types of spined telsons

173

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS USED

TECHNICAL TERMS

antennal flagellum

longitudinal suture

rostrum carapace transverse suture 1 to 6 abdominal

segments

flagella

antennula antennal scale

antenna

dorsolateral groove

dorsal keel

third maxilliped

petasma

telson

pleopods (abdominal legs)

uropod

pereiopods (thoracic or walking legs)

epigastric tooth

cervical groove hepatic spine

dactyl

rostraI teeth, prododus carpus

enodopod

postorbital spine

antennal crest.

basis

coxa

ischium merus

orbito-antennal groove

branchio- cardiac groove

epipod

podobranch

spines movable

exopod

endopod

branchiostegal spine hepatic crest anthrobranch

carapace, lateral view pleurobranch

pereiopod with branchiae

spines fixed

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174

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

Sub-order CARIDEA

Pleuron of second abdominal segment over- lapping those of first and third segments. First 2 pairs of thoracic legs, or only the second, ending in a pincer; the last 3 pairs with a simple claw. Eggs carried by the female.

2nd segment

abdomen

CRANGONIDAE

Pontocaris lacazei (Gourret, 1887)

FAO names : En - Hardshell shrimp; Fr - Crevette-crâne ; Sp - Camarón blindado.

Size : 5.5 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls (as bycatch).

Habitat : from 50 to 680 m depth, common between 200 and 400 m.

Loc.name(s) :

Exhippolysmata hastatoides (Balss, 1914)

Synonyms : Hippolysmata hastatoides [Holthuis, 1947].

FAO names : En - Companion shrimp; Fr - Bouc compagnon; Sp - Camarón compañero.

Size : about 7 cm.

Fishing gear : beach seines.

Habitat : coastal marine waters and estuaries, to about 15 m depth, on sandy and muddy bottoms.

Loc.name(s) :

rostrum flattened, ending in 2 small submedian teeth

antennal scales

characteristic

false pincers (incomplete)

median ridges present on segments 2 to 4

5 longitudinal rows of teeth body depressed

HIPPOLYTIDAE

7 or 8 ventral teeth 18-20 teeth

1st thoracic leg very robust, with pincers

2nd thoracic leg with a multiarticulated carpus

colour whitish

colour whitish

175

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

NEMATOCARCINIDAE

Nematocarcinus africanus Crosnier & Forest, 1973

Synonyms : Nematocarcinus cursor non A. Milne Edwards, 1881 [Holthuis, 1951].

FAO names : En - African spider shrimp; Fr - Crevette-araignée d'Afrique; Sp - Camarón araña africano.

Size : 10.4 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : muddy bottoms of the continental shelf.

Loc.name(s) :

Nematopalaemon hastatus (Aurivillius, 1898)

Synonyms : Palaemon (Nema- topalaemon) hastatus (Aurivillius, 1898).

FAO names : En - Estuarine prawn; Fr - Bouquet étier; Sp - Camarón estuarino.

Size : 7.5 cm.

Fishing gear : seines, bottom trawls.

Habitat : sandy and muddy bottoms in estuaries and coastal marine waters, to 50 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

carpus unsegmented

spine

colour reddish-pink

pincer

pincer thoracic legs very long

PALAEMONIDAE

isolated tooth

3-11 ventral teeth

basal ridge of rostrum with 7-11 teeth

small pincer

large pincer

colour reddish pink;

eggs bright blue

176

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne Edwards, 1881 PANDALIDAE

Synonyms : Heterocarpus carinatus (Smith, 1882).

FAO names : En - Armed nylon shrimp; Fr - Crevette nylon armée; Sp - Camarón nailón armado.

Size : 14.2 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : on soft bottoms of the continental shelf; to 3000 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

8-10 ventral teeth

17-19 dorsal teeth 7 longitudinal ridges, 3 at each side, and one on midline of back

carpuspluriarticulate

colour nacreous pink with red spots

Parapandalus narval (Fabricius, 1787)

Synonyms : Parapandalus pristis (Risso, 1816).

FAO names : En - Narval shrimp; Fr - Crevette narval; Sp - Camarón narval.

Size : 14.5 cm

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, pots.

Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms, often near rocky areas, from 10 to 900 m depth, more common between 200 and 400 m.

Loc.name(s) :

anterior margin of rostrum smooth

more than 40 close-set teeth on ventral margin of rostrum

carpus pluri-articulate

all thoracic legs lacking epipodite

transparent whitish,with bright red and

yellow stripes

Plesionika martia (A. Milne Edwards, 1883)

FAO names : En - Golden shrimp; Fr - Crevette dorée; Sp - Camarón de oro.

Size : 16.9 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom and pelagic trawls.

Habitat : muddy bottoms, common from 300 to 700 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

5-10 teeth restricted to basal part of rostrum

42-52 ventralteeth

carpus pluri-articulate

177

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

Glyphus marsupialis Filhol, 1884

FAO names: En - Kangaroo shrimp; Fr - Camarón canguro; Sp - Sivade kangourou.

Size : 16.7 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms, from 500 to 1 100 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Aristeus varidens Holtuis, 1952

PASIPHAEIDAE

exopodits usually present

fingers long

rostrum short

first 2 pairs of thoracic legs large and strong

Sub-order PENAEOIDEA

Pleuron of second abdominal segment overlapping that of third segment only; pincer of 3 first pairs of thoracic legs equal or subequal. Eggs shed directly into the water. Never many spines on body.

pleuron of 1st segment overlapping

that of second

colour uniform bright red

2nd segment

postorbital spine absent

abdomen

carapace weakly keeled

ARISTEIDAE

FAO names : En - Striped red shrimp; Fr - Gambon rayé; Sp - Gamba Iistada.

Size : 20 cm (females), 12 cm (males).

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : on muddy bottoms, from 300 to 600 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

female

carapus slightly shorter than, or as long as merus

colour nacreous white with blue-violet spots

178

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

postorbital spine absentcervical groove ARISTEIDAE

Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus (Johnson, 1867)

FAO names : En - Scarlet shrimp; Fr - Gam bon écarlat; Sp - Gamba carabi nero.

Size : 33 cm (females), 19 cm (males).

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : on muddy bottoms, from 400 to 900 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Parapenaeopsis atlantica Balss, 1914

carapace strongly keeled

exopodite of 2nd maxilliped feathery

carpus longer colour bright red

rostrum long, usuallywith 10 teeth on dorsal margin

end of longitudinal suture

PENAEIDAE

FAO names : En - Guinea shrimp; Fr - Crevette guinéenne; Sp - Camarón guineo.

Size : 17 cm (males), 12 cm (females).

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, beach seines.

Habitat : estuaries, lagoons and coastal marine waters between 10 and 40 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

exopodites present on basesof all thoracic legs

colour pink-orange, rostrum orange4th leg shorter than 5th

Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846)

FAO names : En - Deepwater rose shrimp; Fr - Crevette rose du large; Sp - Gamba de altura.

Size : 19 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : sandy and muddy bottoms from 150 to 600 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

4 pairs ofmobile

spines on telson

rostrum short, 8 teethon dorsal margin

end of longitudinal suture

no exopodites on bases of thoracic legs

colour pink-orange, rostrum red

nomobile

spine; 2 fixed

spines ontelson

179 SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

Penaeus (Melicertus) kerathurus (Forsskål, 1775)

Synonyms : Penaeus trisulcatus (Leach, 1814); Penaeus caramote Risso, 1816.

FAO names : En - Caramote prawn; Fr - Caramote; Sp - Langostino.

Size : 23.5 cm (males), 18 cm (females).

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : coastal waters, on sandy and muddy bottoms.

Loc.name(s) :

Synonyms : Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817; also misidentified as P. (Melicertus) duoarum Burkenroad, 1939.

FAO names : En - Pink shrimp (southern); Fr - Crevette rose (du sud); Sp - Camarón rosado (sureño).

Size : 23 cm (males), 17 cm (females).

Fishing gear : in lagoons with artisanal gear: pots, stow-nets, conical nets, "azui" trawls, beach seines; at sea with bottom trawls (double rig).

Habitat : coastal marine waters, estuaries and lagoons. Lives on muddy bottoms by day and migrates upwards at night.

Loc.name(s) :

Sicyonia carinata (Brünnnich, 1768)

Synonyms : Sicyonia sculpta H.Milne Edwards, 1830.

FAO names : En - Mediterranean rock shrimp; Fr - Boucot de Mediterranee; Sp - Camarón de piedra.

Size : 8 cm, common between 3 and 6 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls, dredges.

Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms from 3 to 35 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

segment 4 rounded,

without spines

colour dark olive-green to bronze-green with brown spots

a single tooth on ventral margin of rostrum PENAEIDAE

colour variable, with cross bars on abdomen

Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) notialis Pérez-Farfante, 1967

no dorsolateral

grooves

2 teeth on ventral margin of rostrum

colour uniform lemon yellow, pink or brownish red a dorso-lateral

groove at each side of mid- dorsal keel

SICYONIDAE

rostrum straight

body stout, rigid

colour orange to light pink

180

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

rostrum bent upwards, 6 dorsalteeth, of which 3 are locatedon the carapace behind orbit

(the last two strongest)

SICYONIDAE

Sicyonia galeata Holthuis, 1952

FAO names : En - Tufted rock shrimp; Fr - Sicyonie huppée; Sp - Camarón penachudo.

Size : 6.2 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls (as bycatch).

Habitat : on muddy or sandy bottoms from 15 to 70 m depth.

Loc.name(s) :

Solenocera africana Stebbing, 1917

Synonyms : often misidentified or synonymized with S. membranacea (Risso, 1816).

FAO names : En - African mud shrimp; Fr - Solénocère d'Afrique; Sp - Gamba de fango.

Size : 14 cm.

Fishing gear : bottom trawls.

Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms, more abundant from 50 to 100 m depth (immature) but may descend beyond 300 m depth,

Loc.name(s) :

integument calcified

grooves tubercles

body stout, rigid

sharp spineson segments

4 and 5

colour greyish brown

SOLENOCERIDAE

the 4 antennular flagella joined, forming a tube

cross section

orbital spine

present postorbital spine present

antennule

antenna

cervical groove long

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