal illumination onthe mirror. The plates were clearly fixed in the retina,which appeared a littly wavy at parts. Mr. Snell remarkedon the unusual condition, and said that cholesterine hadbeen found in most parts of the eye.

Large Urinary Calculus.-Mr. THORPE exhibited a largeMulberry Calculus removed by lithotomy. It weighed fourounces and a half and measured two inches and a half indiameter. The patient was aged sixty-five, and died fivedays after operation. Great difficulty was experienced inthe removal of the calculus, and some unavoidable injuryresulted to the soft parts.

Carbolic Acid Poisoning (?) treated by Cocaizze.-Mr. W.D. JAMES related this case, occurring in a man aged thirty-five. On the evening of Nov. 19th he took a dose of carbolicacid instead of the mixture ordered. He does not appear to

have swallowed any. Lips blistered; buccal and pharyngealmembranes looked coated with milk; pupils dilated; pulseuncountable, partly attributed to fear. Intense pain onswallowing. Administered oil; ordered eggs and milk, apoultice to throat, and ice to be sucked. Next day no sleep;pain worse. On the 21st the area of pain had extended allover the chest; voice hoarse, and laryngeal pain with eachbreath. Harsh, dry respiration in larger bronchi. Tempera-ture 102.3°. At night the pain was intolerable; voicealmost entirely gone. He was ordered one-sixteenth of agrain of hydrochlorate of cocaine in water every three hours;ice and poultice continued. Next day the patient was up,and on the 24th medical attendance ceased.

Perforating Ulcer of Foot.-Mr. C. ATKIN read a paper onthis subject, and drew attention to the peculiar deformityof the toes met with in some instances.

A meeting was held on March 25th, when the followingspecimens were exhibited.S’arcoma of Cervical Vertebræ.—Mr. W. W. BANHAM showed

a specimen of Sarcoma originating in the bodies of the thirdand fourth Cervical Vertebrae, infiltrating and softening thebone, and so compressing the cord.

Cystic Disease of Kidney.—Mr. BANHAM also exhibitedthis specimen of surgical kidney, in which a number ofcysts had developed. The cysts were filled with cheesymatter. The case was one of bladder mischief, and the wallswere found much thickened; there was a sinus in the ischio-rectal region, and the bladder was perforated in the posteriorwall and led to a cavity in the perineum.Rupture of Intestine.—Mr. LOCKWOOD exhibited this speci-

men from a lad, who had been kicked in the abdomen on theevening of March 20th. He was admitted into the publichospital under the care of Dr. Keeling; he was sick andcomplained of pain after the accident. The next morning hewas twice sick; the abdominal pain was increased; therewas no external sign of injury; he died at 4.30. At thenecropsy there were signs of recent peritonitis, and a rupturein the gut about the junction of the jejunum and ileum.

Constricted Intestine with Rupture.—Mr. LOCKWOOD alsoshowed this specimen from a patient of Dr. Keeling’s. Hehad been operated upon for strangulated hernia. Theintestine was ruptured.Mr. KiLHAM exhibited a specimen of Ruptured Aorta

from a man aged thirty, a tramp, who fell suddenly deadwhilst scrubbing the floor; and a specimen of Diverticulumof Ileum from a man aged fifty-eight, who died of cancer ofthe liver. It was situated about a foot from the ileo-esecalvalve, and projected from the lower border of the ileum.Mr. C. F. COOMBE exhibited specimens of (1) Fatty

Kidney; (2) Cirrhotic Kidney, Haemorrhage into Pons;(3) Tubercular Kidney, Caseous Degeneration.The Present Position of Therapeutics.—Dr. HUNT, after a

brief retrospect of the history of therapeutics, went on toshow that medicine was influenced by fashion, which arosefrom certain remedies being associated with certain diseases.Another influence that was brought to bear on medicine waspublic opinion. He thought that experimental research hadnot been successful in establishing therapeutics on a truescientific basis, and that the principle of arguing from a phy-siological condition to a morbid one was not sound, and didnot in practice correspond with theory. It was further shownthat medicinal agents can never be called curative, theironly use being to treat symptoms. Another character ofmodern therapeutics was its approach to surgery and theinfluence surgery had brought to bear on the medical art.Dr. Hunt mentioned the value of certain recent drugs incertain morbid conditions, and concluded by giving hisopinion on the relation that should exist between the medicalman and the public. -

At the meeting on April 8th,Mr. JEFFREYS exhibited a large Biliary Calculus the size of

a pigeon’s egg, passed per anum.Mr. GARRARD exhibited a Breast removed for Cancer.Popliteal Aneurysm.- Dr. KEELING introduced a patient,

aged thirty-two, for whom he had ligatured the femoralartery for Popliteal Aneurysm, with most satisfactoryresult. Flexing the limb and the application of a tourniquethad been tried at first without benefit. The artery wastied with a catgut ligature and antiseptic precautions wereadopted. The patient, who was the subject of cardiac

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disease, made an uninterruptedly good recovery.-Remarkswere made by the President and Mr. Garrard.Perforating Ulcer of Stomach.-Dr. BARTOLOMÉ related

particulars of a case in which death resulted from PerforatingUlcer of the Stomach. The patient had been suddenly seizedwith severe abdominal pain, after partaking of a hearty tea,death resulting in twenty hours. For some time previouslyshe had complained of pain below the ensiform cartilage, butthe symptoms, Dr. Bartolomé said, were not characteristicof gastric ulcer. The specimens were exhibited, showing alarge perforation in the posterior wall of the stomach.Malignant Disease of tlae Throat; Laryngotomy ; Pyægnia;

Pneumonia; Death.—Mr. KILHAM related this case. The

patient was a man aged fifty-three ; he was admitted into theWorkhouse Hospital on January 16th with extensive cancerof the soft palate, uvula, both sides of thefauces, and the baseof the tongue, and large swellings at the angles of the jawof about six months’ duration. Laryngotomy was performedfor urgent dyspnœa on Jan. 22nd. On Feb. 2nd the rightshoulder became painful, with effusion, and on the 4th theleft was affected. On Feb. 7th pneumonia set in, andhe died on the 10th. At the post-mortem examinationa large abscess was found under the right sterno-mastoid;both shoulder-joints contained pus; the submaxillary glandswere indurated, and the malignant disease had extended tothe epiglottis.Fever.-Mr. BROWNING read an interesting paper upon

this subject. He commenced with a brief review ofthe views held by Cullen, Watson, Addison, and Alison.Sir Wm. Jenner was the first to fully differentiate thevarious characteristics of typhus and typhoid. Admittingthat, in typical cases of these two forms of fever, there isbut little difficulty in making a differential diagnosis, yetthe author of the paper claimed that there are numbers ofcases in which the characteristics of each are not so clearlymarked, and in which a diagnosis is a matter of considerabledifficulty. Mr. Browning put two questions to the meeting.First, is it possible to have typhus fever without a rash ofany kind ; and, if so, does it frequently happen ? Secondly,Is there any specific form of fever known as typhoid whichis not enteric-i.e., with Peyer’s patches unaffected ? To thefirst of these questions, as the result of his own personal ex-perience, he was inclined to answer in the affirmative. Hebelieved he had seen cases in which all the well-markedfeatures of typhus have been present, except the rash. Tothe second question he did not feel in a position to makeany definite reply.

MIDLAND MEDICAL SOCIETY.

A MEETING of this Society was held on Wednesday,March 17th, Mr. Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., in the chair.Mr. JORDAN LLOYD showed a boy who had had well-

marked symptoms of an Abscess in the lower end of theTibia. The bone was trephined and a small collection of pusevacuated, from which time the symptoms rapidly subsided.Mr. EDWARD FREER exhibited a Divided Plaster Jacket

for Spinal Curvature.Dr. CARTER read a commentary on a case of Enteric

Fever.Transfusion Apparatus.—Mr. LAWSON TAIT showed the

apparatus used by Professor Annandale of Edinbugh intransfusion, and read the following account of the opera-tion. 1. The vein having been selected and exposed, a

double catgut ligature is passed around it; the vein atthe lower part of the wound is then securely liga-tured. An opening is next made in the vein and the glassnozzle inserted, pressure being kept up on the india-rubber tube. The other ligature is now tied with a singleknot around the vein and nozzle, and the ends held byan assistant. 2. The giver of the blood is meanwhilebled into the glass measure containing two ounces of thephosphate of soda solution; this will require six ouncesof blood. This vessel must be kept at a temperatureof about 100° by means of hot water in a basin, and theblood and solution stirred carefully with a glass rod duringthe remainder of the operation. 3. The glass syringe is nowfilled with the mixture of blood and solution, care beingtaken to expel all the air. The syringe is next inserted intothe small piece of indiarubber tubing, from which pressurecan now be removed and the blood very slowly injected. IThe syringe must be kept warm by means of hot flannel I

cloths. The point of the syringe should be directed down-wards to avoid the entrance of air into the vein. When thesyringe is emptied, pressure is again made on the tubing andthe syringe refilled as before. After all the blood is injectedthe glass nozzle is removed from the vein, the ligature atthe same time being tightened and secured. The wound inthe skin is then stitched up. The time occupied in injectingthe eight ounces of the mixture (about three syringefuls)should be about twenty minutes. The phosphate of sodasolution consists of one ounce of phosphate of soda to twentyounces of distilled water. This solution should be freshly pre-pared, and one part mixed with three parts of blood. All theapparatus should be carefully washed with distilled water.Azoturia.-Dr. SUCKLING showed a specimen of urine

passed by a man aged forty-seven, who complained ofinsomnia and restlessness. The urine was acid, sp. gr. 1030.A copious deposit of nitrate of urea was at once throwndown on adding nitric acid, and the percentage of urea bySquibbs’s process was 3’4. The average daily quantity ofurine was forty-four ounces. The patient was ordered milkand farinaceous food; immediate relief followed.

Dr. SUCKLING also showed a well-marked case of Post-hemiplegic Tremor.

WEST KENT MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.

A MEETING of the above Society was held on Friday,April 2nd, R. E. Carrington, M.D., President, in the chair.

S’tricture of the Ui-ethra.-Mr. JOHNSON SMITH, F.R.C.S.,read a paper on Stricture of the Urethra. He dealt with thevarious methods of treating the stricture by dilatation, andadvocated gradual continuous dilatation. He laid great stresson the utility of a hot bath and the internal exhibition ofopium before attempting to pass an instrument in caseswhere great difficulty might be expected. A good discussionfollowed, in which the President, Dr. Purvis, Mr. Lockhart,Mr. Moore, Dr. Moon, Mr. J. P. Purvis, Dr. Johnston, andDr. Ernest Clarke took part.Pa7-oxysmal Hæmoglobinuria. - Dr. ERNEST CzARgE

showed the urine of a patient under his care in the MillerHospital. The patient was thirty-five, married, had suffereda great deal from rheumatism, and was admitted into thehospital to have some adhesions in the elbow-joint brokendown. While in the hospital she had two attacks of hæmo-globinuria, there being a week’s interval between each. Theattack consisted of a rigor, during which the temperaturerose to almost 102° from normal ; this was succeeded by arapid fall of the temperature to normal, accompanied byprofuse sweating, and shortly followed by the passage ofporter-coloured urine. The urine gave the blood-test withguaiacum, and precipitation of albumen with heat and nitricacid ; under the microscope no blood-discs were seen, butonly masses of yellow pigment. The patient had lived thefirst fifteen years of her life in Cambridge and latterly inLewisham-both somewhat aguish districts ; she had neverhad any other form of ague. The last few years she hadbeen subject to attacks of paroxysmal hæmoglobinuria afterexposure to cold ; she had sometimes had an attack at nightwhen in bed. The patient wore an anxious expression, andher skin had a very

" earthy" appearance. The specialinterest of the case lies in the fact that the patient is afemale, and that she had the attacks at night. It is alsointeresting to note the association of rheumatism.

WOLVERHAMPTON AND DISTRICT MEDICALSOCIETY.

A MEETING of the above Society was held on Thursday,March 4th, F. E. Manby, F.R.C.S., President, in the chair.Amputation of Breast for Cancer.—Mr. VINCENT JACKSON

exhibited a woman aged fifty-eight, whose right breast he hadamputated thirteen years since for cirrhous cancer. At thepresent time she is in good health. There is no evidence ofany return of the disease. Four years previously to theoperation an unmarried sister had her left breast removedfor the same disease, and she also continues quite well.Mr. Jackson stated that this case and two others, one beingan example of the removal at the same time of both breasts,were the only instances of a long survival after excision ofthe breast out of the total number of cases in which he hadperformed this operation.