No. 23 - Auturmn 2016 - The magazine of Skretting Australia
FISHMEAL FREEGIVING AQUACULTURE THE LICENSE TO GROW
SKRETTING
www.skrett ing.com.au
Nexus
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3 SKRETTING
NEXUS
FISHMEAL FREE
page 3
EL NIÑO
page 5
PIGMENTATION
page 6
SNIPPETS
page 8
CONTENTS
Nexus is published by Skretting and is distributed free to all our customers involved in the Australian and New Zealand Fish Farming Industry.
© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior written permission of the publishers.
This publication is not intended to remove the need to take advice when dealing with specific situations and readers should contact the editor before taking any action in reliance on the articles in Nexus.
Contact Information:26 Maxwells Road Cambridge Tasmania Australia 7170PO Box 117 Rosny Park Tasmania Australia 7018Telephone: +61 3 6216 1201
Welcome to the Autumn edition of Nexus.
In this issue, we are very excited to be able to announce that Skretting is the first to market with
salmon feed formulations made completely fishmeal-free. This breakthrough has been made
possible through progressive and extensive research and is backed up by detailed evidence from
Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC).
José Villalon, Nutreco’s Corporate Sustainability Director states, “Feeding the Future is Nutreco’s
mission, and this breakthrough in raw material flexibility gives us the ability to provide a significant
contribution to feeding the global population that is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050.”
In our previous edition, we presented a new research concept from the ARC on early pigmentation
for salmonids. In this edition, we further explore this concept and present the results from the ARC
trials.
This coming June, Nutreco and Skretting will hold its biennial international aquaculture and food
business conference, AquaVision. As with previous years, there will be some very inspiring speakers
and plenty of discussion at a strategic level on current and future concerns from consumption
and marketing back to farming, fish processing and feeding. Stay tuned to our website for further
AquaVision updates.
We hope you enjoy this edition of Nexus. n
Dr Leo Nankervis will be joining Skretting AustraliaWe are pleased to announce that Leo will join Skretting Australia as Marketing Manager. Leo is currently
working for the Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC) in Stavanger, Norway. He joined Skretting
in 2007 as a researcher in the nutrition department and from 2014 has been leader of the team for
salmonid research. He has been a driver, amongst other things, for the development of MicroBalance,
Supreme and HT summer diets. Leo is Australian, originally from Queensland, with extensive experience
across many species. He will relocate with his family in September and commence work with us in early
October 2016. He will be reporting to Rhys Hauler, Commercial Manager. n
SUSTAINABILITY A KEY FOCUS
José Villalon is Corporate Sustainability Director for
Nutreco, Skretting’s parent company. As former
Vice President and Managing Director of WWF’s
aquaculture programme and member of the
Supervisory Board of the Aquaculture Stewardship
Council (ASC), he is well versed in the increasingly
strict requirements demanded of aquaculture on a
global scale, and the implications of breakthroughs
such as this.
“Feeding the Future is Nutreco’s mission, and this
breakthrough in raw material flexibility gives us the
ability to provide a significant contribution to feeding
the global population that is expected to reach 9 billion
by 2050,” says Villalon.
SIGNIFICANT SOLUTIONS
All of the new MicroBalance FLX products have
no requirement for fishmeal inclusion. The positive
outcomes from this innovation are significant: it means
Skretting can be increasingly flexible with raw material
inclusions, enabling the available responsibly sourced
fishmeal resource to go much further than in the past,
and thereby increasing the sustainability credentials of
salmon production globally.
Cover image: Leo Nankervis, MicroBalance research leader from Skretting ARC and Sissel Susort, Skretting Global Product Manager Grower Feeds
DR JENNA BOWYER SUSTAINABILITY & COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER
About this issue
Skretting is a proud leader in aquafeed technology, and is excited to be first to market with salmon feeds that can be formulated completely free of fishmeal while delivering equal performance in terms of fish growth and health. These breakthrough products, called MicroBalance FLX, have been made possible through progressive and extensive research, and are backed up by detailed evidence from Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC).
MicroBalance® FLX: Skretting makes fishmeal-free breakthrough FISHMEAL AVAILABILITY WILL NOT LIMIT FUTURE GROWTH FOR THE SALMON INDUSTRY
4 SKRETTING NEXUS
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RAW MATERIAL FREEDOM
Skretting ARC, based in Stavanger, Norway,
has devoted significant resources over the
past 25 years to exploring the potential for
alternative raw materials to replace traditional
feed components while ensuring optimum fish
growth and health.
Progressive research in the early 2000s led
to the identification of key micronutrients in
the fishmeal profile that are essential to fish.
The resultant MicroBalance concept has
allowed Skretting to be increasingly flexible with
feed formulations. The latest research is the
culmination of decades of investigation, and
sees the final piece of the fishmeal puzzle fall
into place: with MicroBalance FLX, Skretting
now has full flexibility over fishmeal inclusion in
salmonid grower feeds.
“Through our research, we have detailed
evidence proving salmonids can be fed with
feeds that are devoid of fishmeal. This is very
important knowledge that we will utilise to give
us even more flexibility with regards to the
composition of our commercial feeds,” says
Dr Leo Nankervis, Team Leader Salmonid
Nutrition at Skretting ARC.
“There is a finite amount of fishmeal available in
the market. Therefore, in order for aquaculture
to expand to offer a genuinely viable solution to
the challenge of feeding a fast growing global
population, it is essential that the fishmeal
resource is used in the most efficient ways
possible. Fishmeal availability will not limit the
further expansion of the salmon farming industry.
“While fishmeal is an extremely useful ingredient
that provides highly digestible protein, minerals
and trace elements, with this knowledge it
essentially becomes just like any other raw
material; it is interchangeable and can be
formulated into feeds at varying levels depending
on specific nutrient requirements, customer
needs as well as prices and availability,” he says.
INCREASED FLEXIBILITY FOR CUSTOMERS
Skretting’s Global Product Manager Grower
Feeds Sissel Susort points out that although
Skretting now has the knowledge and capability
to produce fishmeal-free feeds, it does not mean
that fishmeal will be eliminated from the products.
“The fact that we can do it is the key point. We
will work with our customers when and if they
decide to use MicroBalance FLX feeds. The
value of this knowledge will increase if fishmeal
availability decreases in the future.”
Susort continues, “To be fully flexible in our
formulations, raw material knowledge and
availability is vital. In Europe, market acceptance
to use animal protein is low, so we need to have
good vegetable alternatives available.”
FISHMEAL STILL A VALUABLE RAW MATERIAL
“Fishmeal is a natural and well-balanced source
of high-quality protein,” adds Trygve Berg
Lea, Sustainability Manager Skretting. “As an
ingredient in aquaculture feed, fishmeal carries
large quantities of energy per unit weight and
is an excellent source of protein, lipids (oils),
minerals and vitamins.
“The processing of seafood for human
consumption generates vast amounts of
by-products such as trimmings, fins, frames,
heads, shells, skin and viscera which can be
converted and utilised as valuable products
for aquaculture. The utilisation of by-products
is essential because it eliminates waste by
increasing efficiency through value addition,”
continues Berg Lea. “As such, Skretting will
continue to use some fishmeal in our products
if it benefits the nutritional composition of the
feed, is economic, and the source of fishmeal
is responsibly managed fisheries or the valuable
use of by-products from seafood processing.”
WHAT’S NEXT?
The arrival of MicroBalance FLX does not bring
an end to Skretting’s MicroBalance research.
“MicroBalance FLX is a major breakthrough
in terms of salmon nutrition that will definitely
help us to accelerate the development of
MicroBalance for other species that are
currently more dependent on fishmeal, for
example shrimp, sea bass, turbot and other
marine fish.” says Alex Obach, Managing
Director at Skretting ARC. “But this is not
the end of the road. We are on a mission.
Becoming independent of fishmeal gives us the
opportunity to explore alternative and novel raw
materials that perhaps are not even considered
in the spectrum of possibilities today. Can
we produce fish in the future using resources
without being in competition with foods for
human consumption? We are curious, and we
will keep searching.”
Feeding the Future is Nutreco’s mission,
and this breakthrough in raw material
flexibility gives us the ability to provide a
significant contribution to feeding the global
population that is expected to reach 9
billion by 2050José Villalon
Corporate Sustainability Director Nutreco
This is not the end of the road. We are on a mission. Becoming independent of fishmeal gives us the opportunity to explore alternative and novel raw materials. We are curious, and we will keep searching.Alex ObachManaging DirectorSkretting ARC
At this point, research was nutrient-driven and
focused on identifying the requirements for amino
acids, minerals & protein
A greater understanding of the nutrient
requirements led to further investigation
into raw material quality with digestibility and antinutritional factor
analyses
A high fish meal content still appeared to be essential when only using vegetable protein sources as
alternative raw materials.
The focus was again adjusted to include physiology-driven research
with the aim to understand the impact of nutrients on metabolism, and balancing nutrients to prevent
metabolic dysfunction.
The beginning of the MicroBalance journey.
In 2010, researchers at Skretting ARC revealed a significant breakthrough,
identifying specific nutritional requirements and detailed raw material
replacement capabilities.
The MicroBalance concept has been
progressively refined and documented.
Trials are initiated with feeds using 0% fish meal.
We can do it.
Comprehensive trials prove that we can now formulate feeds
that contain no fish meal, with equal fish health, performance
and quality.
THE
JOURNEY
1990s 2010EARLY TO MID 2000s 2012MID TO LATE 2000s 2015
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Deteriorating fish meal and oil production
prospects have been driven by the re-emergence
of the El Niño weather phenomenon, which has
continued to develop through the end of 2015.
El Niño events traditionally occur irregularly at
intervals of between 2 to 7 years at an average
frequency of every 5 years and while usually
short lived. The disruption it causes to the normal
Peruvian upwelling system and the associated
impacts can be significant.
In normal non-El Niño years, strong tradewinds
blow west across the tropical Pacific pushing
warm, usually nutrient-depleted, surface water
offshore to the west. This results in a sea surface
that is about 0.5 m higher and a sea surface
temperature that is about 8°C warmer in Indonesia
than Ecuador. While this is happening the costal
surface water is replaced by water from a depth
of 200-300 meters. This process is known as
upwelling.
This cold upwelling brings nitrate and phosphate
rich water to the surface and supports the
production of vast populations of phytoplankton
and zooplankton which in turn provides food
for the vast shoals of Peruvian anchovy. The
productivity potential of costal upwelling systems
is illustrated by the fact that 25% of the total global
marine fish catch come from five upwelling’s that
occupy only 5% of the total ocean area.
WHAT IS EL NIÑO?
During an El Niño episode, the normal westward-
blowing trade winds weaken causing warm surface
water to move eastward along the Equator, from
the western Pacific to the coast of South America.
The warm water builds up, or thickens, pushing
the thermocline down as much as 152 meters,
this thick layer of warm water does not allow for
normal upwelling to occur. Without this upwelling
of nutrient-rich cold water, the productivity of the
anchoveta fishery decreases.
The Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) is a
specialised technical agency with the responsibility
for undertaking scientific research and study of the
Peruvian sea and its resources and to advise the
State in making decisions about the wise use of
fishery resources and conservation of the marine
environment.
With the scientific support of IMARPE, the Ministry
of Production (PRODUCE) decided to open the
2015 second industrial anchovy fishing season in
the northern central area of the Peruvian sea from
17 November 2015 to 31 January 2016.
WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS FOR 2016?
“The impact (of El Niño) has been important in the second
half of 2015, as the quota for the second season has
been roughly reduced to a half. Usually the second fishing
season was 2 million tonnes, but now is 1.11 million,”
said IMARPE president, German Vasquez (FIS, World
News, Jan 13th 2016).
The long term trend for both fish meal and oil is one
of increasing price which is driven by global demand.
Skretting has been successful in mitigating the increasing
costs of marine ingredients by reducing the reliance on
fish meal and oil in diets through the replacement with
vegetable and land-animal meals and oils. Skretting are
the first to the market with salmon feed formulations
made completely fishmeal-free while delivering equal
performance in terms of fish growth and health. It means
Skretting can be increasingly flexible with raw material
inclusions, enabling the available responsibly sourced
credentials of salmon production globally.
As always Skretting will ensure that each of our customers
remain fully briefed on the implications of raw material
prices changes. We are open to exploring what raw
material choices can be made to ensure our customers
are still able to grow fish efficiently and with the required
end product characteristics. n
Figure 1. 15 year fishmeal price development showing the recent increase in price driven by reduction in Peruvian production volumes.
Figure 2. Upwelling is created when coastal winds displace surface waters to be replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that “wells up” from below.Source: http://www.greenseaupwelling.com/_images/upwellPic.png
Figure 3. Patterns of sea surface temperature during El Nino and La Nina episodes. The colours along the equator show areas that are warmer or cooler than the long-term average.Source: http://iri.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ENSO-states-viz_0.jpg
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Many farmers will be aware that fishmeal and oil prices have strengthened in recent months in response to deteriorating Peruvian production prospects, which has cut the availability of supplies for export. Falling output coupled with ever increasing demand from other production sectors, including the growing fish oil supplement industry, has the potential to impact aquaculture production costs until supply levels stabilise.
El Niño - the impact on fishmeal and fish oil prices
DR RHYS HAULER COMMERCIAL MANAGER
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To help the fish put into open seawater sites achieve
optimum growth, performance and health, many Atlantic
salmon producers around the world have in recent years
elected to extend the period that juveniles spend in the
freshwater phase of grow-out. Consequently, the reduced
time that the smolts spend in seawater before harvest,
aligned with the generally faster growth rates seen in salmon
production today, have contributed to a steady decline in
the pigmentation period.
The pigment in salmonids that provides their prized pink
colour is the carotenoid astaxanthin. Obtained naturally from
plankton, algae and crustacean shells as well as in nature-
identical synthesised form, astaxanthin is also an antioxidant
and a precursor to vitamin A. In cases where organic feeds
are being formulated, the pigment is derived from bacteria.
Salmon in the seawater stage of production have always
been given pigmented feeds and traditionally, pigmentation
for salmon starts at the beginning of the seawater phase.
In the past, it was not unusual for salmon farmers to put 40g
smolt into seawater sea pens, today the tendency is for the
smolt being transferred to be considerably larger and much
further along in the growth cycle.
“With the sea production time now several months shorter,
the salmon are missing out on significant pigmentation time
ahead of harvest. Year-on-year, we have seen pigmentation
decline in various markets, including Norway, Canada and
Chile,” says Leo Nankervis, Team Leader Salmonid Nutrition
at Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC).
To overcome this particular pigment challenge, and following
extensive trials with astaxanthin, Skretting has formulated
freshwater-specific feeds containing astaxanthin, enabling
pigmentation to begin prior to transfer.
“These feeds give salmon farmers the opportunity to get a
head start on the pigmentation process, which can give in
excess of 0.5ppm extra astaxanthin in the fillet by the time
the fish have transferred,” says Nankervis (Figure 1).
MODELLING STUDIES
Skretting ARC’s freshwater trials, led by researcher
Guido Riesen, were conducted with salmon juveniles
of approximately six months of age and were continued
through the seawater phase of growth. During the
freshwater and seawater transfer phase, the fish received
feeds containing varying levels of pigment.
Findings established that diet formulations containing
70ppm pigment offered a freshwater model that is most
aligned with the seawater model.
“The uptake utilisation of astaxanthin in freshwater was very
similar to that in seawater. This was excellent news as it
meant we could model in both the production stages for
salmonids” says Nankervis.
MARKET BENEFITS
Roar Sandvik, Global Product Manager for Freshwater &
Transfer Feeds at Skretting, says the new freshwater feeds
fulfil an increasingly important requirement in the production
system for salmon, and together with the knowledge gained
through the R&D process, they can provide invaluable
support for fish farmers wishing to establish a clear strategy
for achieving optimal pigmentation.
“The pigment astaxanthin is an essential component of the
diet of salmon; among other things, it influences the growth
and health of the fish. It also gives them the appearance that
end-consumers look for.
Therefore, an important goal for fish farmers has always
been to achieve good pigmentation,” says Sandvik.
“However, it is clear that the reduced time that salmon are
now spending in the seawater stage of growth has been
challenging the pigmentation process in most production
regions. These new formulations are a big advance for the
marketplace because they address that imbalance.”
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Skretting ARC’s research has also furthered knowledge
about fish stress responses to oxidative stress from
practices such as hydrogen peroxide bathing, crowding or
higher water temperatures and their effects on pigmentation.
For example, hydrogen peroxide has become widely used
as a bathing agent against sea lice and amoebic gill disease
(AGD) in several salmon farming countries and its use
has increased several-fold in recent years. However, with
hydrogen peroxide being an oxidising agent and astaxanthin
being an antioxidant, Skretting ARC researchers felt it was
important to learn to what degree the former decreases the
pigment level in the flesh of the fish. These investigations
were led by senior researcher Gunvor Struksnæs.
Concurrently, they found a certain number of fish will
break down some of their astaxantin into idoxanthin (a
metabolite of astaxanthin) when faced with a stressful
event. Interestingly, some individuals are affected to a
much larger degree than others, which now enables
better understanding of the variation that we see in the
pigmentation response between individual fish.
These findings complement the research Skretting ARC has
been conducting with larger fish in the seawater stage –
looking at the effects of hydrogen peroxide bathing, explains
Nankervis.
“We have found a downturn of pigmentation following
hydrogen peroxide bathing, but it is not as high as we
initially thought it might have been. Additional simulations
that haven’t included bathing but have lowered the water
levels have also triggered the breakdown of astaxanthin to
idoxanthin.
“We have confirmed that stress, particularly crowding
stress, is a major contributor to the transfer of astaxanthin to
idoxanthin in salmon. This knowledge has given us another
important avenue of further research as we look to establish
a bigger picture understanding of the mechanisms that are
controlling the degrading of pigmentation in larger fish in
seawater systems,” says Nankervis.
On a more local level, salmon producers in Tasmania
generally observe impaired pigmentation success and
unusually high variations in flesh pigmentation between
individuals in and after the summer period. Summer
water temperatures in Tasmanian salmon farming regions
commonly reach 18°C and are another cause of increased
oxidative stress on the fish leading to pigment degradation.
An ongoing PhD project at the University of Tasmania,
sponsored by Skretting Australia, is elucidating the effects
of high water temperatures on pigmentation. A better
understanding of the mechanisms involved in salmon
pigmentation success at high temperatures is crucial to
achieve high quality salmon products. Early pigmentation
of fish from the freshwater phase may be another avenue
to help improve pigmentation of fish farmed in high
temperatures. n
Early pigmentation of fish from the freshwater
phase may be another avenue to help improve
pigmentation of fish farmed in high
temperatures
Nicole RuffProduct Manager
Skretting Australia
A head start for salmon smolt pigmentationSkretting reveals pigmentation breakthroughDR NICOLE RUFF PRODUCT MANAGER
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4.15mgA
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All diets 50mgA
Figure 1. Salmon were fed diets with varying inclusions of astaxanthin before transfer (70ppm, 40ppm and 5ppm), followed by a standard diet post transfer (50ppm). Fillet astaxanthin levels remain similar up to transfer; the increase in fillet astaxanthin is observed post-transfer, meaning that pigmentation in the freshwater stage has significant positive impacts on final fillet astaxanthin. FW, freshwater; SW, saltwater; ppm = mg/kg.
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Each year Skretting Australia undertakes a residue monitoring program as part of its
commitment to the global Skretting Nutrace® food safety system. All tests carried
out under this program are undertaken by selected leading international laboratories
ensuring that we not only use best practice test methods, but can also have great
confidence in the results.
Through this program we monitor potential residues, use the results to guide our
purchasing and product formulations, and keep our customers informed of trends and issues.
Skretting Australia’s latest Residue Monitoring Report summarises the level of undesirable substances in Skretting Australia feeds from
2011 to 2015.
Results from monitoring in 2015 indicate that Skretting Australia feeds have again met all Australian and European requirements and
that the levels of undesirable substances found in feeds are substantially lower than the limits set by authorities.
To view the report online please visit our website www.skretting.com.au where you can find the report under Our Story – Quality &
Safety, you will also find our previous issues of the report. n
We are pleased to announce that Alison Hill is Skretting’s newest member of the Sales department.
In December last year, Alison’s stepped into the role of Customer Service Support after the retirement
of one our longest standing employees, Tim Tayler. Alison will support our new Customer Service
Coordinator, Michael Hennessey and be responsible for taking customer sales orders. nContact details for Alison: [email protected] +61 3 6216 1212
Lord Sebastian Coe, President of the International Association
of Athletics Federations (IAAF) will be the keynote speaker at this
year’s AquaVision conference, which takes place in Stavanger,
Norway, from 13 to 15 June. With the theme ‘Meeting tomorrow
today’, AquaVision 2016 will concentrate on two core areas:
‘The blue revolution’ and ‘Beyond tomorrow’, and in true
AquaVision tradition, many of the topics and liveliest debates
will focus on the challenges and opportunities facing the
aquaculture industry today and in the future.
Lord Coe is regarded throughout the world as one of the
greatest athletes of his generation. He set 12 world records
over four distances, achieving four golds and three silver
medals competing at the Olympic Games and European
Championships. Using his political skills, his strategic know-how
and a true passion for sport, Lord Coe led London’s winning
bid to host the 2012 Olympics subsequently organising and
delivering what is widely considered one of the most successful
Games of modern times. Following London 2012, he served as
Chairman of the British Olympic Association.
Drawing on the lessons learned during an illustrious career –
both on and off the track – Lord Coe will share with AquaVision
delegates the benefits of building resilient and dependable
teams from a variety of backgrounds. He will emphasise the
importance of delivering on visions, communicating pre-
emptively, and ensuring nothing is left to chance. Above all,
he will underline the age-old proposition that no amount of
theorising replaces the genius of hard work.
AquaVision is a world-class aquaculture conference that attracts
a diverse range of stakeholders to Stavanger every two years
and will do so again in June 2016. The conference, organised
since 1996 by Skretting and its parent company Nutreco, has
established itself as an important meeting place for some 400
participants from over 40 countries.
Skretting and Nutreco are finalising the programme for
AquaVision 2016. This 11th edition will bring a wide range
of speakers from all continents to provide attendees with
invaluable information, insight and opinion. We look forward to
announcing further details in the coming weeks. n
LORD SEBASTIAN COE - KEYNOTE SPEAKER AT AQUAVISION 2016
2015 RESIDUE REPORT IS ONLINE NOW
NEW FACE IN THE SALES DEPARTMENT
DR JENNA BOWYER SUSTAINABILITY & COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER
Snippets
WELCOME TO AQUAVISION 2016THE UNIQUE AQUACULTURE CONFERENCE
AquaVision is the biennial international aquaculture conference organised to provide a platform and network for discussions at a strategic level. As a highly respected aquaculture conference, Skretting and Nutreco take pride in the cal-ibre of attendees at AquaVision, including presidents, CEOs and directors from the world’s leading and largest aquaculture companies.
Fully booked conferences in 2012 and 2014, with more than 400 stakeholders from over 40 countries attending both, showed the importance of AquaVision as a meeting place. We look forward to again welcoming the aquaculture industry to Stavanger and the eleventh World Aquaculture Business Conference.
The topics at AquaVision 2016 will cover current and future opportunities and concerns, including consumption trends, marketing, farm yields, feed devel-opment and fish processing. With the theme ‘Meeting tomorrow today’, the programme will focus on two core areas:
• THE BLUE REVOLUTION• BEYOND TOMORROW
AquaVision will take place at Stavanger Forum 13–15 June 2016. The conference will provide the critical context, new ideas and challenging thinking that senior managers seek. This year’s conference will give insight from industry specialists, science, business development and NGOs.
We look forward to welcoming you to Stavanger, Norway. There will be many exciting opportunities for you during your stay including:
UNIQUE PROGRAMMEA focused programme touching the most relevant topics within the industry.
NETWORKING Key networking events, including a welcome reception, a boat trip on the fjords, and the customary and much enjoyed conference dinner at a special venue close to Stavanger.
KEYNOTE SPEAKERSAn exciting line-up of experts have agreed to share their insights and experiences with delegates. For more information: www.aquavision.org
We look forward to meeting you in Stavanger!
With kind regards,
Eivind HellandConference Director
(+47) 91 37 78 25 [email protected]
MEETINGTOMORROWTODAY
REGISTER ONLINE TODAY
ORGANIZED BY:
THE BLUE REVOLUTION BEYOND TOMORROW
WORLD BUSINESS CONFERENCE ON AQUACULTURE STAVANGER, NORWAY 13–15 JUNE 2016
KEYNOTE SPEAKER LORD SEBASTIAN COE
SPONSORED BY:
12 SKRETTING NEXUS
www.skretting.com
Set your smolt up for life
The period after release into saltwater is critical in the salmonid life cycle, and feed uptake and efficacy during this period has major consequences for the final harvest. The benefits of the Supreme range of feeds developed by Skretting are consistent and well documented.
Feeding your fish Supreme enables them to cope better during this transition, and results in a better FCR, improved feed uptake after transfer, more robust and resilient fish, less size variation and the potential for earlier harvest and increased production.
For more information, contact your local Skretting representative.
www.skretting.com.au