Short NoticesSource: Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Oct., 1977), pp. 980-983Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3659 .

Accessed: 01/05/2014 15:50

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

.

British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal ofAnimal Ecology.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Thu, 1 May 2014 15:50:00 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

980 Reviews

are likely to encounter in the natural habitat. Eminent scientists from different fields have examined the adaptive strategies that animals adopt to enable them to live in environments where they are subjected to large changes in or extremes of temperature, pressure, salinity, desiccation, low oxygen tension or low light intensity. The concept of adaption to environment is extended in two chapters which deal with the settlement behaviour of animals in choosing the environment to which they are best suited and some aspects of the behavioural physiology of animals in so far as behaviour and reproduction are adaptively related to tidal, diurnal or seasonal rhythms in the marine environment. Each chapter is more than just a review in that it examines from first principles the mechanisms of the effect of a particular environmental parameter (e.g. pressure) at the molecular or cellular level before discussing the ways in which animals have modified- their cell biochemistry, physiology, behaviour or, in the case of some animals their structure, to tolerate the stress so that they may occupy a particular environmental niche.

One theme that links most of the chapters of the book is a firm basis in cell physiology and chemistry which should make it an important addition to the reading list of any student of marine biology. Each chapter has been written as an independent essay so that they may be read in isolation and still present a balanced, overall view. Where data are discussed by more than one contributor they are cross referenced and the extensive bibliographies should recommend the book as a source of reference for research workers.

J. M. DAVIES

SHORT NOTICES

G. Kunkel (Ed.) (1976). Biogeography and Ecology in the Canary Islands. Pp. xvi + 51 1; 230 text-figures, 37 tables. Monographiae Biologicae Vol. 30. Junk, The Hague, Holland. Price 160 Dutch Guilders.

Another of Dr Junk's highly professional and wide-ranging productions that are quite impossible to review except at very great length and very partially. The subject begins with Humbolt, ranges over the geology, mythology, prehistory, climate, concentrates on the flora (seven chapters), gives four chapters to ground-beetles, birds (in Spanish) amphibia, reptiles, Cladocera and Crustacea and ends with a seventeenth chapter on conservation.

P. A. Lawrence (Ed.) (1976). Insect Development. Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London: No. 8. Pp. ix + 230; photographs and text-figures. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Price ?10 50.

Another competent and well-produced collection of twelve papers from the R.E.S. Four papers on egg development, four on wing development and four on the development of pattern in the eye, regenerating leg, epidermis and the control of gene activity ecdysone.

Vincent Schultz, L. L. Eberhardt, J. M. Thomas & M. I. Cochran (Eds) (1976). A Bibliography of Quantitative Ecology. Pp. 361, author index. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg Penn., U.S.A. Price ?14.25.

Computer-produced listing, with some key words, of between 2000 and 3000 un-numbered titles in twenty-seven alphabetically arranged subjects from Age to Taxonomy. Production conforms with the Benchmark series.

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Thu, 1 May 2014 15:50:00 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Reviews 981

F. C. Page (1976). An- Illustrated Key to Freshwater and Soil Amoebae. Freshwater Biological Assn. Sci. Publ. No. 34. Pp. 155; text-figures and photographs. Obtainable from F. B. A., The Ferry House, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 OLP. Price ?2.50.

An excellently illustrated key, as one might expect from the F.B.A., to families, genera and species, using drawings and photographs to put right a surprising deficiency in the taxonomy and biology of animals so familiar to all biologists.

Samuel Karlin & Eviator Nevo (Eds) (1976). Population Genetics and Ecology. Pp. xiv + 832; text-figures. Academic- Press, London. Price ?13.25.

There are thirty-one papers in three sections, field and laboratory studies, models and evidence, and theoretical studies, from a conference held in Israel in 1975. The title does not really reflect the contents in which ecology, especially its behavioural component, plays a small, and in the third section vanishingly small, part.

A. d'A. Bellairs & C. Barry Cox (Eds) (1976). Morphology and Biology of Reptiles. Pp. xi + 290; photographs and text-figures. Linnean Society Symposium Series, Number 3. Academic Press, London. Price ? 4.50.

A collection of fourteen papers with a greater, and more important, evolutionary orientation than the title suggests. This may be because, as the editors say, herpetology still remains a single coherent discipline occupying a critical position in vertebrate evolution.

Ian Hodder & Clive Orton (1976). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Pp. ix + 270, text-figures. Cambridge University Press, London. Price ?7.95.

An interesting offshoot of the spatial analysis developed largely in plant ecology and geography. However, being a branch of animal ecology, it should become increasingly relevant as it develops. At present there is not much that is unfamiliar except an approach essentially from map interpretation. Badly produced.

Michael Everett (1977). A Natural History of Owls. Pp. 156, 130 black and white photographs, 40 coloured plates. Hamlyn, London. Price ?3.50 (hardback).

Another beautifully illustrated coffee table book at a price that raises yet again, questions about the quality, costs and print order in publishing. Compare this with Mosquito Ecology below.

M. W. Service (1976). Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods. Pp. xii + 583; 75 text-figures. Applied Science Publishers, London. Price ?30.

Medical entomology rarely finds its way into the general ecological journals and in some areas it has suffered as a consequence. This is a serious attempt to introduce a wider approach to sampling and some kinds of analysis, such as mark-recapture and mortality estimation. Although the author disclaims a comprehensive coverage, of aerial sampling methods in particular, it is by far the most compendious attempt to date and has a mass of information relevant to a much wider field than the Culicidae.

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Thu, 1 May 2014 15:50:00 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

982 Reviews

R. C. Rainey (Ed.) (1976). Insect Flight. Royal Entomological Society Symp. No. 7. Pp.

xi+287. Plates and text-figures. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Pric ?16.50.

An impressive collection of seven papers on the evolution, anatomy, physiology, functional adaptation and aerodynamics of flight, three on orientation and movement patterns of large insects and two on migration in relation to control. The subject is rapidly acquiring some measure of coherence.

J. M. Elliott (1977). A Key to British Freshwater Megaloptera and Neuroptera. Pp. 52; 18 text-figures and one photograph. Freshwater Biological Association Publication No. 35, obtainable from F.B.A., The Ferry House, Ambleside, Cumbria, England. Price ?1.00.

Well illustrated keys to larvae and adults of the two species of Megaloptera and four Neuroptera that have aquatic, or semi-aquatic larval stages, with life-cycles and brief summary of the ecology.

Gulland, J. A. (Ed.) (1977). Fish Population Dynamics. John Wiley, London. 372 pages. Price: ?14.50.

This book is in two sections. The first, which starts with an'historical account by Ricker (Nanaimo, B.C.) of the development of fishery science, is also a useful review of some of the methods used in fishery investigations. Chapter 2 by Williams (Lowestoft) deals with the collection of the raw data used in commercial marine fishery science, such as catch statistics, fishing effort and market sampling for biological data. Estimates of mortality rates and population size from tagging experiments are well described by Jones (the Aberdeen Marine Laboratory) in Chapter 3.

The title of Gulland's (Dept. of Fisheries, F.A.O., Rome) chapter 'The Analysis of Data and Development of Models' does little to indicate its contents, which is firstly a brief discussion of the sources of fishery data, already dealt with by Williams, and then a useful analysis of the models based on the work of Schaefer, Beverton and Holt and others. One of the most basic pieces of fishery data is the estimated fishing effort for a given catch and the problems associated with putting reliable figures to this are analysed by Rothschild (U.S. National Fisheries Service). In Chapter 6 Cushing (Lowestoft) gives a very good account of the stock recruitment story, much of which (for example Ricker's Curves in Fig. 12) have been published many times elsewhere. Finally in the first section Regier (Toronto University) provides a more integrated approach by considering the position of the fish stock in the whole aquatic ecosystem.

The second section of the book deals with the results of fishery research on selected species (or groups of species); Pacific salmon by Larkin (University of British Columbia); elasmobranchs by Holden (Lowestoft); cod by Garrod (Lowestoft); plaice by Bannister (also of Lowestoft); clupeoids by Murphy (Cronulla, Australia); tuna by Rothschild and Suda (Shimizu, Japan); and whales by Allen (Cronulla) and Chapman (University of Washington). The treatments in these chapters vary considerably, but nevertheless they form very useful summaries of the population biology of some of the most intensively researched commercial marine fish.

This will be a very useful book for those teaching undergraduate courses in fishery science and also as a source book for research workers. This latter use is particularly important because as Gulland points out, the information is not all readily available to the general biologist. Much of the fishery work of the N.W. Atlantic is done by a clique of scientists on an international circuit and is written up in unpublished reports of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and of the International Commission for North Atlantic Fisheries.

The scope of fish population dynamics in this book, is from a freshwater biologists viewpoint, very narrow. Williams in his chapter says 'Fish population dynamics are mainly concerned with fish that are subject to large-scale commercial fishing'. In this book there are even greater restrictions, to marine, mainly' temperate and predominantly Atlantic, fish. In those aspects of the subject that the book concentrates on, it is good, but where it touches on a subject it is often inadequate. For

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Thu, 1 May 2014 15:50:00 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Reviews 983

example the sonic tag is mentioned on page 48 as a useful recent development and the reference is to a paper published in 1963. The reason probably is that many of the spectacular developments in sonic tags in the 1 970s have involved freshwater fish that are not 'subject to large-scale commercial fishing'.

T. B. BAGENAL

Erratum

Anderson, R. M., Whitefield, P. J. & Mills, C. A. (1977). An experimental study of the population dynamics of an ectoparasite dignenean, Transversotrena patialense: The cercarial and adult stages. J. Anim. Ecol. 46, 555-80.

The diagrams for Figs 3 and 6 on pages 561 and 568 should be transposed.

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Thu, 1 May 2014 15:50:00 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions